• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2004

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the submerged-liquid culture of mushrooms was measured using two systems : linoleic acid and mouse liver microsomes induced by various free radical sources. Mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Neutari), Phellinus linteus (Sanghwang), Paecilomyces japonicus (Dongchunghacho), Hericicum erinacium (Norugungdengyee) and Agaricus blazei (Shinryeong) in 1% mulberry tree powder-supplemented medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (200 rpm, $25^{\circ}C$) for 3 days. Hot water extracts of mycelial cultures were freeze-dried, followed by fractioning with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol in the order. Antioxidant activity of each sample was examined in free radical-induced linoleic acid oxidation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS ) solution by measuring the amount of malonaldehyde (MA), and mouse liver microsomal systems by measuring the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In linoleic acid oxidation system, hot water extracts from the cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phellinus linteus, and Paecilomyces japonicus exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than aqueous or butanol fraction and the combined fraction of hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, but the hot water extract from Pleurotus ostreatus culture was the strongest activity. The antioxidant activity of the hot water extract from Pleurotus ostreatus culture was stronger than any other fractions in mouse microsomal system. These results suggest that hot water extract of Pleurotus ostreatus culture, and the cultures of Phellinus linteus and Paecilomyces japonicus could be useful for functional materials to reduce the oxidation of lipids in food systems induced by free radicals.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

Isolation and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. from mulberry shoot rot and severity of diseases which were known as bacterial blight were examined on four mulberry varieties in Suwon, Kongju and Chuncheon, A symptom of mulberry shoot rot was initiated long brown spot on young leaves and shoots. It was developed into dark brown spot and produced white mycelia and spores on the diseased symptoms. A symptom of bacterial blight showed leaf rolling and water soaking spot and produced bacterial ooze on leaf and shoot However later stage of upper two types of symptom was hardly distinguished. Severities of shoot rot and bacterial blight were 7.5% and 4.4% in Suwon, respectively. Isolation of Fusarium spp. on shoot rot symptoms was highter than that on bacterial blight symptoms, but isolation of Pseudomonas spp. was higher on bacterial blight symptoms. Trends of pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were similar to inoculation works, and isolations of pathogenic Fusarium spp. from center of symptom was higher than that from 30cm of symptom of all samples in three cultivation areas. Disease severities of shoot rot on variety of Kaeryangppong were 13.9%, 15.9% and 17.2% in Suwon, Kongju and Chuncheon, respectively. However variety of Cheongolppong was highly resistant to shoot rot disease in three cultivation areas.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.265-274
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• 1998

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for an artificial cultivation of Phellinus sp.. The optimum conditions for the mycelial growth on the different sawdusts (Quercus aliena, Morns alba and Alnus japonica) substrate of an isolated Phellinus sp. were optimized by response surface methodology. The ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust and the suitable moisture content for the mycelial growth in the all sawdust media were about 30% (w/w) and $65{\sim}70%$ (w/v), respectively. The initial pHs for the mycelial growth of Quercus aliena and Morns alba were in the range of $pH\;5{\sim}6$, whereas Alnus japonica was obtained at pH 6. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was about $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, depending on the different kinds of wood substrates. From the response surface analysis, the values of independent variables of Quercus aliena at stationary points were determined to be 31.01 % (w/w) of rice bran, pH of 5.31 and 69.03% (w/v) of moisture content, and the expected value of mycelial growth was about 8.32 cm. Both the ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust $(X_1)$ and moisture content $(X_3)$ were effective to the mycelial growth. In the case of Morns alba, the ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust, initial pH and moisture content at the stationary points were 28.77% (w/w), 5.28 and 69.8 (w/v),respectively, and the expected mycelial growth of 7.60 cm was obtained. Stationary points for the mycelial growth in the sawdust media of Alnus japonica were 28.74% (w/w) of rice bran, pH of 6. 04 and 66.96% (w/v) of moisture content, and the expected values of mycelial growth was about 5.38 cm. Based on the above results, there was correlations between the mycelial growth and independent variables, and the effect of rice bran $(X_1)$ and initial pH $(X_2)$ for the mycelial growth were higher than the moisture content $(X_3)$. The optimum species of sawdust media for the my celial growth of Phellinus sp. was in the order of Quercus aliena > Morns alba > Alnus japonica.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 1992

