• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1159-1182
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine everyday emotional experience of urban elderly in Korea. Specifically, this study explores gender differences in the effect of place/location of activity and companionship on the daily emotional experience. Data were collected from 148 urban elderly (men=76, women=72) in Seoul, using Experience Sampling Method(ESM). The unit of analysis was the self-report and in total 5,530 self-reports were provided. The statistical methods used for the data analyses were descriptive statistics, t-test, χ² verification, and ANOVA. The major findings are as follows. First, the elderly in Korea spend a quite substantial portion of their time at home, and they spend the largest share of their time in company with their spouse. Second, women report higher intensity of stress and irritation than men in terms of overall emotional experience. Third, the effect of activity location and companionship on emotional experience turned out to be different depending on gender. Emotional experience of daily lives and overall quality of life are shown to be inter-related. Based on these findings, this study provides a significant implication that situational contexts of experience should be considered in order to understand the daily emotional experience of the contemporary Korean elderly.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1005-1020
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• 2010

This study was conducted to explore and understand the meaning of stigma of families having old people admitted to nursing home within the Korean culture. Data collection was performed through in-depth interviews and participant observations which were recorded and transcribed verbatim with the consent of the participants. The key informants were 12 people having the aged family member in nursing home. The data was collected from October 2008 to February 2009 until completed. Data were analyzed utilizing the taxonomic analysis method developed by Spradley. As a result, 24 themes, 8 categories and 4 cultural domains are founded from the cases. The cultural domains resulted from the analysis are: 『Incompetence of Oneself: 'Adaptation to Inevitable Realities', 'Difficulty of Economic Independence', 'Difficulty of the Subjective Self-assertion'』, 『Contradictoriness of Decision Making: 'Decision Making Different from Own Mind', 'Conflicts between Neighboring'』, 『Self-rationalization of Decision Making: 'Self-comfort of Decision Making'』, 『Shifting Responsibility: 'Services Different from that of Family', 'Laking in Sincerity of Responsible Institution'』. Theoretical model about stigma of the family having old people admitted to nursing home by the research result in the above was able to be confirmed that it was expressed with the original form of thought of recursive system which continuously showing the inconsistency of decision making, rationalizing decision making, and shifting one's own responsibility in the process of accomplishing the duty of supporting old people. Based on the results, I discussed the meaning of stigma of families having old people admitted to nursing home and provided recommendations for future research.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1665-1683
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine what the formation of a community incorporating two generations of people can give the elderly and the problems which are associated with establishing related programs of this kind. For this, the researcher enacted ethnographic method like as observant participation and in-depth interview on 24 participants. From this study, I found that the elderly and the children who took part in several programs to form the intergenerational linkages made the system meaningful in the following ways: first, the more harmonious the communication across between two age groups is, the more the understanding between them increases. Second, the sense of community has intensified the natural harmony. Third, the more self-satisfaction and confidence increases, the more self-efficacy is enhanced. Fourth, the purposeful and creative activities with peers have enabled the elderly to enjoy their leisure time. Fifth, the elderly have experienced the pleasure of learning and sharing common sense as a life-long learners. However, in the process of this program, several problems occurred such as the rigidly bureaucratic operation of the program and the elderly people's individual differences. In addition, the lack of a precisely-existing program necessary to form the intergenerational linkages and to bring together different generations was a problem. Finally, I have concluded that the effort to form the intergenerational linkages helps increase the understanding and cooperation across age groups and contributes to the successful aging of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.235-260
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• 2012

This study was aimed at looking into and understanding child-rearing experience of mothers from multicultural families based on the grounded theory, one of the qualitative research methods. For this, twelve mothers from multicultural families were selected and data were collected through in-depth interviews with them and then analyzed through the open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The analysis suggested that main phenomena mothers from multicultural families experienced are the conflict of child-rearing and educational crisis, and the confused identity of parenting. These main phenomena had much to do with contextual factors such as economic hardship, lower level of the Korean language, cultural differences, prejudices and ignorance. The severeness of conflict and crisis of child-rearing and the intensity of identity confusion for parenting depended on arbitral conditions such as family bonds, positive expectation for the future of their children, and the help of supportive systems. Mothers were dealing with difficulties of child-rearing through action and interaction of resignation and denial, introspection and the intention to overcome difficulties, and the capacity building. As a result, mothers from multicultural families acknowledged that there is a limit to their position and roles they can play and tried to change in order to resolve problems related to their children, positioning themselves for more active lives in Korean society. Through discussion based on the findings of the study, this study can help better understand child-rearing experience of mothers from multicultural families and suggest several directions for future researches on multicultural families.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.63-109
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• 2008

