The Study on Gender Equality in the Family by Type of Employment of Married Woman

기혼여성의 고용형태에 따른 가정내 성평등에 관한 연구

This paper aims to examine whether there are significant differences in various aspects of a household's arrangements by type of employment of married woman; 1) the extent of the division of labor, 2) the authority of decision making, and 3) financial and expenditure responsibilities. It also investigates the determinants of gender equality in the family. Based on data collected in the fall of 2002 from a representative sample of the Korean population, this study finds that nonstandard employment of married woman including temporary work and daily basis work does not contribute to gender equality within the household, although most of nonstandard employees are full-time workers. However, standard employment of married woman contribute to gender equality in the family. The results of this study show that husbands whose wives are standard-employed are more likely to take part in housework chores that are female-dominated, and standardly employed wives are more likely than non-standardly employed or housewives to take part in the household's financial and expenditure responsibilities. Standardly employed wives also have more power in decision making process within households. On the contrary, non-standardly employed wives gain no advantage over housewives within their families, due to lack of bargaining resources that enable them to affect the household's arrangements. Thus, they have confronted additional burdens, which stem from carrying the dual role of doing house work as well as paid work. Such increasing work-family conflict may bring about disruption of family. Therefore, this study maintains that it is high time that government-level efforts should be made in order to improve the status of irregularly employed wives in the workplace.

본 연구는 기혼여성의 고용형태(정규직, 비정규직, 전업주부)에 따라 가사업무 수행주체, 가정내 다양한 사안에 관한 의사결정권 행사주체, 및 자금관리와 운용권 보유주체에 있어, 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 고찰함으로써 고용형태에 따른 가정내 성평등 기여도를 살펴보았다. 또한 기존의 이론을 기초로, 어떠한 요인들이 한국 가정의 성평등에 영향을 미치는 결정요인인지를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 기혼여성의 정규직 근로만이 가정내 여성역할 변화에 실질적인 영향을 미쳐 가정내 성평등에 기여하고 있음을 보여준다. 하지만 임시직과 일용직을 포함한 비정규직 기혼여성 근로자는 비록 종일제 근무를 하고 있더라도 전업주부와 마찬가지로 가정내에서 성평등을 누리지 못함에 따라 직장과 가정에서 요구하는 이중의 역할에 있어 정규직 근로자보다 더 큰 갈등을 겪게 된다. 한편 여러 변수들 가운데 부인의 학력과 남편임금 대비 임금수준이 가사분담 수준, 가계자금운용의 책임과 권한 및 자금외적인 영역의 의사결정권에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 "자원가설"을 지지하였다.