우리나라 양잠의 안정적 성장 발전을 위해서는 생산기반의 재정비 및 호당 양잠 규모의 확대가 필요하다고 하는 것은 누구나 다 아는 사실이다. 따라서 이를 위한 생산체계의 획기적인 탈바꿈의 하나로 애누에 공동육을 함으로써 농가에서 누에의 사육기간을 단축하는 것이 시급히 요청된다고 림은 "잠사업이 국제 경쟁력 제고를 위한 기술적 대응방안"에서 주장한 바가 있었다. 1. 전제조건 1) 애누에 공동육이 꼭 이루어져야 한다. 2) 뽕밭 생산성이 저해 받아서는 안 된다. 3) 성력 기계기구 개발 및 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 4) 가장 중요한 것은 잠작안정이다. 5) 각 잠기별 표준관리된 잠종이 공급되어야 한다. 6) 각 수견 시기에 맞추어 고치공판이 이루어져야한다. 2. 누에 사육시간 선정 1) 뽕나무 생리를 감안한 가지뽕 수확법에 따른 누에 사육기간은 춘잠기는 5월 하순부터 6월 중순까지이고 추잠기는 9월 초순부터 하순까지이다. 2) 병충해 방제관리상으로는 하잠 및 초추잠만이 문제점이 있다. 3) 잠작에 따른 사육기간은 춘잠기는 5월 하순부터 6월 중순까지이며 추잠기는 9월 초순부터 중순까지잠작이 양호하다.(중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2004

This study is about the paper of Mulberry(桑紙). The paper which was usually applied to the ancient bookpaper and documents. But there is a rare record about it today. So the paper was made from the Mulberry(뽕나무) bast fiber using traditional handcraft method. and Paper Mulberry(닥나무) by traditional method. And tested by physical and optical methods in comparisons with Paper Mulberry(닥나무). The ratio of length/width of Mulberry fiber was 475, and its lignin content was lower than the Paper Mulberry. The Mulberry paper had similar forming properties and physical strength to the Paper Mulberry fiber. Therefore, the Mulberry fiber seem to be a good paper fiber for traditional paper. For the aging test, in the thermal acceleration treatment for 72 hours and 144 hours at the temperature of $105^{\circ}C$ incubator, the Mulberry paper was more deteriorative than the Paper Mulberry. In the ultraviolet acceleration treatment for 100 hours and 200 hours the Mulberry paper was less interior to the Paper Mullberry, in the increase of treatment time. And the Mulberry paper was approved to be a good traditional paper in appearance. Furthumore, in considing the sample of bred Mulberry species grown today, its paper is thought to be superio to the paper of Paper Mulberry in symptom of senility in natural ultraviolet light.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mineral difference about Phellinus from cultivated on mulberry, oak and elm by ICP test. The major mineral components were Ca, K, Fe, P, Al and Na. In Ca, fruiting bodies from cultivated on mulberry were shown about 2~4 times highest, and in case of K was fruiting bodies from cultivated on oak shown about 2 times highest as against the other sample groups. Especially, Na was fruiting bodies from cultivated on oak shown about 10 times highest as against the other sample groups. In this study, fruiting bodies on P. linteus and P. baumii from cultivated the same kind of material lumber are similar mineral components, and we can't really find much their difference. As a results, what kind of mineral component content had showed depend on material lumber.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2013

