• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2001

The present study was carried out to compare the postoperative results of Cronin triangular flap and Millard rotation-advancement repair techniques in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip. Thirteen patients with unilateral complete cleft lip underwent 6 Cronin triangular flap and 7 Millard rotation-advancement repairs at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital over a period of 6 years (January 1994 to December 1999). The surgical results following the operation were assessed on the basis of scoring, vertical lip length and scar hypertrophy. The mean score was better in Cronin triangular flap group($74.77{\pm}0.86$) than in Millard rotation-advancement group($66.50{\pm}1.14$) for both lip and nose segments. Scar hypertrophy developed in the Millard rotation-advancement repair group with 28.6% incidence but not in the Cronin triangular flap group. No significant difference was found in the ratio of lip length between Millard rotation-advancement repair and Cronin triangular flap groups($0.73{\pm}0.10$ and $0.80{\pm}0.96$). These results suggest that Cronin triangular flap shows better results than Millard rotation-advancement repair in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2007

4-nonylphenol (4-NP)이 해산어류인 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 혈장 vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile protein phosphorus (ALPP), calcium(Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 및 hepatosomatic index (HSI)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험어에 3일간격으로 $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$, 5 mg/kg B.W.) 또는 4-NP(0, 10, 50, 100및 200 mg/kg B.W.)을 복강에 2번 주사한 후, 7일째에 채혈과 적출을 통해 혈장과 간장을 수집해 분석이 실시되었다. 대조 실험어에는 용매로 사용된 70% 에탄올만이 투여되었다. $E_2$ 투여 실험어의 혈장 단백질을 전기 영동상으로 분석한 결과 약 170 kDa의 위치에서 짙은 VTG 밴드가 관찰되었으나, 용매만 투여한 대조 실험어의 혈장에서는 동일 밴드가 관찰되지 않았다. 4-NP 투여한 모든 실험어의 혈장 단백질에서는 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 동일한 VTG 밴드가 관찰되었다. 혈장 ALPP와 Ca 농도도 4-NP 투여 실험어에서 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 유사하게 증가하였으며, 이들 농도 변화는 VTG 합성과 더불어 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 혈장 전위효소인 GPT와 HSI도 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 유사하게 4-NP가 투여된 모든 실험어에서 급격히 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 연안생태계 내에서 서식하는 어류가 4-NP과 같은 내분비 장애물질(Endocrine Disrupting compounds, EDCs)에 의해 영향을 받는지를 규명하기 위한 생물학적 지표로서 VTG와 더불어 혈장 ALPP와 Ca이 사용가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 조피볼락과 같은 해산어가 EDCs에 노출되어 VTG가 합성될 때 간장 기능의 손상으로 혈장 전위효소인 GPT가 일시적으로 종가하고 간장도 비대해져 HSI가 높아지는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.323-329
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to evaluate the postoperative results of Millard rotation-advancement repair (MR) and lip adhesion followed by Millard rotation-advancement repair (LAMR) in unilateral complete cleft lip. Twenty patients with unilateral complete cleft lip underwent MR or LAMR at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital over a period of 6 years (January 1994 to December 1999) were analyzed. The surgical results following the operation were assessed on the basis of scoring, vertical lip length, and scar hypertrophy. The mean score was better in LAMR group ($74.74{\pm}1.09$, n=13) than in MR group ($66.50{\pm}1.14$, n=7) for both lip and nose segments. Scar hypertrophy developed in MR group with 28.6% and in LAMR group with 23.1%. No significant difference was noted in the ratio of lip length between LAMR and MR groups ($0.84{\pm}0.08\;and\;0.73{\pm}0.10$). These results suggest that LAMR is better than MR in repairing the unilateral complete cleft lip.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.643-656
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• 2019

The development of hot social networking services, including the Internet, has transformed rental car services into IT-based car-sharing services. The car-sharing service is a service that allows people to rent cars online without having to face-to-face. It has become the preffered service among young people who are accustomed to drinking and eating alone. Users can use their smartphones to book their types of cars and hours of rent, and then go to a nearby designated parking lot to use their reserved cars. You can open a designated car door with a smart phone and drive. It is a very convenient service to pay for the distance you drive. However, the car-sharing service already in use in business has the following problems: underage who do not have a driver's license may drive a car borrowed by an acquaintance, the status of a license registered at the time of join membership with a car-sharing company may change to a suspension or cancellation of a license while renting and driving, or even a drunk person may rent a car and drive. In this paper, the method to solve these problems has been studied and proposed. The proposed method is to reduce the cost of investment by a car-sharing service provider and to minimize user inconvenience. And, it was compared and analyzed with the existing method. For the method to be used efficiently, the active operation of the car-sharing company and the government's policies will have to be supported.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.10 s.267
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• pp.775-778
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• 2006

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by inappropriate hypertrophy of the myocardium and is associated with various clinical presentations ranging from complete absence of symptoms to sudden, unexpected death. These are caused by dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and surgical approaches were initiated. But, the complete resection of hypertrophied midventricular septum is impossible by standard, transaortic approach, because of narrow vision and limited approach. And it leads to inadequate excision, will leave residual left ventricular out-flow tract obstruction or systolic anterior motion of mitral leaflet, and limit symptomatic improvement and patient's survival. We report a case of extended septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of mid-septum in a child. The extended septal myectomy was performed by aortotomy and left ventricular apical incision, and made possible the complete resection of mid-ventricular septum, abnormal papillary muscles and chordae. The patient's symptom was improved and the postoperative course was uneventful.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.65-89
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• 2024

