• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 2009

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for Natural monumental old trees in Korea through survey of tree vigor and analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province were surveyed. The biological characteristics were surveyed with 4 items of species, ages and height of trees. The surrounding environments were surveyed with 2 items of location types and surroundings. The root conditions were surveyed with 2 items of denudation and molding depth. The health conditions were surveyed with 5 items of withering rate, cavity size, bark breakaway rate, damages by blight and insects, and growing tips. The soil conditions were surveyed with 6 items of PH, organic contents, valid phosphoric acid, transposal cations(K, Ca) and soil compaction. On the basis of outcomes of these research items, mutual relations among locations, growings and soil conditions of old trees were analyzed by carring out cross tabulation, correlation, and simple and multiple regression. Management guidelines were presented searching the factors effecting on the health of the monumental old trees. On the biological characteristics, the old trees designated as natural monuments were Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees). Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus mongolica, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 4.2 to 39.2m, and root collar rounds ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. On the surrounding environments, The location types ; Gardens(4), historical sites(5), residental sections(3) open agricultural fields(3), mountain hills(3), and near ocean beaches(1) and stream site(1). The surroundings ; 75% denudation of roots, molded more than 10cm except 4 trees(25%). On the health conditions, 1)Withering rate ; Ginkgo biloba(20%) in Yongmoon temple, (5%) in Saki-ri, kanwha-gun, and others had no withering rate. 2) Cavity size ; all subject had $5{\sim}100cm^3$ of cavity. 3) Bark breakaway rate ; Pinus bungeana in Soosong-dong, in the shrine of Confucius, in Samchung-dong, especially high rate of cavity(5~50%) in Seoul area and in Saki-ri, Kangwha-gun were high 45% brakeaway rate. 4) Damages by blight and insects was slight due to managements. 5Growing tips ; In cases of Juniperus chinensis in Changdeok palace and SunnogDang, seoul, growing tips were 1/2, presumably cause by air pollution, and in cases of Fraxinus rhynchophylla in Paju city and Pinus densiflora in BacksaDorip-ri, Icheon city, growing tips were fine, presumably because there were no moldings. On the Soil conditions, Soil pH ranged from 5.2 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12% to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm( among them, Denudation was severe with 21~28mm soil compactions in cases of Pinus bungeana in Soosong -dong, Thuja orientalis in Samchung -dong, Ginkgo biloba in the shrine of Confucius and in Yongmoon temple.) Results of cross tabulation, correlation, and regression analysis showed that molding depth was the most serious factor to deteriorate the tree vigor and cambium conductivity. In addition, soil acidity, organic matter contents, disease and insect damages and cambial detachment were also related to the tree vigor. Additional research of these relationships will be needed to conduct more detailed studies. Based on the relationships between the tree vigor and growing environments, it is considered that old trees should be managed to give them more growing spaces and less abuses. Also, molded soils should be removed and further soil-molding around the tree collar should be prohibited. For the construction of systematic management and removal of harmful factors, appropriative management according to spices, persistent monitering of damaged cases and construction of management system through the accumulation of data on the relationships of soil conditions are required.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.387-408
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• 2014

South Korea already became an aging society, and is now in the process of becoming an aged society. With increasing elderly population, elderly safety issues such as traffic accidents and elderly suicides are becoming important problems. Elderly victimization are increasing, and elderly safety accident is also becoming an imporotant social problem. The police is doing various activities for elderly safety. The police is conducting programs for the elderly, such as a prevention program for fraud against elderly, and safety checks and traffic safety education for preventing elderly traffic accidents. Also, there's a program of providing regular visits for a lone elderly, expansion of CCTV network and fingerprint registration to prevent elderlies with Alzheimer's disease going missing. However, these programs are not done on a national scale, but rather limited to local police stations. The purpose of this study is to seek police roles for enhancing elderly safety, due to lack of police activity in this area. Recommendation for police roles in enhancing elderly safety is to first conduct routine crackdowns on fraud against elderly and also conduct education programs for preventing fraud. Also, crimes such as elderly abuse is lead by elderly protection agencies, but considering elderly abuse is a crime, the police should take a leading role. Also, to prevent elderly suicide, meticulous management of elderlies with high suicide risk is necessary, and elderly protection areas should be designated to prevent traffic accidents. Also, elderlies should be induced to turn in their driver's license. To conduct these matters of elderly safety, an organization exclusively charged with elderly safety is necessary. Elderly safety is a broad concept, and since police alone cannot handle the task of ensuring elderly safety, the police should take on a leading role in cooperative efforts with various institutions of the government, non-profit organizations and the community to establish a social saftey net for elderly safety.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2017

In recent years, by utilizing the greatest strengths of process mining, the various research activities have been actively progressed to use auditing work of business organization. On the other hand, there is insufficient research on systematic and efficient analysis of massive data generated under big data environment using process mining, and proactive monitoring of risk management from audit side, which is one of important management activities of corporate organization. In this study, we intend to realize Hadoop-based internal audit integrated real-time monitoring system in order to detect the abnormal symptoms in prevent accidents in advance. Through the integrated real-time monitoring system for purchasing audit, we intend to realize strengthen the delivery management of purchasing materials ordered, reduce cost of purchase, manage competitive companies, prevent fraud, comply with regulations, and adhere to internal control accounting system. As a result, we can provide information that can be immediately executed due to enhanced purchase audit integrated real-time monitoring by analyzing data efficiently using process mining via Hadoop-based systems. From an integrated viewpoint, it is possible to manage the business status, by processing a large amount of work at a high speed faster than the continuous monitoring, the effectiveness of the quality improvement of the purchase audit and the innovation of the purchase process appears.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.35
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• pp.37-62
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• 2013

