• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

The management system and profitability were compared for the commercial orchards in the apple producing districts from April to October, 2011. The present study reasonably graded a large fruit as a fruit of heavier than 300g for 'Fuji' and 330g for 'Hongro' apples. As comparing cropping density and yield efficiency, 'Fuji' apples showed 3.28 fruits per TCA of crop density and 0.96 kg per TCA of yield efficiency and 'Hongro' demonstrated 4.04 fruits and 1.01 kg. With the application of the results above, the orchard management systems was classified into 3 classes as the orchard for large-size fruits, medium-size fruits, and combined size fruits. The increase of cropping density made the increase of fruit yield with medium-size fruits in unit area but brought about the decrease of large size fruits. The difference in fruit size failed to make significant differences in fruit characteristics. The orchard management system for producing medium size fruits performed decrease in input cost and improved the profitability in orchard management.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2015

As an edible coating, carnauba shellac wax (CSW) and lemongrass oil (LO) solution was prepared to extend the shelf life of 'Hongro' apples. During storage, there were significant differences in the populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeast, and molds between the coated apples and the control samples. The weight loss and vitamin C loss of apples coated with the CSW-LO solution were lower than those of the control. These results suggest that CSW-LO coating can be an effective method for improving quality of 'Hongro' apples.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1993

The solvent extraction and clean up processes for the gas chromatographic determination of muarimol pesticide residues in apples were investigated and examined the changes of residual concentration with the passage of time. The extracted pesticide with methanol were partitioned with dichloromethane after adding sodium chloride solution. The separated solutions were concentrated and transfered to the alumina column for clean up, and eluated with 1-chlorobutane : methanol solution. As a results their recovering for 0.200 and 1.00ppm muarimol spiked on apples have shown 79~95%. Residual amounts of nuarimol in apple was 0.0830ppm when the fungicide was treated eight times until 3 days before its harvest. It seems to be safely used when nuarimol is treated six times until 7 days before harvest of apple.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 춘계총회 및 제22차 학술발표회
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• pp.118-118
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• 2003

편의와 fresh-like quality를 선호하는 소비 경향에 맞추어 가공한 fresh-cut사과의 선도 연장을 위한 저해제를 탐색하였다. 실험에 사용된 사과는 박피하여 속심을 제거한 사과를 8조각으로 절단하여 저해제에 3분간 침지한 후 물기를 제거하고 각각 LDPE 포장지에 포장하여 실온에서 저장하면서 colorimeter와 rheometer를 이용하여 색도와 물성을 측정하였다. 저해제로는 1% ascorbic acid, citric acid, NaCl, MgCl$_2$, CaCl$_2$, KCl, CaSO$_4$, MgSO$_4$, $Na_2$SO$_4$, oxalic acid, calcium lactate, calcium citrate를 사용하였으며 천연저해제로는 건칡, 맥문동, 목향, Rhubarb, 당귀, 오약, 시체, 지각, 천문동, 청피, 계피, 구기자, 당귀, 진피, 감초, 녹차, 후추 등을 열수추출하여 사용하였다. 물리적인 변화는 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 추세를 보였으며 일부 건조로 인해 texture의 증가를 나타내기도 했다. 처리에 따른 물리적인 변화로는 CaCl$_2$, NaSO$_4$, Cl, 시금치를 처리하였을 때 그 변화가 가장 작았으나 시금치의 경우 시금치로 인한 사과의 색변화로 관능적으로 좋지 않았다. 한약재는 목향, 당귀, 지각, 계피를 처리하였을 때 물리적인 변화가 가장 작았으나 시금치와 마찬가지로 처리 초기에 한약재 자체의 향과 색으로 인하여 관능적으로 좋지 못한 결과를 나타냈다. 갈변 정도를 나타내는 ΔE의 변화는 KCl과 CaCl$_2$, CaSO$_4$를 처리한 구에서 변화가 가장 작았으며 한약재를 처리하였을 경우 당귀, 천문동을 처리한 구에서 효과를 보였다. oxalic acid는 갈변저해에는 효과적이었으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 수분의 용출이 증가하였으며 물성의 변화도 컸다. 또한 ZnCl$_2$를 처리한 구에서는 이취 발생과 수분 용출이 컸으며 색의 변화도 컸다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 1981

In order to investigate the changes of organic acid contents during the process of apple vinegar, this experiment was conducted by innoculating apple juice with Sarcharomyces cerevisae, and then the apple vinegar were prepared with Acetobacter. aceti and its mutants obtained by the treatment of ultraviolet light and N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine. The organic acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The contents of malic acid, citric acid and acetic acid in apple juice were 0.73 %, 0.038 % and 0.067%, malic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid in the apple wine 0.114%, 0.10%, and 0.03%, while acetic acid and malic acid in apple vinegar, 4.3 %, and about 0.05 %, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find out the effect of long-term compost application on the chemical properties of the orchard soils and apple quality. The contents of P and cations in soils were increased by the application of compost, while there are no difference in that of organic matter. The increase in application rates of compost resulted to the increase in apple yields, however, firmness and Brix of apple were as not differentiated by the compost application. The application of lower chemical fertilizer and higher compost resulted to the increase in the contents of organic matter and Ca in soils. The compost application resulted to the increase in inorganic material contents in soil but was not effective on the quality of apple fruits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.173.1-173
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• 2003

