• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2020

This study attempted to understand the characteristics of images of scientific experiments represented and consumed on YouTube, a representative of today's new media. In particular, this paper analyzes the case studies of YouTube's hydrogen peroxide decomposition experiment based on Baudrillard's theory of Simulation and Simulacra, which discusses the strong status of images and the ambiguity of the boundary between virtual and reality. A total of 14 YouTube videos related to hydrogen peroxide decomposition experiments were analyzed. In those videos, hydrogen peroxide decomposition experiments were typically conducted with several signs representing scientific experiments, but the most important sign in the videos were bubbles produced through experiments. For more public consumption of the content, the bubbles resulted from hydrogen peroxide decomposition reproduced in YouTube have been transformed into a more spectacular image as 'super-huge' and 'explosive' bubble. Considering the influence of new media that can be accessed by students anytime and anywhere, it is positive that science experiments in new media enhance students' intimacy and access to science. At the same time, however, it is also important to note the danger that the purpose of scientific experiments will be limited to only 'showing specular images', due to the nature of new media, which mainly deals with immediate and superficial images. Furthermore, this study argues that improving students' science media literacy is required to critically examine the science-related images represented in the new media based on understanding the characteristics and limitations of new media that deeply affect daily life.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.207-222
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• 2023

In order to improve employment rates, most universities operate programs to strengthen students' employment and entrepreneurship, regardless of whether they are selected as the Leading Industry-Innovative University (LINC) or not. In particular, in the case of non-metropolitan universities are risking their lives to improve employment rates. In order to overcome the limitations of university establishment type and university location, which absolutely affect the employment rate, we are operating a startup education & startup support program in order to strengthen employment and entrepreneurship, and capstone design & field training as industry-academia-linked education programs are always available. Although there are studies on effectiveness verification centered on LINC (Leaders in Industry-University Cooperation) in previous studies, but a longitudinal study was conducted on all factors of university factors, startup education & startup support, and capstone design & field training as industry-university-linked education programs as factors affecting the employment rate based on public disclosure indicators. No cases of longitudinal studies were reported. This study targets 116 universities that satisfy the conditions based on university disclosure indicators from 2018 to 2020 that were recently released on university factors, startup education & startup support, and capstone design & field training as industry-academia-linked education programs as factors affecting the employment rate. We analyzed the differences between the LINC (Leaders in Industry-University Cooperation) 51 participating universities and 64 non-participating universities. In addition, considering that there is no historical information on the overlapping participation of participating students due to the limitations of public indicators, the Exposure Effect theory states that long-term exposure to employment and entrepreneurship competency enhancement programs will affect the employment rate through competency enhancement. Based on this, the effectiveness of the 2nd LINC+ (socially customized Leaders in Industry-University Cooperation) was verified from 2017 to 2021 through a longitudinal causal relationship analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that the startup education & startup support and capstone design & field training as industry-academia-linked education programs of the 2nd LINC+ (socially customized Leaders in Industry-University Cooperation) did not affect the employment rate. As a result of the longitudinal causal relationship analysis, it was reconfirmed that universities in metropolitan areas still have higher employment rates than universities in non-metropolitan areas due to existing university factors, and that private universities have higher employment rates than national universities. Among employment and entrepreneurship competency strengthening programs, the number of people who complete entrepreneurship courses, the number of people who complete capstone design, the amount of capstone design payment, and the number of dedicated faculty members partially affect the employment rate by year, while field training has no effect at all by year. It was confirmed that long-term exposure to the entrepreneurship capacity building program did not affect the employment rate. Therefore, it was reconfirmed that in order to improve the employment rate of universities, the limitations of non-metropolitan areas and national and public universities must be overcome. To overcome this, as a program to strengthen employment and entrepreneurship capabilities, it is important to strengthen entrepreneurship through participation in entrepreneurship lectures and actively introduce and be confident in the capstone design program that strengthens the concept of PBL (Problem Based Learning), and the field training program improves the employment rate. In order for actually field training affect of the employment rate, it is necessary to proceed with a substantial program through reorganization of the overall academic system and organization.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-63
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• 2012