One of the organizational characteristics in the modern society is the emphasis placed upon individual autonomy in an effort to promote and develop each member's morale as well as the efficiency in personnel management. Therefore, it can be understood that the importance of "Self" is recognized in work places and the leadership of supervisors and each member's self-management and control are also emphasized, leading to establishment of the "Self-leadership" concept. In this study, the effect of the Transformational Leadership of the supervisors on the subordinates' Self-leadership was analyzed and the causal factor of organizational support in the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Self-leadership was defined. A survey was conducted with 182 security officials at the National Assembly and the following results were obtained. First, Transformational Leadership had a positive effect on Self-leadership and the Transformational Leadership of the supervisors had a statistically significant impact on the organizational support awareness. Furthermore, organizational support showed a statistically significant mediator effect in the relationship between the Transformational Leadership of the supervisors and the Self-leadership of the subordinates. Finally, future directions in regard to the personnel management system were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.162-171
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• 2014

As the foodservice industry is labor intensive, the efficient management of human resources is an essential element for improving operational efficiency. This study was designed to investigate the performance level of human resource management in self-operated school foodservices and to examine the relationship between human resource management, organizational commitment, and productivity. Whether these factors rated differently by employment and job types was also examined. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 60 dieticians and 240 cooks in Seongnam and Yongin. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, the t-test and multiple regression analysis were tested using Minitab. Human resource management practices rated highly in the dimension of employee training (3.51), followed by working environment (3.39), and turnover management (3.37). In contrast, reward management (1.73) and working condition (1.56) received the lowest score. Organizational commitment scored 3.65 points, and showed that dedication (3.82) was the highest score; however, self-esteem (3.50) was the lowest score. For human resource management, there were significant differences between employment types as full time workers (3.85) rated management more highly than part-time worker (3.43). Overall productivity was fairly high, especially in high school foodservices. Only the performance appraisal had an influence on organizational commitment (${\beta}$=0.292, P<0.05). Productivity was positively correlated with human resource management (r=0.432, P<0.001) and organizational commitment (r=0.36, P<0.01). In conclusion, school foodservices need to establish objective performance standards, and increase employee morale by enhancing reward systems and working conditions. In particular, irregular employees require training with job performance standards and given a proper reward program, depending on their performance, to improve organizational commitment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2015

In this study, I researched, analysed and compared the examples of civilian maritime search and rescue auxiliaries of world leading countries' such as Japan and America, and the Korean volunteer fire fighting team. Through this, I suggest that the decentralized civilian maritime search and rescue forces of Maritime Rescue and Salvage Association and KCG Civilian Auxiliary should be united into unified search and rescue system and establish legal basis for stabilized support and development. It seem that we should organize laws and regulations for the government to have centralized control of rescue mission as in the cases of America and Canada and elivate rescue mission capability with systemized education and training entrusted to specialized external training organization. I proposed to establish financial support such as fund for the stabilized status of civilian auxiliary, domestic and overseas training session for the civilian auxiliary to inspire integrity and sense of duty as a part of maritime search and rescue forces.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.265-274
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• 2013

The business cycle during a recession leads to negative effects on raising funds and operations management of company. In particular, the company with many inventories in the recession causes liquidity problem. Which leads to frustration in the competitive strategy management. In this case the company experiencing cash or liquidity problems attempts to reduce its investment in inventory. However, reducing inventory investment makes problems to increase inventory operating costs. This paper presents sensitivity of total cost compared to the size for reducing inventory investment. This will guarantee the relevance of the reducing inventory investment. Optimal Inventory levels also may be required to be less than the optimal levels without reduction on inventory investments.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to search the related factors of job satisfaction in care facilities for the aged in order to improve quality of service and to help management of care facilities. Data was collected from staff who agreed with informed consent of this study among care facilities for the aged. Subjects were 152 staff members from 29 care facilities. The research was conducted during six month. The major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, in the job satisfaction of staffs according to demographic characteristics of subjects, it was found that the workers with longer work experience in current facilities had higher job satisfaction. Secondly, in the job satisfaction according to characteristics of care facilities, it was found that when staff's opinion was accepted or considered that job experience was higher. In Conclusion, to increase job satisfaction of care facilities for the aged, we should consider the above two points.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Security measures for the current insurance crime has focused on the capture oriented and reactive response in the screening stage of insurance payments. However, since leaving the damages that can not be healed by post-punishment, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the insurance crimes in advance. In this paper, I would like to try to identify problems through analyzing the characteristics and cases of the insurance crimes, and to present alternatives to it. The problems with the current insurance system that causes the insurance crimes are, First, When signing the insurance contract, it is too inattentive to confirm about the credit status of the policyholder, duplicate join or not, whether voluntarily sign up etc. Second, a thorough investigation or criminal charges in case of insurance accident is not being done properly. Third, information exchange and management to malicious policyholders is not being done properly. Therefore, in order to guard people from insurance crimes, First, it should strengthen the audit of such credit conditions, accident experiences in the insurance contract at the policyholders. Second, we need to block insurance crimes in advance through the continuous upgrades of insurance fraud analysis systems and social network. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance systems for the insurance crimes by the information sharing.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Recent cyberthreats are emerging as big issues that need to be addressed to both developed countries and South Korea. Our government has implemented and established comprehensive measures whenever major incidents were happened. It is still insufficient, even though the national and social level of cybersecurity are improved with continuous investments and efforts to strengthen the country than in the past. Comprehensive measures have been exposed to limit the effectiveness because they are focused on short-term measures. In this paper, we try to analyze the problems of incidents and assess the implementation process of establishing comprehensive measures in order to suggest ways ultimately to improve the country's overall level of cybersecurity.