• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.766-772
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• 2007

H.264/AVC is a new international standard for the compression of video images, in which a deblocking filter has been adopted to remove blocking artifacts. This paper proposes an efficient architecture of deblocking filter in H.264/AVC. By making good use of data dependence between neighboring $4{\times}4$ blocks, the memory size is reduced and the throughput of the deblocking filter processing is increased. Compared to the conventional deblocking filters, the proposed architecture enhances the performance of deblocking filter processing from 1.75 to 4.23 times. Hence the proposed architecture is able to perform real-time deblocking of high-resolution($2048{\times}1024$) video applications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1687-1693
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• 2013

This paper addresses an adaptive postprocessing technique to remove blocking effects of the highly compressed images. The proposed technique removes blocking effects selectively by applying filters with different strength according to block analysis based on the directional activity. One-dimensional filters which are used to remove grid noises accomplish the adaptive filtering to the signal itself as well as to the directionality of the block. Moreover, we propose a detection method of the staircase noises and corner outliers and a two-dimensional directional filter to remove them. Experimental results for various images and bitrates show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods in PSNR for the objective performance and GBIM for the subjective quality evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.699-706
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• 2008

H.264/AVC is a new international standard for the compression of video images, in which a deblocking filter has been adopted to remoye blocking artifacts. This paper proposes an efficient architecture of deblocking filter in H.264/AVC. By making good use of data dependence between neighboring $4{\times}4$ blocks, the memory sire is reduced and the throughput of the deblocking filter processing is increased. The designed deblocking filter further enhances the parallelism by simultaneously executing horizontal and vertical filtering within a macroblock in pipeline method and adopting overlap between macroblocks. The implementation result shows that the proposed architecture enhances the performance of deblocking filter processing from 1.75 to 4.23 times than that of the conventional deblocking filter. Hence the Proposed architecture of deblocking filter is able to perform real-time deblocking in high-resolution($2048{\times}1024$) video applications.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1998

멀티미디어 서비스를 비롯한 다양한 서비스를 제공하여 줄 광대역 종합 통신망의 성능은 망을 구성하는 핵심적인 요소인 교환기의 성능에 크게 좌우된다. ATM교환용 스위치의 구조로 다단 상호 접속망인 Banyan 망을 설정하였으며 , Banyan망은 블록킹 현상으로 인한 성능의 한계가 있다. 블록킹 현상의 완화를 위해 입력단에 선입선출 방식의 버펄르 둔 입력 Buffered Banyan망과 셀우회이론을 사용한 입력 buffered banyan 망 각각에 단조버퍼링 방식을 적용, 성능을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 셀 우회이론을 사용한 Buffered Banyan 망이 선입선출 방식의 Buffered Banyan 망보다 성능이 우수하며 단조 증가 버퍼링 방식이 단조 감소 버퍼링 방식보다 성능이 우수하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2014

Blocking and ringing artifacts continue to be the most serious defects that occur in images and video streams compressed to low bit rates using block-based discrete cosine transform(DCT) compression standards. These artifacts contain the high frequency components near the block and the edge boundaries. Usually the lowpass filter can remove them. However, simple lowpass filter results into blur by removing important information such as edges at the same time. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel postfiltering algorithm that calculate the weight value based on the intensity similarity in the neighboring pixels and multiply this weight to the Gaussian lowpass filter coefficient. Experimental results show that the proposed technique provides satisfactory performance in both objective and subjective image quality.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2008

H.264/AVC supports variable block motion compensation, multiple reference images, 1/4-pixel motion vector accuracy, and in-loop deblocking filter, compared with the existing compression technologies. While these coding technologies are major functions of compression rate improvement, they lead to high complexity at the same time. For the H.264 video coding technology to be actually applied on low-end / low-bit rates terminals more extensively, it is essential to improve tile coding speed. Currently the deblocking filter that can improve the moving picture's subjective image quality to a certain degree is used on low-end terminals to a limited extent due to computational complexity. In this paper, a performance improvement method of the deblocking filter that efficiently reduces the blocking artifacts occurred during the compression of low-bit rates digital motion pictures is suggested. In the method proposed in this paper, the image's spatial correlational characteristics are extracted by using the variable block information of motion compensation; the filtering is divided into 4 modes according to the characteristics, and adaptive filtering is executed in the divided regions. The proposed deblocking method reduces the blocking artifacts, prevents excessive blurring effects, and improves the performance about $30{\sim}40%$ compared with the existing method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06d
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