열처리는 과일의 저장성을 증가시키기 위하여 최근에 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 열처리가 사과의 내부 성분변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 45$^{\circ}C$에서 30분 동안 침지하여 열처리하였으며 풍건 후 4$^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 사과 내부의 일부 기능성 성분의 변화를 조사한 결과 total phenolic compound는 열처리 후 저장 5일째까지 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 열처리구가 무처리구보다 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성은 열처리구의 경우 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 무처리구는 지속적으로 증가하였다. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 활성은 열처리구 사과에서 저장 7일째까지 활성이 증가하다가 이후 감소하는 경향은 보인 반면 무처리구의 경우 저장 5일째까지 활성이 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 열처리한 사과가 ACE 저해 활성이 더 높게 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 무처리구가 열처리구보다 더 높은 효과를 나타내었고, 열처리 후 산도 및 환원당의 변화를 조사한 결과 무처리구가 열처리구보다 변화가 적게 나타났다. 또한 일반적으로 식물체가 stress를 받았을 때 phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity가 증가하므로 활성을 조사한 결과 무처리구에서 PAL activity의 급격한 증가가 나타났으며 열처리구에서 거의 증가하지 않았는데 이는 열처리에 의해 PAL를 포함한 단백질합성이 억제를 받아서 일 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2014

This study was performed in order to compare the changes in Korean apples' qualities and antioxidant activity when stored at room temperature, $20^{\circ}C$, for fifteen days. The results showed that the weight, moisture content, soluble solid content, acidity, and hardness levels decreased as the storage period increased. However, pH and color value L increased as the storage period increased. Total phenol contents, total flavonoids contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and vit. C contents of apples significantly decreased with increased storage period. Sensory parameters, such as appearance, sweetness, sourness, crunchiness, and overall acceptability of apples, also decreased as the storage period increased. Based on these results, if, the apple are being stored around $20^{\circ}C$, then, to have the highest quality, the apples should be sold within three days, We also suggested that it is desirable not to store the apples fore more than eight days.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

Historical changes of population abundances of European red mite (ERM), Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), were described in selected apple orchards in the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI, Suwon, Korea), based on research reports of the NHRI from 1958 to 1998. ERM was an abundant species up to 1970, and TSSM became a dominant species after 1980. The change occurred around mid 1970. Three hypotheses were made to explain the change: TSSM competitively replaces ERM, ground cover weeds are a major influencing factor on movement of TSSM (TSSM movement into trees is accelerated by destroying weeds), and ERM and TSSM populations are regulated by natural enemy complexes when the orchard system is not disrupted. And long-term results of the interaction between two species were projected according to the combination of different orchard management strategies: pesticide sprays (non-selective toxic pesticide spray : heavy pesticide pressure (HPP), and selective soft pesticide spray = low pesticide pressure (LPP)) and weed control methods (grass planting, and clean culture system with herbicides). In the HPP and grass planting system, ERMs are abundant because ERM can avoid competition with TSSM as movement of TSSM to trees are restricted, and natural enemy complexes are destroyed by toxic pesticides. In the HPP and clean culture system, TSSMs are abundant because TSSM moves to trees from early season and competitively replaces ERM. In the LPP and grass planting system, ERMs are abundant because movement of TSSM to trees is reduced, but they do not build up a high population density since their densities are regulated by natural enemy complexes. In the LPP and clean culture system, TSSM moves to trees and competes with ERM, but the competition pressure is reduced because population densities of mites are regulated in a lower level by natural enemy complexes. So, ERM can occurs in late season. Thus, two species can coexist temporarily with more ERM in early season and more TSSM in late season. TSSM abundant phenomenon presented in this study can be partially explained as a result of long-term interaction between ERM and TSSM under the HPP and clean culture system.

• 농업기술회보
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.30-33
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• 2010

유씨엠티농법을 처음 접해보는 과수 농가를 위해 그간의 내용이 반복되지만 소상하게 설명하고자 한다. 좋은 과실은 어느 한 가지 특정한 기술만이 아닌 종합적인 기술을 통해야만 얻어지는 결과물이다. 농약을 사용하는 것은 오직 작물의 병충해를 막는 작용을 할 뿐이고 작물의 품질을 높이는데 있어 중요한 것은 역시 시비관리이다. 시비관리의 정수라 할 수 있는 유씨엠티농법은 최고의 사과와 배를 만들 수 있는 간단하고 쉬운 최선의 방법이라고 할 수 있다. 사과 배 두 작물의 시비방법은 동일하기 때문에 함께 설명하기로 한다. 원활한 수분관리를 하면서 식물의 필수 16개 원소를 균형 있고 지속적으로 공급하는 완벽한 시비관리가 가장 과학적인 영농방법이다. 퇴비는 반드시 완숙된 퇴비(속성고온퇴비)의 사용을 전제로 하고 재배에 들어 들어간다.