• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2018

한라산 동부지역에 위치한 삼다수 숲길은 삼나무, 편백나무, 곰솔림과 낙엽활엽수림으로 이루어진 숲이다. 현재 삼다수 숲길이 조성되어 관리되고 있으나 식물에 대한 정보가 거의 없는 실정으로 식물상을 조사하여 관리의 기초자료로 삼고자 수행하였다. 조사는 2018년 03월부터 2018년 08월까지 총 10회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 조사 결과 삼다수 숲길에 생육하는 관속식물은 86과 183속 255종 11변종 4품종의 총 270분류군으로 조사되었다. 양치식물 12과 18속 30종 1변종 31분류군, 나자식물 2과 3속 3종 3분류군, 피자식물 72과 162속 222종 10변종 4품종으로 쌍자엽식물 64과 129속 176종 9변종 3품종 188분류군, 단자엽식물 8과 33속 46종 1변종 1품종 48분류군으로 구성되었다 이 중 한국특산식물은 5종, 제주특산식물 3종 외래식물이 13종 채집되었다. 식물구계학적특정식물은 5등급 3종, 4등급 11종, 3등급 23종, 2등급 12종, 1등급 26종 총 75종이 발견되었다. 국가 적색목록 식물은 위기(EN) 1분류군, 준위협(NT) 3분류군, 관심대상(LC) 4분류군, 미평가(NE) 2분류군이 조사되었다. 조사된 식물들의 휴면형은 H형이 62분류군으로 가장 많이 나타났고, MM형 40분류군, M형 31분류군, N형 29분류군, E형 3분류군, Ch형 22분류군, G형 51분류군, HH형 4분류군, Th형 28분류군으로 나타났다. 지하기관형은 R1 2분류군, R2 23분류군, R3 71분류군, R4 18분류군, R5 156분류군으로 R5가 57.85로 가장 높은 비율로 분포하였다. 산포기관형은 D4가 47.4%로 가장 높은 비율이였으며, 생육형(Growth form)은 직립형(e)이 53%로 가장 높은 비율로 분포 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2008

Landscape indices are effective tools to explain the spatial structure and patterns of ecological landscape including area/density, shape, core area, isolation/proximity, contagion/interspersion, and connectivity. More than 100 indices have been developed and an increasing amount of research explains changes in urban spaces using the indices. However, landscape indices have a high level of sensitivity to the scale of analysis - grain size and extent. If the scale sensitivity of indices is not considered, the research may produce inaccurate results. This study examines the scale sensitivity of landscape indices to find relatively stable indices in the complex geographical features of Korea. The scale sensitivity was analyzed using 20 categories of grain size and 41 categories of extent change. Landsat TM and ETM+ images of five years - 1985, 1991, 1996, 2000 and 2003 - were used, and 54 class level indices mounted on the FRAGSTATS program were examined. The results are as follows: First, according to the analysis of the scale sensitivity, 19 out of 54 class level indices were found to be stable to scale change. Second, the scale sensitivity was closely related to the green area ratio, and the typical threshold of change was $40{\sim}50%$. Third, among the 16 indices which were frequently used in the research in Korea, only 6 indices were relatively stable to the scale change. These results can be an effective basis for the selection of indices in the landscape ecology research in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2015

Plants and birds have symbiotic relationship as the birds eat the fruits and disperse its seeds from the different places. Because Brown-eared Bulbul eats various fruits, We investigated the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul and the distribution of these seeds. Surveys were conducted at several area throughout Jeju Island at least twice a month from 2013 to 2014. We identified the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul through observation, pictures and interviews from the local residents. Results showed that this species consumed fruits from 82 plant species, belonging to 38 plant families. Thirty nine percent(39%) of these plant species belong to the Rosaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Aquifoliaceae and Vitaceae and 33 species were classified as warm-temperate and subtropical plant which is 40% of the total plant species consumed. Two feeding types, which were gulper type and pecking type were observed for the Brown-eared Bulbul. It was also observed that this species preferred eating fruits of gulping type compared to that of pecking type. The average size of the fruits consumed through gulping was $8.92{\pm}3.41mm$ while it was $45.25{\pm}26.67mm$ for the pecker type. This bird species also consumed more fruits with globular shape compared to those of fruits with ellipse shape. For the fruit color, red and black-colored fruits were more preferred than yellow-colored fruits by Brown-eared Bulbul. Eaten frequency varied from 0.04 to 0.58 and the 10 fruits species were eaten frequently by Brown-eared Bulbul. This study would provide information for the role of Brown-eared Bulbul in the ecosystem as a seed dispersal agent.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.241-258
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• 1993