This article examines psychological factors that contribute to educational achievement of Korean adolescents. By reviewing empirical research, three core areas are outlined. First, positive and negative roles that Korean society play on academic achievement are analyzed. Compared to other countries, Korean society places a high premium, pressure an investment on educational achievement. This has contributed to the rapid economic growth and development, but at the same time it has created numerous social problems. Second, psychological and relational dynamics of investing in and achieving success in education are delineated. Through indigenous psychological analysis, the role parents play in motivating and regulating their children to succeed academically is reviewed. In addition, the role of teachers and friends and the coordinated efforts of Korean society are outlined. Third, future directions and transformations in education that are needed in Korean society are discussed. Although Korean adolescents are high achievers in high school, this is not the case at the university level. Since Korean students are interested in entering a prestigious university, they have developed skills in doing well in standardized tests. Educational reforms need to take into consideration individuals' personal interests, skills and creativity to ensure that the knowledge that they acquired can be used to further their career and improve their subjective well-being. Educational transformation does not imply simply adopting Western models, but developing indigenous models that can maximize human and cultural potential and stimulate curiosity, diversity and creativity that are necessary in the global era.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.147-162
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• 2023

This study explored the experience of social support in the education and rearing of children of immigrant women through international marriage and found its essential meaning. First of all, the husband's social support was very important, but the relationship with the husband had a different effect on childrearing and education. Parents-in-law had a positive and negative impact on child rearing and education of them due to cultural conflicts between the two countries. Their own mother was a strong support that gave them great strength just by being there, and as their children grew up, they regarded their mother as the source of bilingual education for their children. Other supporters around them were Korean friends who connected Korean society by sharing information on child care and education. Friends who spoke and communicated in their native language were emotional and psychological supporters that bonded the same experience of parenting and education for their children. In conclusion, the research participants expected a better life for themselves and their children by using a multi-layered social support system as well as a transnational family network in the process of child education and care. Accordingly, it was proposed to systematically improve the laws, systems, and policy support so that the social support system can be further strengthened at the family, community, and transnational levels for the education and care of children of immigrant women through international marriage.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.75
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• pp.7-31
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this essay is to seek an alternative direction for confirmation education within the context of Korean Protestant Church, addressing the following issues: 1) Confusion in the use of terminology on confirmation, 2) Superficial understanding of confirmation, and the absence or privatization of confirmation theology, 3) Formalized confirmation education based on the concept of rites of passage, and 4) The absence of denominationally structured confirmation education. Research content and method: To achieve this purpose, this essay attempts to foster an intradisciplinary and interactive dialogue on confirmation through a biblical, historical, and theological approach. Biblically, confirmation is to be understood as the unity of the baptism of water and the baptism of Holy Spirit, associated with the consecration of the baptized as royal priests through the baptism of Holy Spirit. Historically, as a part of the rite of Christian initiation, confirmation was a unified rite that has undergone a process of separation and reunification. Theologically, the rite of confirmation affirms the covenant of the Triune God given in baptism and is positioned between baptism and the Lord's Supper. Conclusions and Suggestions: In conclusion, this essay suggests an alternative form of Confirmation education that is oriented towards the following objectives: 1) Education that forms the identity given in the baptismal covenant, 2) Education that reflects characteristics of both baptism and the Lord's Supper, 3) Education that integrates the Bible, doctrine, and life of confirmand and, 4) Education based on an organic educational system.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-45
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• 2014

Mystic experience such as seeing an vision could be explained as experiencing elusive and mysterious unique existence in religious way. In depth psychology, which is based on unconsciousness like analytical psychology, this could be explained as a something that gives a meaning of life and purpose through discovering health and healing. The importance of primodial experience in depth psychology is that it can possibly discover the base of present acts. In Christian theology, symbolic mystery and truth of religious experience that appear in Christian tradition have interest on human situation. These two fields' approach methods are different, but both show common interest on unique experience which can be said properly as raw experience. Various visions appear in many parts of the Bible. Among many visions, the book of Zechariah, one of the 12 Prophets, describes rich and diverse 8 visions through chapter 1 to chapter 8. However, due to the Genre of revelation, it lacks historicity, and because of vagueness and symbolic meanings, its visions are hard to understand and interpret. Theologically, visions of Zechariah show communality of Israelites by reconstructing kingdom of Judah and church in a way of historical circumstances. Though, these visions could deliver the meaning of an ethnical aspect as reporting continuous conversation between the God and humans. Furthermore, it could mean a personal aspect of the Prophet Zechariah as reaching for a opportunity of new change. Moreover, those who read these visions could try to interpret the meanings of various images which represent meeting mysterious existences. Therefore, the Author would concentrate on the fact that 8 visions in the book of Zechariah, which has not been received much attention to neither Christians nor non-believers, develop in chiastic structure (stylistic contrast), so that tries to interpret the first, second, seventh, and the eighth visions in analytic psychology way. In visions of Zechariah, excepting the 4th vision which probably was inserted later, rest of 7 visions each shows the stage of the hours of darkness. 1st to 3rd visions represent evening, 5th vision represents deep in the night, and 6th to 8th visions represent dawn to morning. Moreover, since structure of visions arranged in chiastic way, horse appears in 1st and 8th vision, measuring rope and measure tools are used as main motif in 2nd and 7th vision. However, same motifs could have different symbolic meanings and roles as visions are formed in different situations and conditions. In the first vision, angels who ride horses look around the world and report it is calm and peaceful. Concerning the political situation back in the day, the world being calm and peaceful in the beginning of evening means that it is not ready to change to a whole new world. Psychologically, if there is no readiness to adopt new world, it means being hopeless. It is sending you a message to get out of those kinds of situation. Moreover, appearance of four angels who rode red, brown, and white horses to a myrtus tree in the valley means that it is time for individuation and it is right and good timing for changing. In second vision, you will be able to see that Israelites had long years being caught in the shadows by foreign country, and long years succumbed by the strength of four horns, which shows the progress of renewing strength and being oneness with oneself from overwhelmed situation by paternity. In seventh vision, meaning of two women bringing the godness of the sky, who were locked up in a rice basket, back to the temple in Babylon is going towards in a level of Self-actualization by separating one's ego captured excessively by matherhood and putting back to a place where it was before. In eighth vision, chariots pulled by horses are scattered far and wide, and horses which went to north had rest in the land of North. After horses and chariots are seen between two mountains of bronze with the image of Self and anima/animus. These images can be explained as the changing progress are almost completed and the God and human, in other words Self and ego are being united and is now time for rest. All of 8 visions contains the conversation between angel and Zechariah who willing to know the meaning of visions. Zechariah asks the angel actively about the meaning of visions because of his wish for Israelites to return home and rebuild church. Conversation among the God, Zechariah, who asks questions until he knows everything, an Angel, who gives answer to given questions, is conversation between ego and anima/animus. Eventually, it is a conversation between Self and ego.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.193-214
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• 2017

