• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2015

Although instant coffee is less palatable than freshly brewed coffee, it is widely consumed primarily due to its convenience. Frequently, instant coffee is consumed in the form of a coffee-mix. It contains coffee creamer or dried skim milk, and sugar in addition to soluble coffee. The aim of this study was to investigate the volatile aroma compounds (VACs) of instant black coffee mixed with coffee creamer or dried skim milk by Gas Chromatography-Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (GC-HS-SPME) and sensory evaluation. A total of 16 different coffee samples including instant black coffee and coffee mixes with coffee creamer or dried skim milk, were chosen for this study. The coffee samples contained several common VACs such as pyrazine, pyridine, and pyrrole. Sensory evaluation indicated that the flavor intensity of coffee mix was less pronounced than that of instant black coffee alone. Coffee creamer and skim milk had little distinctive aroma per se; however, they significantly contributed to the flavor profile of coffee mixes, suggesting that coffee creamer and skim milk acted as flavor modifiers in coffee mix.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2015

The principal objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and synergistic effects of fruit and vegetable concentrates. Ten foods from two categories, including fruits (raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, acai berry, aronia, cranberry, wild berry, and red grape) and vegetables (spinach and cabbage) were combined in pairs. The antioxidant activity of the individual and combined samples was measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Synergistic antioxidant activities of the combinations of cabbage and acai berry, and blueberry and cranberry showed the most significant (p<0.05) increase in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. In addition, the combination of cabbage and red grape demonstrated significantly high synergistic interaction in both DPPH and FRAP assays (p<0.05). These results indicate the importance of strategic selection of foods and their composition ratio for maximum synergistic antioxidant activity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.425-431
• /
• 2005

New type of supercapacitor using high surface area activated carbons mixed with high conductivity polypyrrole (Ppy) has been prepared in order to achieve low impedance and high energy density. Mixed carbons of BP-20 and MSP-20 were used as the active electrode material, and polypyrrole doped with 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (2-NSA) and carbon black (Super P) as conducting agents were added to activated carbons in order to enhance good electric conductivity. Electrodes prepared with the activated electrode materials and the conducting agents were added to a solution of organic binder [P(VdF-co-HFP) / NMP]. The ratio of optimum electrode composition was 78 : 17 : 5 wt.％ of (MSP20 : BP-20=1 : 1), (Super P : Ppy=10 : 7) and P(VdF-co-HFP) respectively. The performance of unit cell with addition of 7 wt％ Ppy have shown specific capacitance of 28.02 F/g, DC-ESR of $1.34{\Omega}$, AC-ESR of $0.36{\Omega}$, specific energy of 19.87 Wh/kg and specific power of 9.77 kW/kg. With addition of Ppy, quick charge-discharge of unit cell was possible because of low ESR, low charge transfer resistance and quick reaction rate. And good stability up to 500 chargedischarge cycles were retained about 80％ of their original capacity. It was concluded that the specific capacitance originated highly from compound phenomena of the pseudocapacitance by oxidation-reduction of polypyrrole and the nonfaradaic capacitance by adsorption-desorption of activated carbons.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.152-164
• /
• 2015

A rapid development of semiconductors, sensors and mobile network technologies has enable that the embedded device includes high sensitivity sensors, wireless communication modules and a video processing module for vehicular environment, and many researchers have been actively studying the smart car technology combined on the high performance embedded devices. The vehicle is increased as the development of society, and the risk of accidents is increasing gradually. Thus, the advanced driver assistance system providing the vehicular status and the surrounding environment of the vehicle to the driver using various sensor data is actively studied. In this paper, we design and implement the smart vehicular camera device providing the V2X communication and gathering environment information. And we studied the method to create the metadata from a received video data and sensor data using video analysis algorithm. In addition, we invent S-ROI, D-ROI methods that set a region of interest in a video frame to improve calculation performance. We performed the performance evaluation for two ROI methods. As the result, we confirmed the video processing speed that S-ROI is 3.0 times and D-ROI is 4.8 times better than a full frame analysis.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2020

In this study, we conducted alkali hydrolysis on sea-island type PET ultramicrofiber tricot fabric and dyeing according to the various conditions with black disperse dye. Herein, we evaluated the weight loss rate and tensile strength according to the NaOH contents. The optimal alkali hydrolysis treatment conditions were set to 25 %omf NaOH with a treatment time of 60 min at 110 ℃, and average weight loss rate of the PET ultramicrofiber tricot fabric is about 23 %. The dyeing conditions were investigated with different dyeing temperatures(95-135 ℃), dyeing time(20-60 min), dye contents(2-10 %omf), dispersant contents(1-9 g/ℓ), pH buffer solution contents(1-9 g/ℓ), UV-absorbent contents(5-25 %omf) and reduction cleaning process conditions for black color. We obtained the optimum conditions of the dyeing with the dye contents of 8 %omf, the dispersant contents of 1 g/ℓ, the pH buffer solution contents of 1 g/ℓ, the UV-absorbent contents of 10 %omf, the dyeing temperature of 135 ℃ and the dyeing time of 40 min. The light colorfastness of dyed ultramicrofiber PET tricot fabric was good to excellent in the range of 4 to 5.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2004