To investigate the sedimentary environments on the coastal areas of Imja to Nakweol islands which show very complex shorelines and several zonal sand ridges in NE-SW direction, southwestern coast of Korea, a total of forty samples were taken by a grab sampler and sedimentological and micropaleontological studies on those samples were carried out. The present study area are classified into muddy sandy gravel, sand, city sand, sandy silt and silt facies. With statistical moment parameters such as mean, sorting, skewness and ketosis for the sediments in the study area, the sediments are generally categorized as shallow sedimentary facies. The characters that are observed in quartz grains among the sandy sediments of the study area imply the existence of high energy environments, temporal exposures in atmosphere and the mixing of clastic sediments of the several different origins. In the sediments of the study area, one genera belonging to six silicoflagellata species and five genera belonging to five nannoplankton species were detected. On the basis of the micro-organism assemblage, the study area seems to be influenced by active reworking dominantly under warm water masses. In addition, organic matter ad carbonate contents in the sediments did not show a definite relation with the occurrences of the micro-organisms in the study area.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 1983

Effects of rice straw application (particularly application method; surface placement and deep placement) on the biological nitrogen fixing activity of paddy fields and on the growth of rice plant have been investigated by the lysimeter experiment with Aragawa alluvial soil and Tochigi ando soil. 1. Nitrogen fixing activity of plow layer (0~1cm) was increased by the rice straw application, notably by the phototrophs, both deep placement and surface placement, between 1 and 2 months of initial growth stage of rice plant. 2. Surface placement method stimulated the nitrogen fixing activity more significantly them the deep placement method, and also showed good effects on the growth of rice plant. 3. The increased of effect on the nitrogen fixing activity of surface placed area was found to be originated from the applied rice straw and its neigh bouring area. 4. Nitrogen fixing activity of surface placed rice straw was rather promoted by the application of herbicides (2, 4, 6-arichlorophenyl ether) than the non-applicated plot.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.134-153
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• 2008

The main purpose of the research is to illustrate the value of the spatial statistical approach to residential differentiation by providing a framework for exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) using a local spatial separation measure. ESDA aims, by utilizing a variety of statistical and cartographic visualization techniques, at seeking to detect patterns, to formulate hypotheses, and to assess statistical models for spatial data. The research is driven by a realization that ESDA based on local statistics has a great potential for substantive research. The main results are as follows. First, a local spatial separation measure is correspondingly derived from its global counterpart. Second, a set of significance testing methods based on both total and conditional randomization assumptions is provided for the local measure. Third, two mapping techniques, a 'spatial separation scatterplot map' and a 'spatial separation anomaly map', are devised for ESDA utilizing the local measure and the related significance tests. Fourth, a case study of residential differentiation between the highly educated and the least educated in major Korean metropolitan cities shows that the proposed ESDA techniques are beneficial in identifying bivariate spatial clusters and spatial outliers.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2012

At present, Seoul City is putting the bus exclusive lane system into practice according to mass transit revitalization policy. Starting with the installation of roadside bus exclusive lane in the past, at present, even the road sections for central- lane bus exclusive lane system are on the increase. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors giving impacts on bus accident on central bus exclusive lane and roadside bus exclusive lane. In case of the central bus exclusive lane, the 6 variables, such as the number of bus routes, number of access & entrance to central lanes patterns, whether the stop line of central lanes retreats or not, separated distance between the stop line of central lanes and crosswalks, traffic volume, and number of bus routes stopping at bus stops on reversible lanes, were found to have a significant influence on bus accidents. In case of roadside bus exclusive lane sections, the four variables such as the number of right-turn bus routes, whether to be chronic illegal parking & stopping, time for the walk signal, and forms of land use, etc. were found to have a significant influence on bus accident.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10B
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• pp.936-944
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• 2006

