• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2005

Latent Class model has been considered recently by many researchers and practitioners as a tool for identifying heterogeneous segments or groups in a population, and grouping objects into the segments. In this paper we consider data on prostate cancer patients from Korean National Cancer Institute and propose a method for grouping prostate cancer patients by using latent class Poisson model. A Bayesian approach equipped with a Markov chain Monte Carlo method is used to overcome the limit of classical likelihood approaches. Advantages of the proposed Bayesian method are easy estimation of parameters with their standard errors, segmentation of objects into groups, and provision of uncertainty measures for the segmentation. In addition, we provide a method to determine an appropriate number of segments for the given data so that the method automatically chooses the number of segments and partitions objects into heterogeneous segments.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 2007

목 적 : 흡연에 따른 건강적 피해가 많이 알려져 있음에도 불구하고 특히 여성 및 청소년 계층의 흡연이 증가하고 있으며 폐암 사망자수는 급격히 늘어나고 있는 상황이다. 완전한 금연이 실패하는 주요 이유는 담배의 중독성에서 비롯되며 금단현상을 극복하지 못해 일어나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 흡연의 중독성은 담배 주요성분 중의 하나인 니코틴(nicotine)에 의해 유발되며 따라서 모든 금연 요법 및 금연 치료보조제 들은 이 니코틴 작용을 어떻게 효과적으로 억제 또는 대체하느냐에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 최근 금연치료 요법으로 한방 침이 주목 받고 있으며 본 논문을 통해 한방 침의 금연효과에 대한 신경학적 기전을 고찰하고자 한다. 방 법 : 금연을 돕는 전형적인 보조 치료제 및 치료법이 몇 종류 개발되어 사용 중에 있으며 대표적으로 니코틴 대체 요법(nicotine replacement therapy, NRT)이나 항우울제로 사용되는 bupropion 등을 들 수 있다. 이 치료 방법들은 뇌의 도파민계 신경전달 체계에 영향을 미쳐 금연 효과를 발휘하게 되는데 실질적인 금연성공확률은 그리 높지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다 따라서 침의 자극에 대한 도파민계 신경전달 조절효과를 중심으로 고찰함으로써 침의 금연효과에 대한 의과학적 기전을 설명하고자 하였다. 결 과 : 침자극은 우수한 금연효과를 가져올 수 있는 치료법으로 기존의 금연 치료요법 및 치료제 들을 보완할 수 있는 보다 확실한 치료요법 중의 하나이며 특히 금연 후에 오는 금단현상을 효과적으로 완화시키는 작용을 한다. 그리고 이 같은 효과는 부분적으로 도파민계를 비롯한 신경전달계를 조절함으로써 가능한 것으로 판단된다. 결 론 : 본 논문을 통해 니코틴에 의한 금단현상의 신경학적 기전과 금연과 관련된 신경전달체계에 대한 침자극의 효능에 대해 고찰하였으며 기존의 금연보조치료법을 대체할 수 있는 우수한 의학적 치료법으로써의 침치료법을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

This paper addresses the correlation between the flood damage cost and recovery cost. National data (15 regions) for 20 years, panel data, has been analyzed for this test. Model specification of panel data analysis depends on the characteristics of data set and "fixed" or "random" effects model can be used. The results are represented in both models. As we expected all independent variables show positive relationship with recovery cost, except for the number of death and suffers. The damage of public facilities, such as rivers and road are the major factors on the damage and recovery cost, which means that flood damage can not be decreased without decreasing damages of public facilities from floods. Especially, the recovery cost is always higher than the damage cost and investment for flood control. Unlikely, government investment for flood control is the highest and recovery cost is the always lower than da mage cost andinvestment in Japan. Which means that proper investment can reduce economic damage cost of flood and recovery cost.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 1999

The increasing interest in the use of Automated Speed Enforcement (ASE) systems in Korea enables to enforce speed violation by National Police Agency. We have analyzed the mechanism of ASE systems on traffic safety throughout Korea. 1 The data collected on a 2km road-section of each 32 ASE stations during one rear period indicate significant safety improvement. The results were (a) a decrease in the total number of accidents of 28%, (b) a decrease in the number of fatalities of 60%. 2. The study also that ASE systems are effective to reduce average speed, speed variance, and short headway. 3. Based on the operational data collected at 15 locations, an aggregate safety prediction model is proposed as a multiple regressions form. The primary operational variables that appear to affect the frequencies of accident are : average speed, speed variance, and the number of vehicles exceeding 30km/h of posted speed limit.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2021

The number of traffic accidents is about 230,000, and due to non-recurring congestion and high driving speed, the number of deaths per traffic accident on freeways is more than twice compared to other roads. Currently, traffic information is provided based on nodes and links using the centerline of the road, but it does not provide detailed speed information. Recently, installing sensors for vehicles to monitor obstacles and measure location is becoming common not only for autonomous vehicles but also for ordinary vehicles as well. The analysis using large-capacity location-based data from such sensors enables real time service according to processing speed. This study presents an mapping method for individual vehicle data analysis based on space. The processing speed of large-capacity data was increased by using method which applied a quaternary notation basis partition method that splits into two directions of longitude and latitude respectively. As the space partition was processed, the average speed was similar, but the speed standard deviation gradually decreased, and decrease range became smaller after 9th partition.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.269-291
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this article is to analyze the tendency and characteristics in armed conflict in post-Cold War era on the basis of Uppsala conflict data program(UCDP) datasets. The collapse of bipolarity and the end of cold War proved a watershed in the dynamics of international conflict. The major shift in the nature of conflict has been away from interstate conflict, leaving intrastate conflict. Major powers have acted carefully against each other and been willing to understand the interests of other to avoid military confrontation and crash. As the means of termination for armed conflict, there is a stronger emphasis on the peace settlement like peace agreement and ceasefire agreement than military victory. Many intrastate conflicts become internationalized, through the involvement of diaspora communities, or regionalized through a spillover effect into neighboring countries. Since the end of the Cold War, the UN has taken a much more active role in conflict management and conflict resolution.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.68-83
• /
• 2019