This study examines the response strategies of the National Association of Korean Music Therapists (NAKMT) during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on certification management, professional re-education, and clinical practice operations. Based on written documents and interviews collected from January 2020 to August 2023, it analyzes NAKMT's measures in certification exams, continuing education, academic activities, and infection control, while comparing these strategies with those implemented by the CBMT(Certification Board for Music Therapists) and the AMTA (American Music Therapy Association). During the pandemic, NAKMT transitioned the KCMT certification exams to an online format to ensure continuity of credentialing processes. Additionally, it expanded remote continuing education and strengthened international collaboration by increasing the number of lectures from overseas experts. Furthermore, NAKMT provided infection control guidelines and psychological support manuals to enhance safety for both clients and therapists, thereby implementing strategies aimed at minimizing risks within clinical settings. This analysis provides practical insights into crisis management strategies in the field of music therapy based on the historical precedent of the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.252-263
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• 1984

This study was conducted to find out the effect of thyroid function on Hypophysis, and serum FSH and LH concentrations in female rats. One hundred and forty-four female rats (wistar-imamichi albino rats) of 25 days old were divided into 4 groups; thyroidectomy (Thx.) propylthiouracil (PTU), thyroxine (Thyro.) and control (Cont.) groups. Thirty-six heads of rats were arranged to each group. The thyroid glands of the thyroidectomized groups were removed by surgery. The PTU treated groups were drunk the propylthiouracil solution of 0.05% and the thyroxine treated groups were administered subcutaneously with $30{\mu}g$ per 100 g body weight on 3 days intervals. Every 6 heads of rats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after treatment with time elapse for investigating the weights and histological changes of hypophysis. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The weights of hypophysis at all treated groups were higher than control group, but significantly increased from 3 to 5 weeks. The significance was not recognized between Thyro. and control groups, and Thx. and PTU groups. 2. In the histological changes of hypophysis, eosinophils atrophied from 4 weeks after treatment in Thx. and PTU groups, and basophils showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia from 2 weeks after treatment and thereafter this tendency was more serious showing vacuolization from 4 weeks after treatment. In Thyro. treated group, eosinophils showed slight hypertrophy and basophils atrophied from 5 weeks after treatment but the group showed the similar histological changes in comparison with the control group. 3. The changes of the concentrations of serum FSH at all observation times were significantly recognized among all observation groups. The concentrations in True and PTU groups were significantly lower than those in control group, but those in Thyro. group were significantly higher than those in control group. 4. The changes of the concentrations of serum LH in all treated groups were significantly lower than those in control group. The significance was not recognized between True and PTU group, and Thyro. and control groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2016

Recently, an interest has developed in the use of whole green grains as functional food materials. The present study was conducted to provide the baseline data for the stable production of whole green grains in 20 cultivars of wheat by investigating the greenness of grain with maturation (from $20^{th}$ to $41^{st}$ day after heading, at an interval of 3 days). On the $20^{th}$ day after heading, the grains were dark green with a wrinkled long-oval shape. After the $35^{th}$ day of heading, the grains turned almost yellow with an oval shape. Their redness ('a' value of chromaticity) increased from the $20^{th}$ to $41^{st}$ days after heading, indicating a negative value up to the $32^{nd}$ day after heading. A significant decrease in their chlorophyll content was observed with maturation. The yield of whole green wheat grain (including greenish yellow grain) was the highest from the $32^{nd}$ to $35^{th}$ after heading. Therefore, we concluded that the optimal harvesting period for whole green wheat grain was from the $32^{nd}$ to $35^{th}$ day after heading. The heading time of various cultivars ranged from April 28 to May 5, the time of Jopummil cultivar grew the fastest among them, such as Gurumil, Alchanmil, but Dahongmil got the latest in heading time. The greenness of seven cultivars (Jeokjungmil, Keumkangmil, Jogyeongmil, Jopummil, Baekjungmil, Yeonbaekmil, and Milseongmil) was relatively higher than that of the others. The yield of greenish whole grain was relatively high in six cultivars (Alchanmil, Baekjungmil, Eunpamil, Yeonbaekmil, Dahongmil, and Urimil). Based on their greenness and yield, the Baekjungmil and Yeonbaekmil cultivars have been considered to be optimal for the production of whole green wheat grain.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1994

This paper describes scheduling algorithms of the UNIX operating system and shows an analytical approach to approximate the average conditional response time for a process in the UNIX operating system. The average conditional response time is the average time between the submittal of a process requiring a certain amount of the CPU time and the completion of the process. The process scheduling algorithms in thr UNIX system are based on the priority service disciplines. That is, the behavior of a process is governed by the UNIX process schuduling algorithms that (ⅰ) the time-shared computer usage is obtained by allotting each request a quantum until it completes its required CPU time, (ⅱ) the nonpreemptive switching in system mode and the preemptive switching in user mode are applied to determine the quantum, (ⅲ) the first-come-first-serve discipline is applied within the same priority level, and (ⅳ) after completing an allotted quantum the process is placed at the end of either the runnable queue corresponding to its priority or the disk queue where it sleeps. These process scheduling algorithms create the round-robin effect in user mode. Using the round-robin effect and the preemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in user mode. Using the nonpreemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in system mode. We also consider a process delay due to the disk input and output operations. The average conditional response time is then obtained by approximating the total process delay. The results show an excellent response time for the processes requiring system time at the expense of the processes requiring user time.