In order to enhance their own customer satisfaction index that is one of the top level managerial performance indices, Internet communication service providers endeavor onto establishing a total quality management system. Specifically, it is under discussion that some critical Internet communication network quality characteristics closely related to customer satisfaction index should be controlled aiming to this managerial goal. This paper presents an application scheme of I-MR control charts for monitoring Internet communication network quality characteristics. This statistical quality control scheme generates a signal to practitioners when it detects the network quality characteristics out-of control. It is designed based on; 1) individual measurements; and 2) moving ranges between two consecutive individual measurements collected with a constant time interval. Empirical analyses are illustrated to estimate the expected quality improvement ratios that can be realized with the application scheme proposed in this paper. Assuming that the assignable causes can be revealed and eradicated, regarding two Internet communication services A, B, seven network quality characteristics for each service, eleven distinct measuring spots for each network quality characteristic, the expected quality improvement ratios are calculated with which the effect of the application scheme is evaluated. Results show the ranges of the expected quality improvement ratios; 1) Service A, (1) mean (0.31%-11.44%), (2) standard deviation (9.82%-71.10%): 2) Service B, (1) mean (0.29%-17.64%), (2) standard deviation (8.05%-60.59%). Hence, It is anticipated that the I-MR control charts based application scheme can be effective not only to improving the mean and dispersion of the network quality characteristics concerned but also to maintaining the network quality characteristics in-control consequently.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.7-17
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• 2011

Traffic problems caused by drunk drivers have been steadily raised from the past. Even though the previous researches have focused on the development of countermeasures for preventing drunk driving, the number of drivers violating the DUI (Driving-Under-Influence) regulation is still increasing. Many studies seek countermeasures for preventing drunk driving by comparing the differences between general and drunk drivers. However, few researches have investigated focusing only on the characteristics of drunk drivers. It is well known that characteristics of general drivers are different from those of drunk drivers, and also habitual drunk drivers have different characteristics from non-habitual drunk drivers. Motivated by this fact, only the drivers who have violated DUI regulation are considered in the analysis. This study primarily aims to provide alternative solutions for reducing habitual drunk drivers who are highly inclined to do drunk driving repeatedly. For the analysis, various types of variables potentially effecting drunk driving behavior were investigated, and then truncated count data models were developed to analyze the effects of the variables selected on drunk driving. The results showed that 1) a truncated negative binomial model is better fitted to the data; and 2) five variables including experiential learning, the lack of self-control, self-reflection, the fear of crackdown, and the level of dependence on vehicles were found to be statistically significant.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2013

The Taebaegsan region and its vicinities mainly consist of Precambrian granitic gneisses and Cambrian meta-sedimentary rocks. And lots of leucocratic(alkali) granites smaller than the stocks are found here and there. Therefore the presence of leuco-granites is not properly described yet in the former studies. For the effective distinction of several granitic rocks, outcrop characteristics, mineral identification, and petro-chemical properties were studied. Some part of granitc gneisses could be classified into typical metamorphic rocks such as migmatites and banded gneisses. And some shows rather dark appearance with gray quartz and feldspars, and others two mica granites, leucocratic ones etc. But all of leucocratic granites of the region usually show bright milky white to beige color. Since they mainly consist of quartz, feldspars, muscovite, and small amounts of sericites, amphiboles, tourmaline and lepidolite. And all of alkali granites belong to the calc-alkalic, peraluminous and S-type in character. During magmatic differentiation of leucocratic granites, CaO and total Fe contents are clearly decreased than those of the older granitic rocks. On the other hand, magmatic evolution also had induced the greisenization and albitization which enriched the relative amounts of alkali elements such as $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$.