• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.29-35
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• 1995

Nonlinear distortion arising from the nonlinear movement of the loudspeaker diaphragm degradates the tone quality. The distortion is, in low frequency range, mainly caused by nonlinear characteristics of the suspension stiffness and the force factor. In this paper, the nonlinear suspension stiffness and the nonlinear force factor are modeled to the quadratic functions and a method is proposed to determine their coefficients. An additional mass to the diaphragm moved the quiescent point of the diaphragm and uncoupled the stiffness and the force factor. This made it possible to deter mine the coefficients of the nonlinear suspension stiffness by measuring the resonance frequencies at several quiescent points. The coefficients of the nonlinear force factor are then determined by fitting the curve which is calculated from the waveforms of input voltage and input current, and the displacement of the diaphragm at resonance frequency.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.492-499
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• 1997

We proposed and studied an all-optical switching device made of a bent nonlinear waveguide and an all-optical logic gate made of a bent nonlinear Y-junction. The proposed devices as switch and a logic function are based on the evolution of nonlinear guided wave along a bent nonlinear waveguide. Since the characteristics of beam propagation depens on the nonlinearity, input power and bent angle of waveguide, the characteristics of output power transmission is calculated by variation the such parameters. Furthermore, by calculating the output power through the nonlinear media with different positions of detector in nonlinear media, we could find the ideal digital switching performance at specific position of detector and implement several all-optical logic functions (AND, OR, XOR) by power contrast between waveguide end and nonlinear media.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.335-344
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• 2011

A curvilinear non-hydrostatic free surface model is developed to investigate nonlinear wave interactions in a circular channel. The proposed model solves the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in a three-dimensional domain with a pressure correction method, which is one of fractional step methods. A hybrid staggered-grid layout in the vertical direction is implemented, which renders relatively simple resulting pressure equation as well as free surface closure. Numerical accuracy with respect to wave nonlinearity is tested against the fifth-order Stokes solution in a two-dimensional numerical wave tank. Numerical applications center on the evolution of nonlinear waves including diffraction and reflection affected by the curvature of side wall in a circular channel comparing with linear waves. Except for a highly nonlinear bichrmatic wave, the model's results are in good agreement with superimposed analytical solution that neglects nonlinear effects. Through the numerical simulation of the highly nonlinear bichramatic wave, the model shows its capability to investigate the evolution of nonlinear wave groups in a circular channel.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2019

Fluid flow through rock fractures has been quantified using equations such as Stokes equations, Reynolds equation (or local cubic law), cubic law, etc. derived from the Navier-Stokes equations under the assumption that linear flow prevails. Therefore, these simplified equations are limited to linear flow regime, and cause errors in nonlinear flow regime. In this study, causal mechanism of nonlinear flow and critical Reynolds number were presented by carrying out fluid flow modeling with both the Navier-Stokes equations and the Stokes equations for a three-dimensional rough-walled rock fracture. This study showed that flow regimes changed from linear to nonlinear at the Reynolds number greater than 10. This is because the inertial forces, proportional to the square of the fluid velocity, increased enough to overwhelm the viscous forces. This tendency was also shown for the unmated (slightly sheared) rock fracture. It was found that nonlinear flow was caused by the rapid increase in the inertial forces with increasing fluid velocity, not by the growing eddies that have been ascribed to nonlinear flow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.12 no.4 s.47
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• pp.375-385
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• 2000

The required connection ductility has been evaluated, considering geometric, material and connection nonlinearity, for 6-story unbraced and 20-story braced steel structures subjected to ultimate lateral load. For material nonlinearity, section moment-curvature relationship and member stiffness matrix have been derived utilizing fiber model and linear flexibility distribution model. In 6-story structure with semi-rigid connections for rigid connection, the required connection ductility is less than that for rigid connection. In 20-story structure, the required connection ductility for semi-rigid connection is almost the same as that for shear connection and the required ductility for rigid connection is larger than that for semi-rigid or shear connection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.472-480
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• 2009

The stability analysis for CWR is difficult in the theory itself because both geometric and material nonlinearity should be considered. Also the analysis results are varied according to the loading history. In contrast to the complexity in the theory, the analysis results for CWR on the railway bridges are quite simple and can be predicted because of a small buckling effect and its negligible nonlinearity. In this study, refined nonlinear analysis methods for the stability analysis of CWR on the railway bridges were developed which consider only material nonlinearity beeause the effects of geometric nonlinearity are nominal. In this study, the analysis results can be found within limited number of iterations with idealized linear force-displacement relationship. From the analysis result comparisons, it was found that the stability analysis for CWR on the railway bridges can be performed effectively by this method.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 1995