This study was carried out to identify the reality of students' understanding of Korean traditional scientific knowledge (TSK), the educational contexts influenced their understanding of TSK, and their sense of value of TSK, through the science activity 'Being a commentator on Korean traditional scientific culture' as a way of finding direction to apply TSK to science education while maintaining the inherent meaning of our traditional science. Seventh grade students have discovered TSK contents in Changdeok Palace, prepared their own scripts for seven months, and finally, explained to fifth to sixth grade students. The video recordings of all lessons, scripts of explanation, reports of field activities, and individual interviews were all analyzed. Students understood TSK in four viewpoints: the traditional view of nature, the traditional science and technology, the traditional life using science, and the natural science contents. During their activities, communication with peers or elders both in classroom and in Changdeok Palace, the interaction with place, and the sense of responsibility as a commentator helped students understand the scientific aspects of TSK, form contextual and sensible scientific knowledge, and apprehend various scientific explanations of contents. Depending on their internalization of experiences, the students' experiences produced three types of interpretation: delivery, persuasion, and understanding. Students formed their TSK sense of value as scientific characteristics, the need of new perspective about science, the need to protect and maintain TSK as our culture. The results of this study show that TSK can provide integrated and actual contextual education in science education and can be used to understand the cultural diversity of scientific and scientific methods and the characteristics of oriental scientific thinking. In addition, the simultaneous approach of TSK and school science to traditional culture can contribute to ideal concept formation and subjective attitude toward our traditional culture.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.29
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• pp.1-36
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• 2012

The (2003) by Pixar, by succeeding at box office hit with good criticism, could be the film that made Pixar the most influential animation producer. Especially such character oriented narrative strategy, by raising the degree of characterizing and relationship, could made remarkable achievement as it is called a textbook of characterizing. This study focused on the inherent fear and desire of characters in . The inherent fear and desire were assumed to be the elements that strengthen characterizing and relationship more dynamically. In general, every single choice and behavior of human beings are likely to be depending on fear and desire, it is believed that human's life is dominated by those two elements. In this point, the characterizing of has three big features. It is that (1) it clearly described the fear inherent in characters and the effort to avoid the fear better than any other films of Pixar. (2) it strikingly accords with the interaction of characteristics of fear and desire established by Enneargram personality types. (3) the way of relieving fear of the main characters (Marlin and Nemo), as a unique feature of rescue and escape plot in which two characters are being apart, is not by interaction of characteristics of two main characters but is by characterizing the spiritual value supplementary to the deficiency of main character as sub character (Dory and Gill). In the previous study, , characterizing of panda 'Poe' is too outstanding and this fact is working as paradoxical limitation. On the other hand, set up of fear and desire of two main characters, Poe and Shifu and dynamics of characteristics are very delicate and effective. On the other hand, in the , in the course of settling down the conflicts between two main characters, father and son, it shows fresh and firm narrative structure with various characters and sub plots. However, though the degree of described fear and desire of main characters are very outstanding, it still reveals it limitation that the course of settlement is somewhat dependent. In conclusion, this study is considered to be another approach to animation characterizing, and also hopefully can be helpful in characterization and setting up relationships in the future.