• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.1 s.28
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

통과대(通過對)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중제출적여불면상관적17편경문적고찰(中提出的與不眠相關的17篇經文的考察), 진행불면원인적연구(進行不眠原因的硏究), 득출여하결논(得出如何結論): 수면화불면(睡眠和不眠), 여인체내위기적활동유관(與人體內衛氣的活動有關). 즉백주위기행어양분(卽白晝衛氣行於陽分), 고능소성(故能蘇醒); 이야만위기행어음분(而夜晩衛氣行於陰分), 칙능입수(則能入睡). 위기능구순리지출입내외, 기력양시유오장적정기제공적(其力量是由五臟的精氣提供的). 인차개괄이언(因此槪括而言), 불면적원인시음허양왕적상태(不眠的原因是陰虛陽旺的狀態). 수연불면불과시일종병증(雖然不眠不過是一種病症), 단기원인시다양적(但其原因是多樣的). 재경문중소견적원인(在經文中所見的原因), 진행개괄여하(進行槪括如下): 양기원성(陽氣元盛), 양명경실조(陽明經失調), 위중불화(胃中不和), 오장수손상(五臟受損傷), 혹인년노오장정기불족(或因年老五臟精氣不足), 인광증혹혼백비양이(因狂症或魂魄飛揚而) 치적다몽등심리장애(致的多夢等心理障碍), 비생리성수사체류(非生理性水邪滯留), 인침자오치이치적음정손상혹수사조장(因針刺誤治而致的陰精損傷或水邪助長).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1993

Studies were carried out to investigate physiological and biochemical analysis of recessive lethal mutant "nmn" and to observe the cuticle formation and dermal gland. All nmn homozygous larvae continued to eat a few mulberry leaves, and died without entering into molt. In case of artificial hatching, eggs had a higher nmn individual segregation ratio than in hibernating eggs. The percentage of nmn individuals with the hatching days was alike during 3days period. As a result of histological observation, nmn mutants dermal gland was different from normal dermal gland in form and size. Normal was formed new cuticle in the middle of the molting, but not in nmn mutant. Total protein content in haemolymph of the normal larva was more than that of nmn smutant and there was a difference between normal and nmn mutant protein components.omponents.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.991-1007
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare depression and quality of life(QOL) according to the severity of insomnia in elderly. Method: The survey participants were 463 community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older. Severity of insomnia was measured by assessing a time-length to get to sleep, the number of breaks in sleep, a time-length to get to sleep after awakening, and a usual sleep pattern. Depression and QOL was measured, respectively, a modified Zung's depression scale and SF-36. The data were collected from May to June in 2005 and analyzed using the SPSS program for descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and ANOVA with Scheffe test. Results: A majority of the participants(75.6%) presented mild(65.0%) or severe(10.6%) insomnia. Severity of insomnia was different depending on sex, a marriage status, and sleep patterns such as hours of sleep on average, time to go to bed, and time of awakening(p<0.05). Depression and QOL were related to the severity of insomnia(p<0.05). The elderly suffering from insomnia needs nursing interventions considering demographics and sleep patterns in oder to prevent depression and to improve QOL. Future research is in need for predicting and preventing depression and QOL in elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2019

Objectives: Insomnia patients who visited the psychiatric outpatient of a university department, were divided into those patients with insomnia alone and those with depression or anxiety disorder, along with insomnia. The study analyzed their demographic characteristics and the differences in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) results among the patient groups. Methods: Patients who visited the psychiatric department in Konkuk University hospital from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2018. If they were diagnosed with insomnia disorder based on DSM IV-TR and had undergone STAI, their electronic records were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the records, the patients were classified into those with insomnia disorder only, those with insomnia and anxiety disorder, and those with insomnia and depressive disorder. This study analyzed the demographic characteristics and STAI results of each group, and compared the differences among those groups. Results: During the period, 99 of 329 insomnia disorder patients who had performed STAI were diagnosed with depressive concurrent disorder and 61 with concurrent anxiety disorder. There was no difference in demographic characteristics of age and sex ratio among the three patient groups, and all had greater than 70% proportions of patients aged from 50s to 70s (71.8%, 77.1%, and 73.8% respectively). The average scores of STAI-I were 51.85 ± 10.15 for the patients with anxiety disorders and 54.18 ± 10.32 for those with depressive disorders, both of which were higher than the score of the patients with insomnia alone (44.55 ± 8.89). However, the score difference was not statically significant between the anxiety and depression groups. Similarly, in the STAI-II comparison, the averages of patients with anxiety or depressive disorders along with insomnia were 49.98 ± 8.31 and 53.19 ± 10.13 respectively, which were higher than that of the insomnia only group (42.71 ± 8.84), but there was no significant difference between the anxiety and depressive disorder groups. Conclusion: Although there were no differences in demographic data between the patients with insomnia only and those with accompanying depressive or anxiety disorder, the STAI-I and II scores were lower in the insomnia only group. In the future, it is necessary to consider other demographic characteristics including comorbidities and to conduct similar analyses with a larger sample.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1998