It is important for designers to be supported with their decision-making on colours which is often based on personal distinction rather than logical dialogue that may lead to confusion within communicating with others. To help these problems and to gain productivity, we would like to propose a way to define colour grouping method. In other words, the purpose of this study is to help to improve the communication and productivity within the design and designers. The grouping was based and inspired by from the studies of Kobayashi, Hideaki Chijiawa, Allis Westgate and Martha Gill. The study of grouping is based on the "tones" of each group, as they seem to reflect a designer s sentimentalism of chosen colours the best. Each of these groups will be named Bright , Pastel ,Deep and Neutral The general concept of each groups are: - Bright: high quality of pixels of primary colour - Pastel: primary colour with white - - Deep: Primary colour with gray or black - Neutral: colours that does not include any of above Each of the colour group has been allocated into Si-Hwa Jung's colour charts and colour prism to visualize the relationships between the colour groups. These four groups and the colours included in them will be broken down to smaller groups in order to make colour palette. This would break the barrier and result in using colours in groups as well as crossover coordination. This study would result in new ways of using colurs for designers designers

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1118-1125
• /
• 2014

The past IMF foreign exchange crisis and subprime financial crisis had a big influence on variability of macroeconomics, even if the origin of its occurrence might be different. This not only had a significant infrequence on the overall industries, but also produced many insolvent companies by being closely linked with a management environment of an individual construction company leading the construction industry. The purpose of this research is to investigate characteristics of management condition of construction company according to the size of construction company using KMV model developed on the basis of the Black & Scholes option pricing theory. This research has set 28 construction companies listed to KOSPI/KOSDAQ for applying the KMV model and measuring the level of the default risk of construction companies. The data was retrieved from TS2000 established by Korea Listed Companies Association (KLCA), Statistics Korea. The analysis period is between first quarter of 2004 and fourth quarter of 2010. This research examine characteristics of the level and fluctuation process of the management condition of construction company according to the size of construction company.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2009

According to the accident statistics published by the National Police Agency in 2007, the number of commercial vehicle(city, suburb and other buses) accidents consumes 3.5 percent of the total number of traffic accidents in this year. Since the commercial vehicles are responsible for not only the drivers but also the passengers, it leads more serious social and economic problems. There have been various forms of systems such as a digital speedometer or a black box to meet the social requirement for reducing traffic accidents and safe driving. however the system based on the data after accident control the driver by analyze dangerous drive behaviors, so there is a limit to control driver in real-time. Also speedometer currently managed provide the driver warning information in real-time, but using only the speed of vehicle and RPM information regardless of actual dangerous drive behaviors, disappear the effectiveness. In this study performed a simulation for drivers in general using a simulator programed with dangerous driving types we had developed in the previous study and judging the types. It'd be more effective system to provide the drivers warning information using weight valued in this study. However in this study is limited to apply weight as a result of simulation of drivers in general in actual situation should be made up the deficit based on information of driving type of actual commercial vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 2011

Reactive ion etching (RIE) technique for maskless surface texturing of mc-silicon solar wafers has been applied and succeed in fabricating a grass-like black-silicon with an average reflectance of $4{\pm}1%$ in a wavelength range of 300~1,200 nm. In order to investigate the optimized texturing conditions for mass production of high quantum efficiency solar cell Surface characteristics such as the spatial distribution of average reflectance, micrscopic surface morphology and minority carrier lifetime were monitored for samples from saw-damaged $15.6{\times}15.6\;cm^2$ bare wafer to key-processed wafers as well as the mc-Si solar cells. We observed that RIE textured wafers reveal lower average reflectance along from center to edges by 1% and referred the origin to the non-uniform surface structures with a depth of 2 times deeper and half-maximum width of 3 times. Samples with anti-reflection coating after forming emitter layer also revealed longer minority carrier lifetime by 40% for the edge compared to wafer center due to size effects. As results, mc-Si solar cells with RIE-textured surface also revealed higher efficiency by 2% and better external quantum efficiency by 15% for edge positions with higher height.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.4932-4939
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of general status of drinking culture among college students in Korea. Three hundred college students answered the self-administered questionnaire from May 6 to May 10 in 2009. The questionnaire consisted of drinking-related behavior by gender, recognition and need for moderation in drinking program, and the reason for stopping drinking by gender. The statistical method was done by SPSS WIN version 14.0. The first drinking time was high school comprising 41.0% of the respondents. The reason for drinking was to get the personal relationship. The experience of blackout was 50.3% in twice a year and 26.0% in twice per six months. The reasons for stopping drinking were health problem(36.9%), personal relationship(34.5%), and financial difficulty(20.8%). These results will make it possible to establish the right drinking habit, prevention of sexual violence and vehicle accident and health promotion of the students.