In franchise business, exclusive sales territory (sometimes EST in table) protection is a very important issue from an economic, social and political point of view. It affects the growth and survival of both franchisor and franchisee and often raises issues of social and political conflicts. When franchisee is not familiar with related laws and regulations, franchisor has high chance to utilize it. Exclusive sales territory protection by the manufacturer and distributors (wholesalers or retailers) means sales area restriction by which only certain distributors have right to sell products or services. The distributor, who has been granted exclusive sales territories, can protect its own territory, whereas he may be prohibited from entering in other regions. Even though exclusive sales territory is a quite critical problem in franchise business, there is not much rigorous research about the reason, results, evaluation, and future direction based on empirical data. This paper tries to address this problem not only from logical and nomological validity, but from empirical validation. While we purse an empirical analysis, we take into account the difficulties of real data collection and statistical analysis techniques. We use a set of disclosure document data collected by Korea Fair Trade Commission, instead of conventional survey method which is usually criticized for its measurement error. Existing theories about exclusive sales territory can be summarized into two groups as shown in the table below. The first one is about the effectiveness of exclusive sales territory from both franchisor and franchisee point of view. In fact, output of exclusive sales territory can be positive for franchisors but negative for franchisees. Also, it can be positive in terms of sales but negative in terms of profit. Therefore, variables and viewpoints should be set properly. The other one is about the motive or reason why exclusive sales territory is protected. The reasons can be classified into four groups - industry characteristics, franchise systems characteristics, capability to maintain exclusive sales territory, and strategic decision. Within four groups of reasons, there are more specific variables and theories as below. Based on these theories, we develop nine hypotheses which are briefly shown in the last table below with the results. In order to validate the hypothesis, data is collected from government (FTC) homepage which is open source. The sample consists of 1,896 franchisors and it contains about three year operation data, from 2006 to 2008. Within the samples, 627 have exclusive sales territory protection policy and the one with exclusive sales territory policy is not evenly distributed over 19 representative industries. Additional data are also collected from another government agency homepage, like Statistics Korea. Also, we combine data from various secondary sources to create meaningful variables as shown in the table below. All variables are dichotomized by mean or median split if they are not inherently dichotomized by its definition, since each hypothesis is composed by multiple variables and there is no solid statistical technique to incorporate all these conditions to test the hypotheses. This paper uses a simple chi-square test because hypotheses and theories are built upon quite specific conditions such as industry type, economic condition, company history and various strategic purposes. It is almost impossible to find all those samples to satisfy them and it can't be manipulated in experimental settings. However, more advanced statistical techniques are very good on clean data without exogenous variables, but not good with real complex data. The chi-square test is applied in a way that samples are grouped into four with two criteria, whether they use exclusive sales territory protection or not, and whether they satisfy conditions of each hypothesis. So the proportion of sample franchisors which satisfy conditions and protect exclusive sales territory, does significantly exceed the proportion of samples that satisfy condition and do not protect. In fact, chi-square test is equivalent with the Poisson regression which allows more flexible application. As results, only three hypotheses are accepted. When attitude toward the risk is high so loyalty fee is determined according to sales performance, EST protection makes poor results as expected. And when franchisor protects EST in order to recruit franchisee easily, EST protection makes better results. Also, when EST protection is to improve the efficiency of franchise system as a whole, it shows better performances. High efficiency is achieved as EST prohibits the free riding of franchisee who exploits other's marketing efforts, and it encourages proper investments and distributes franchisee into multiple regions evenly. Other hypotheses are not supported in the results of significance testing. Exclusive sales territory should be protected from proper motives and administered for mutual benefits. Legal restrictions driven by the government agency like FTC could be misused and cause mis-understandings. So there need more careful monitoring on real practices and more rigorous studies by both academicians and practitioners.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.261-267
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• 2003