In atherosclerosis, blood vessels become sensitive to vessel-constricting agents leading to reduced control in the event of abrupt blood pressure changes. Mulberry trees (Morus alba L., MA) have been claimed to contain various bioactive principles that could possibly prevent atherosclerosis development caused by high cholesterol consumption. In order to examine whether MA feeding can prevent the sensitization of blood vessels, MA leaves were fed to rats for 8 weeks and pressor responses to vasoconstricting agents were assessed. Animals were pithed before blood pressure assessments to eliminate reflex compensation in vessel responses. Feeding diets containing high levels of cholesterol led to potentiated pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, or to injection of norepinephrine, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and vasopressin in pithed rats. These potentiated pressor responses were prevented in rats fed MA leaf-containing diets at 2 or 10% levels. It was also examined in anesthetized non-pithed rats whether similar cholestrol-related sensitization and MA prevention could be observed. However, high cholesterol-induced sensitization in pressor responses were not observed, suggesting that destruction of central cardiovascular control by pithing must have revealed the sensitization responses. It was concluded that MA leaves seem to be active in preventing abnormal blood vessel reactivity caused by hypercholesterolemia.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 1990

These studies were conduced to investigate the effects of temperatures on development of each stage and distribution within tree and overwintering of mulberry scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Tar. & Tozz. Growth ratio of each stage with different temperatures was not significant within range of optimum temperatures of growth. Developmental threshold and effective temperatures of each stage were $12.3^{\circ}C$ and 46.9 degree day in eggs, $10.8^{\circ}C$, and 183.8 degree day in first nymph, $9.8^{\circ}C$ and 188.2 degree day in second nymph, $10.3^{\circ}C$ and 383.0 degree day in gross nymphal stage, respectively. Longevity of female adults were 39.6 days in $18^{\circ}C$, 28.4 days in $22^{\circ}C$, 18.1 days in$26^{\circ}C$, and 15.7 days in$30^{\circ}C$. Average number of eggs in ovary and laid by individual female were 83.3 and 75.7, respectively. Optimum temperatures of growth were $22^{\circ}C$-$26^{\circ}C$ but all the eggs were not hatched at $35^{\circ}C$. Distribution of each stage within tree in summer was great at lower part of branch and overwintering adults was dominantly located in NE-SE followed by SE-SW, SW-NW and NW-NE. Percent mortality due to cold weather was 36.2.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.298-305
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• 2019

Cudrania tricuspidata has been reported to have many biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. However, the effects of C. tricuspidata root extract (CTE) on human platelet aggregation induced by collagen as well as the signaling pathways involved remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CTE on human platelets. CTE inhibited platelet aggregation via down-regulation of thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) by blocking cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity and intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization in collagen-induced platelets. CTE also reduced the phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC) γ2 and syk. CTE regulated platelet aggregation via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) Ser²³⁹. In addition, administration of CTE (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced hyper-aggregated platelet aggregation by collagen (5 ㎍/mL) without hepatotoxicity in HFD (high fat diet)-fed rats. Taken together, these results suggest that CTE has anti-platelet effects both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, CTE may be an effective therapeutic and preventive agent for cardiovascular disease, and is a safe and natural product.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1987

Changes in water content, dry weight, total nitrogen (T-N), P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn and death rate were studied in winter buds of mulberry trees. Winter buds of the early season varieties, Hongolbbong and Chongolbbong, (Morus Lhou Koioz) and midseason varieties, Kaeryangbbong and Chongilbbong, (Morus alba L.) were sampled every 7 days from February 28 to April 28, 1986. The result were as follow : 1. Water content was increased by 20% over the level of 45% in late February. The water content in Chongolbbing was the highest, whereas that in the rest of the varieties was nearly equal. 2. Dry weights of winter buds of the early varieties were always greater than those of midseason varieties. The dry weight of buds of early season varieties began to increase in late February and increased rapidly after April 18. There was no weight gain until April 12 in buds of midseason varieties, followed by a slow increase thereafter. 3. T-N and P, K, B, Fe, Cu and Zn concentration increased with time, Mn decreased, and Ca and Mg levels were constant. 4. T-N and Mn levels were higher and P, Ca, Fe and Cu lower in Hongolbbong than in the other varieties. T-N, Mg and Cu levels were lower in Chongolbbong. 5. The death rate of winter buds increased with the approach of the budding season. The rate was highest in Chongolbbong and lowest in Hongolbbong.