MPEG-4 부호화기는 16×16 픽셀로 이루어진 매크로 블록을 기본 단위로 하는 비디오 객체에 대해 움직임 추정과 움직임 보상을 수행한다. 이때 이전 블록과 현재 블록간의 차이를 8×8 블록으로 BCT하여 압축한다. DCT는 영상 신호의 에너지를 낮은 대역으로 집중시켜 낮은 에너지를 갖는 고주파 성분을 제거하여 정보를 압축하므로 복원된 영상은 블록의 경계선이 표시되는 블록킹 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 4×4 블록과 8×8 블록을 이용하여 DCT하는 가변 블록 변환 방식을 사용한다. 이는 작은 크기의 블록을 사용하므로 블록내 주파수의 분포를 비교적 좁은 영역으로 변환할 수 있어 블록킹 현상을 줄일 수 있다. 또한 INTRA 프레임의 DCT 과정에서 4개의 DCT 변환 블록중 하나를 이웃하는 블록의 DC 계수와 화소값들을 이용하여 그 값을 예측하여 DCT계수를 결정하고 INTER 프레임에서는 간략화된 정수 DCT의 사용과 작은 블록단위의 작업으로 인한 부호화의 부담을 줄인 다.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a real time post-processing visual enhancement technique to reduce the blocking artifacts in block based DCT decoded image for mobile devices that have allocation of the restricted resource. In order to reduce the blocking artifacts effectively even while preserving the image edge to the utmost, the proposed algorithm uses the deblocking filtering or the directional filtering according to the edge detection of the each pixel. After it is discriminated that the pixel to apply the deblocking filtering belongs again to the monotonous area, the weighted average filter with the adaptive mask is applied for the pixel to remove the blocking artifacts. On the other hand, a new directional filter is utilized to get rid of staircase noise and preserve the original edge component. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produces better results than those of the conventional algorithms in both subjective and objective qualities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.284-289
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• 2008

H.264/AVC among moving picture compression standard is the standard format for high compression rate and reliable video transimission. It generates blocking effects in video due to compressing video using block-based DCT and includes de-blocking filter to reduce blocking effect. Therefore, the filter makes the video over-smoothing and the quality of it is reduced. In this paper, we propose a improved de-blocking filter to solve the demerit. The proposed de-blocking filter redetermine the block boundary strength and apply the comer filtering to eliminate artifacts in low frequency domain. To evaluate the performance, we apply the proposed deblocking filter and exiting method to various video and evaluated the quality of image subjectively and objectively by analyzing the result. The simulation result shows the proposed method preserves the edge of video, reduces blocking effects and improves PSNR than the existing method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.585-593
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a deblocking filter hardware architecture for low-power HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding) in-loop for mobile systems. HEVC performs image compression on a block-by-block basis, resulting in blockage of the image due to quantization error. The deblocking filter is used to remove the blocking phenomenon in the image. Currently, UHD video service is supported in various mobile systems, but power consumption is high. The proposed low-power deblocking filter hardware structure minimizes the power consumption by blocking the clock to the internal module when the filter is not applied. It also has four parallel filter structures for high throughput at low operating frequencies and each filter is implemented in a four-stage pipeline. The proposed deblocking filter hardware structure is designed with Verilog HDL and synthesized using TSMC 65nm CMOS standard cell library, resulting in about 52.13K gates. In addition, real-time processing of 8K@84fps video is possible at 110MHz operating frequency, and operation power is 6.7mW.