Studies were carried out to investigate phenotypic expression, mortality and biochemical analysis of haemolymph proteins of nm-d, nm-f, nm-k and nmn bib-molting mutants of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The non-molting mutants characters were expressed in the homozygote of each mutant genes. All strains of non-molting mutants were similar with each other in physiological characteristics, but the expression varied with each strains. The larvae of nm-d, nm-i and nmn died between day 5 and day 9 after hatching without the first molt. The nm-f and nm-k mutants died between day 5 and day 16 with a slight increase of body weight and, more than 90% of the mutants larvae died before the first molt and a few of them survived to the 2nd and the 3rd instar and died. The haemolymph protein components of nm-d, nm-i, and nmn were rapidly reduced, and on the other hand those of nm-f and nm-k consistently until they died. And there were no distinguishable difference in haemolymph components of non-molting mutants, as compared to those normals.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.72-74
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• 1991

The recessive lethal mutation 'non-molting of Nho' (symbol, ㎚n) was founded on one preservation stocks. All dwarf larvae continued to eat a few mulberry leaves and very slightly increasing body-size over a 7 days, and then died without entering into molt. Linkage experiments showed that ㎚n was linked with Knob(K) on the 11th linkage group. Precise localization of the gene was performed by mating with ㎚ gene. This mutant was confirmed to be allelic with the ㎚ gene located on the same chromosome.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

Objectives : Insomnia may be one of the risk factor for suicidal ideation, but little is known about the mechanism by which sleep disturbances confer risk for suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate examine whether insomnia severity would be associated with resilience and suicidal ideation, and whether resilience would mediate the relationship between insomnia and suicidal ideation. Methods : A total of 432 community-dwelling adults(227 male, 205 female,) completed the self-report questionnaire that covered basic socio-demographic data. To assess the psychological variables, the following instruments were applied: Insomnia Severity Index(ISI), Korean Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(K-CD-RISC), Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHOP) and Scale for Suicidal Ideation(SSI-Beck). People with an ISI score of 8 or higher were defined as insomnia. Results : Greater insomnia symptom severity was significantly associated with higher level of suicidal ideation and lower level of resilience, adjusting for hopelessness, age, sex, presence of family members living together, and household income. Additional analysis revealed that disturbance of sleep initiation and disturbance of sleep maintenance were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Mediation analyses revealed that resilience significantly accounted for the relationship between insomnia symptom severity and suicidal ideation. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the evaluation and control of insomnia and resilience may be needed to reduce the risk of suicide.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.147-149
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• 1997

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to present two treatment cases of psoriasis with insomnia. Methods: We administered Guibi-tang medication to the psoriasis patients with insomnia and tested the results by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) as well. Results: After the treatment both the patients showed improvements in PASI and ISI as well. PASI of Patient 1 changed from 15.2 to 1.2 along with the change of ISI from 27 to 2. In case of Patient 2, PASI changed from 14.6 to 1.8 while ISI changed from 21 to 6. Conclusions: The results suggest that Guibi-tang can be an effective treatment for insomnia and psoriasis as well. Further studies will be needed to demonstrate conclusively the effect of Guibi-tang on psoriasis cure.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.153-178
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• 2009

隨著文明的發達, 強度越來越大的夜生活使現代人的睡眠經常不能維持身體生理之所需. 可見, 對維持現代人的健康所需的睡眠的重要性, 不可隨便看過. 近來, 西醫學提出, 睡眠對於生命體起著恢複元氣的功能機能. 心臟從人出生到死亡, 始終搏動不已. 這一心臟的搏動, 實際上亦有緩急之差, 人的感情愈是安定, 心搏便愈會緩慢而安寧. 一般人在睡眠時, 其意識也會處於休息狀態, 結果心情得到鎮定, 心搏也變得安定, 從而使心臟也得到相應休息. 人的神志活動的物質基礎爲血, 而血的生成則是在中焦完成的. 肝藏血的功能是與心主血的功能相關的重要機能, 肝藏血是在人睡臥時形成的. 這種與血有關的心, 肝, 脾的相關性在神志活動中亦會有所表現, 而寤寐亦可看做是神志活動的一部分. 所謂睡眠是指意識活動停止的休息狀態, 屬於生命的基本現象, 乃人體生存的不可缺少的一個方面, 而活動狀態則爲相反的概念, 亦即生命的休息狀態. 至於睡眠障礙, 大致可分不眠和嗜眠兩類. 關於心臟與睡眠的相關性, 若心臟采取休息的睡眠時間有所減少, 將引起心臟的過勞, 結果可誘發心臟病的發作. 就象自然界中存在晝夜一樣, 人體也存在著寤寐, 這說明人也是自然的一部分, 只有晝間活動夜晚睡覺, 才是順應於自然的生命規律.