사회의 빠른 변화 속에서 지자체가 처리해야 할 정보의 양과 행정수요는 점점 증가하고 있으며, 의사결정과 기획을 위한 정보망과 정보시스템의 활용 계획을 수립하여야 하는 필요성은 더욱 증대되고 있다. 도시정보체계(UIS)의 구축은 의사결정의 효율적인 도구로 각광받아 대다수 지자체에서 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 지자체 행정업무의 70～80%가 공간정보와 연계되어 있다는 막연한 기대감에서 출발한 현재의 도시정보체계(UIS) 구축사업은 단지공간정보 관리 중심의 시스템 개발에 치우치게 되었으며, 시설물 관리 분야에 대한 사업을 이미 수행한 지자체에서는 향후 어떠한 사업들을 전개해야 할 지에 대한 보다 다양하고 구체적인 비전을 가지지 못하고 있는 것이 우리의 현실이 아닌가라는 우려를 하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도시정보체계(UIS)의 새로운 비전 수립을 위해서는 막연하게 제시되고 있는 공간정보 관련성 분석을 보다 세분화하여 수행할 수 있는 공간정보 관련성 분석 모형을 제시함으로써 지자체 도시정보체계(UIS) 구축사업의 현재를 돌아보고 보다 발전적인 새로운 사업추진의 시각을 고찰해보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 지자체 업무영역에 대한 보다 세분화된 공간정보의 관련성 분석을 위해 공간정보를 업무관점, 업무-정보산출물 관점, 데이터구축관점, 정보관점, 서비스관점으로 세분화여 하여 접근하였으며, 이를 종합하여 최종적인 공간정보 관련성 분석 모형을 구성하였다. 또한 지속적인 도시정보체계(UIS) 사업의 추진을 위해 시간적 개념의 변화 양상을 제시함으로써 GIS의 발달단계에 따라 어떠한 부분에 비중을 둔 사업의 추진이 이루어져야 하는지에 대해서 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 시설물 관리 중심의 도시기반정보화에 편중된 도시정보체계의 구축사업의 시각이 행정정보화, 생활정보화, 산업정보화 등 다양한 분야와 결합하여 보다 큰 시너지 효과와 사용자 중심의 서비스 개선을 창출할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 것을 기대해 본다.. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, ${\beta}$-glucan은 고용량일 때 직접적으로 또는 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 존재시에는 저용량에서도 복강 큰 포식세로를 활성화시킬 뿐 아니라, 탐식효율도 높임으로써 면역기능을 증진 시키는 것으로 나타났고, 그 효과는 crude ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출조건에 따라 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다.eveloped. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.and momentum balance was applied to the fluid field of bundle. while the movement of′ individual material was taken into account. The constitutive model relating the surface force and the deformation of bundle was introduced by considering a representative prodedure that stands for the bundle movement. Then a fundamental equations system could be simplified considering a steady state of the process. On the basis of the simplified model, the simulation was performed and the results could be confirmed by the experiments under various conditions.뢰, 결속 등 다차원의 개념에 대한 심도 깊은 연구와 최근 제기되고 있는 이론의 확대도 필요하다. 마지막으로 신뢰와 결속에 영향을 미치는 요소간의 개념적 분류, 차이의 검증, 영향력 등

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.269-281
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• 2018

Many organizations are threatened by numerous information security attacks which are resulting in information security incidents. To prevent information security incidents, organizations invest on various information security measures like information security products, monitoring services and security training and educations. However they do not have enough knowledge about measurable utilities of information security investments. Since there is little studies empirically examining the effect of information security investments, this research aims to find out utilities of information security investment. We especially focuse on information security service investments. This study examined the data from the survey on information security for business sector which was conducted by Korean information & security agency. We utilized negative binomial regression model, which is a suitable model for over-dispersed count data. We found out that an investment on information security education and vulnerability testing have direct impact on reducing information security incidents. This research academically contributed to shed light on the utility of information security investments on reducing information security incidents. This research practically contributed to providing information security investment guideline for organizations which want to reduce information security incidents efficiently.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.53-67
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the level of physical activity and identify factors influencing physical activity of first and second year nursing students. The participants were 234 female first and second year nursing students at one nursing college located in U city. Data were collected from September 5 to 15 in 2016 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\breve{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 22.0. The average level of physical activity measured by the Korean version of the Godin-Shephard Liesure-Time Exercise Questionnaire was 9.09(range 0-80). According to the physical activity group classified by leisure score index, there were 25 students(10.7%) in the active group, 31 students (13.2%) in the moderately active group, and 178 students(76.1%) in the insufficiently active group. Factors influencing the level of physical activity were intention to participate in physical activity and habit to physical activity, which together explained 21.2% of the total variance in physical activity. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary to develop and apply a physical activity program enhancing intention and habit to physical activity for first and second year nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.201-221
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• 2003