묽은 고분자 용액의선형 점탄성과 완화시간 스펙트럼에 대하여 비드수, 유체역학적 상호작용, 배제 부피와 비선형 스프링들의 영향을 비드-스프링 모델을 통하여 연구하였다. Fixman의 모델을 개량하였고, 비선형 스프링개념을 도입한후 선형점탄성에 관한 식들을 유 도하였다. 그중에서 주로 복고 점도의 크기와 위상차에 대한 BSM 파라미터들의 영향을 살 펴보았다. 실험데이터에서 진동수에 따른 위상차의 평평한 부분의 길이로부터 비드수를 Mark-Houwink 식의 지수 값으로부터 유체역학적 상호작용 파라미터를 그리고 fitting 파라 미터로써 배제 부피 파라미터와 비선형 스프링 파라미터의 함수형태로 표현되는 동적 확장 파라미터를 결정할수 있었다. 또한 광산란 실험등으로부터 배제 부피 파라미터를 결정하게 된다면 이로부터 비선형 스프링 파라미터도 결정할수 있음을 알수 있었다. 한편 불연속적인 현태인 BSM의 완화시간 스펙트럼에 미치는 BSM 파라미터들의 영향을 분석함으로써 각 파람터의 효과와 차이점을 분명히 알수 있었다. 본논문에서는 BSM에 비드수, 유체역학적 상호작용 배제 부피 그리고 비선형 스프링 효과를 동시에 적용하는 방법을 제시하였으며 이 방법을 통하여 묽은 고분자 용액의 선형 점탄성 실험 데이터를 정량적으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2001

Linear GPA(Gas Path Analysis) and non-linear GPA programs for performance diagnostics of a turboprop engine were developed, and a study for selection of optimal measurement variables was performed. Simultaneous faults in the compressor, the compressor turbine and the power turbine, which occur damage of the engine, were assumed. The non-linear GPA analysis was carried out with an iterative method, where the performance degradation rate of independent parameters was divided into same intervals. It was compared with the result by the Newton-Raphson method for observing the effect of an iterative method. According to the analysis result, it was found that performance of non-linear GPA can be influenced on the type of the iterative method. For showing effects of the number of measurement variables both the linear and non-linear GPAs were analyzed with 10, 8 and 6 measurement sets, respectively. RMS error between them were compared each other. It was realized that the more measurement parameters are used, and the more accurate result may be obtained. However much better result can be obtained with measurement parameters selected properly Moreover, RMS error by using non-linear GPA was less than that by using linear GPA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.398-402
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 유ㆍ무선 통신 채널을 통한 데이터 전송시 발생하는 비선형 왜곡을 적응 필터를 이용하여 보상하였다. 특히 통신채널에서는 심볼간 간섭(ISI)이 발생하는데 이러한 간섭을 비선형 필터를 이용하여 제거하였다. 비선형 채널을 모델링하는 방법에는 볼테라급수를 이용하는 방법과 쌍선형 방법이 있다. 쌍선형 방법은 볼테라 방법에 비하여 계산량이 적은 장점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 쌍선형 필터에 적응 알고리듬을 적용하여 신호의 왜곡을 보상하였다. 적응 알고리듬에는 LMS 계열과 LS 계열 알고리듬이 있으나 통신 채널에서는 알고리듬의 안정도가 중요하므로 LMS 계열 알고리듬을 적용하였다. 또한 적응 알고리듬은 입력 데이터의 상관성과 데이터 수에 의존하여 수렴속도와 안정도가 결정된다. 알고리듬의 수렴속도를 증가시키기 위하여 입력신호를 신호파형으로부터 다량의 데이터를 검출하는 방법을 적용하였다. 이러한 방법을 입증하기 위하여 입력신호는 2진 랜덤 가우시안 데이터를 이용하였고, 통신채널에서 채널간 간섭을 발생시켰으며 화이트 가우시안 잡음을 부가 시켰다. 이러한 신호를 수신한 수신기에 적응 등화기를 설계하여 대량의 데이터를 생성시키고, 적응 알고리듬을 적용하여 채널의 왜곡을 빠른 속도로 보상하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.660-665
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 비선형적인 메커니즘을 갖는 수문현상의 불확실성을 해석하고자 하는 목적으로 새로운 개념의 지배방정식이 유도된다. 제안된 모형의 불확실성은 토양 특성치의 공간적 변동성에 기인하고 있는 것으로 가정하여, 유도된 방정식은 Fokker-Planckl 방정식의 형태를 가지고 있다. 실제 유역단위에서 토양 내 수분 흐름의 연직방향 흐름을 모의하기 위해 미소단위에서 유도된 Richards 방정식은 토양의 공간적 변동성으로 말미암아 불확실한 매개변수를 갖는 비선형 추계학적 편미분방정식의 형태를 갖게 된다. 이는 먼지 수직 방향적분을 통하여 단순화된 비선형 추계학적 상미분방정식으로 전환되고, 이렇게 전환된 비선형 추계학적 상미분방정식은 다시 추계학적 Liouville 방정식을 이용하여 선형 추계학적 편미분방정식으로 전환되어진다. 최종적으로 cumulant 급수방법을 이용하여 상기 방정식을 선형 결정론적 편미분방정식으로 전환시킴으로써, 강우 시 토양 내 수분 침투현상을 모형화할 경우 유역단위에서 토양의 공간적 변동성을 설명할 수 있는 지배방정식을 유도할 수 있다.