The number of pedestrian traffic accident fatalities is three times the number of car accidents in South Korea. Serious accidents are caused especially at intersections when the vehicle turns to their right. Various pedestrian collision warning services have been developed, but they are insufficient to prevent dangerous pedestrians. In this study, P2CWS is developed to warn approaching vehicles based on the pedestrians' characteristics. In order to evaluate the performance of the service, actual pedestrian data were collected at the intersection of Daejeon, and comparative analysis was carried out according to pedestrian characteristics. As a result, the performance analysis showed a higher accordance when the characteristics of the pedestrian is considered. Accordingly, we can conclude that identifying pedestrian characteristics in predicting the pedestrian crossing is important.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.333-342
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study proposes a plan for linking the Severe Accident Punishment Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Management System so that SMEs can meet the requirements of the Severe Accident Punishment Act only by maintaining and implementing the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. Method: Conduct a theoretical approach, such as a literature review. First, as a theoretical approach, the safety and health management system of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act was examined, the requirements of ISO 45001 were analyzed, and the statistics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 5 to 49 to which the 2024 Serious Accidents Punishment Act was applied and the number of accident deaths were investigated. Result: No problems were found in linking with the Serious Accident Punishment Act when constructing Occupational health and safety management systems (ISO 45001). Conclusion: It is judged that the establishment of Occupational health and safety management systems (ISO 45001) and management of implementation performance will be able to satisfy the Act on the Punishment of Serious Disasters.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.847-856
• /
• 2016

Recently, with a high level of economic growth, rapid urbanization, population, environment and housing problems were accompanied in Korea. In particular, the traffic problem has become a serious social problem. As the current transportation policy has been carried out, concentrating on traffic flow, in 2015, death rate for pedestrians while walking (1,795 persons) is 38.8% compared to entire death rate in car accident (4,621 persons), so there is need to solve it. Although, crosswalk should make pedestrian cross it safely, it has been made on the basis of the width of road without exact standard for current width of the crosswalk and the location of stop line. Moreover, in the area around many campuses or commercial facilities, crosswalks are set with not considering pedestrian passage, but designed uniformly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate reasonable dimension of crosswalk considering pedestrian traffic and walking speed and it makes the accident rate lower in the crosswalk, which has a lot of problems including decisions of vehicle traffic signal time, lack of pedestrian's signal timing, pedestrian's crossing of long-distance. The following are the methodology of the study. Firstly, for crosswalk calculation of specifications, examination relating existing regulations and researches dealing with crosswalk, pedestrians and stop line is needed. After analyzing problems of current width of crosswalk and stop line, present the methodology to calculation of specifications and basing on these things, calculation of specifications for crosswalk will be decided. In conclusion, the calculation of specification and improvement of stop line for crosswalk laid out in this study are expected to be utilized as base data in case of establishing relevant safety facilities and standards.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.166-175
• /
• 1977

The author have performed an epidemiological study on the accidental deaths at industry from 1970 to 1975, in order to seek for the preventive measures of industrial accident with the under-standing of its cause and characteristics of the accidental deaths. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Total number of deaths for 6 years were 361 (350 males, 11 females). and the mean death rate was 33.8 per 100,000 industrial workers during 6 years. By the highest as 52.9 was in 1974 and the lowest as 13.7 in 1970. By the industry group, the death rate of Electricity, Gas and Water was 149.3, Construction 83.9 and the lowest was Manufacturing as 18.3. 2. Standardized mortality rate of the cases by the age group showed that 20-29 years old group was 43.0, 40-49 years old group 38.1, 30-39 years old group 32.0, and the lowest as 17.9 was under 19 years old group. 3. The cumulative percentage of the cases by years of service showed that under 6 months was 60.4%, under 1 year 72.9%, under 2 years 83.1%. 4. By the month of occurrence, the highest was 15.8% which occurred in August and the lowest was 5.8% in February. The highest as 19.1% was on Friday and the lowest as 11.9% on Monday by the day of a week. 5. By the causes of accident, car accidents was 28.3%, fall accidents 19.1%, accidents by a crash 9.1% in that order. By the location of injury, head was 44.6%, multiple injuries 33.0%, chest 10.5%, and back was the lowest as 1.9%. The distribution of the cases by nature of injury shelved that cerebral contusion and hemorrhage was 39.4%, fracture and dislocation 33.2%, asphyxia 8.0% in that order. 6. The cumulative percentage of the cases by the duration from injury to death showed that the injuried day was 74.2%, within 3 days after injury 88.5%, within 7 days 96.1%. Therefore most of the cases were occurred within 7 days after injury. 7. Byythe daily mean wages, most of the cases as 91.7% were under 2,000 won, and more 4,000 won was 1.6% merely.