This paper aims to examine whether there are significant differences in various aspects of a household's arrangements by type of employment of married woman; 1) the extent of the division of labor, 2) the authority of decision making, and 3) financial and expenditure responsibilities. It also investigates the determinants of gender equality in the family. Based on data collected in the fall of 2002 from a representative sample of the Korean population, this study finds that nonstandard employment of married woman including temporary work and daily basis work does not contribute to gender equality within the household, although most of nonstandard employees are full-time workers. However, standard employment of married woman contribute to gender equality in the family. The results of this study show that husbands whose wives are standard-employed are more likely to take part in housework chores that are female-dominated, and standardly employed wives are more likely than non-standardly employed or housewives to take part in the household's financial and expenditure responsibilities. Standardly employed wives also have more power in decision making process within households. On the contrary, non-standardly employed wives gain no advantage over housewives within their families, due to lack of bargaining resources that enable them to affect the household's arrangements. Thus, they have confronted additional burdens, which stem from carrying the dual role of doing house work as well as paid work. Such increasing work-family conflict may bring about disruption of family. Therefore, this study maintains that it is high time that government-level efforts should be made in order to improve the status of irregularly employed wives in the workplace.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the stages of change of exercise in middle-aged men who work. 170 middle-aged men who work surveyed, 40 to 59 years old, is residing, Chung-Buk and Chung-Nam province, who understand the purpose of this study and agree to participate in this study. This study data is analyzed by using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, 𝑥² test and Logistic regression analysis. The study show that the exercise self-efficacy(𝛽=.965, p=.003) and the perceived health status(𝛽=.805, p=.025) among middle aged men who work have an effect on the stages of change of exercise meaningfully. That is, the exercise self-efficacy of middle aged men who work who have exercise behavior is 2.6 times higher than middle aged men at work who don't have exercise behavior, and the perceived health status is 2.2 times higher. This study suggests that the development of better exercise practice for middle aged men who work should be aimed at promoting exercise self-efficacy and perceived health status, Based on this, it is necessary to find ways to operate exercise programs at the workplace and community level.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2013

Given the proliferation of social network services, it has become important to understand its user's continued use behavior. As users' privacy concerns in SNS have been identified as a critical barrier against forming this continued intention, many studies have focused on inducing continued intention by mitigating privacy concerns. However, this paper suggests to approach users' continued intention not only from the perspective of mitigating privacy concerns but also from the perspective of increasing potential benefits. Under the theoretical framework of privacy calculus model, we conducted cross sectional survey on 150 Facebook and 150 KakaoTalk users. The result suggests that trust mediates the relationships between privacy concerns and continued intention and between network externality and continued intention, and the influence of support for network formation on continued intention. The effect of network externality on continued intention, however, is not significant among Facebook users while it is significant among KakaoTalk users.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

This study investigates the garden vision of the Ancient Rome, focusing on garden literature in the Natural History by Pliny the Elder. Ancient Roman garden's types, character, and forms greatly influenced the development of later Western gardens, to which the practical and professional texts of Pliny the Elder and others contributed. This study explores the garden visions projected in these texts, with an introduction of Roman garden forms and stylistic features. The Natural History and other garden and agricultural texts written during the Ancient Roman period are characterized by their focus on practical production spaces rather than abstract nature or garden art. In the Natural History, Pliny described botanics in terms of usefulness rather than pleasure, and his discussion is premised on the practical hortus. In ancient Roman society, gardens were not only spaces for practical production and relaxation, and places to reproduce or realize the ideals of Roman rulers and intellectuals, including Pliny. They shared the episteme that sought to encompass knowledge of the entire world they ruled and, in doing so, realize their vision of the Roman Empire. Through the Natural History, Pliny sought to embrace useful knowledges of his time into the vast civilized world of the Roman Empire, and the garden was an important place to practice this ideal.