• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.161-180
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• 2007

The goal of this study is to examine what sort of books people read repeatedly, what are the different preferences between men and women, how much the repeatedly-read books are related to the most memorable books and how the repeatedly-read books are connected to reading habits. A questionnaire was provided to college students and their repeated reading experiences were searched. The results of the statistical analysis are summarized : 1) Most college students have experienced repeated reading more than twice. 2) The number of college students who have experienced repeated reading twice is the highest and next, those who have read repeatedly 3 times. Also, the number of times of repeated reading tends to be similar between male and female students. 3) The books which many students read repeatedly more than twice are : a) Romance of 3 Kingdoms b) Little Prince c) Da Vinci Code d) Alchemist e) Chinese nine spine stickle back f) Meu Pe do Larania Lima g) Harry potter. 4) About half of the students have read the most memorable books many times. 5) The importance of books was evaluated on the basis of the number of repeated readers and the number of readings. The order of the important books is Three Romans of 3 kingdoms, Little Prince, Da Vinci Code, Meu Pe do Larania Lima, Tuesdays with Mollie, Harry Potter, and The Myth of Greece and Rome. 6) The preferred books by male college students are mostly the stories of fighters while female likes books that contain deep emotion and morality. More than half of the males' repeated reading was Romance of 3 Kingdoms while the preferred books of females are distributed widely.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 1997

"The "Map Algebra", beeing recognized as a viable theoretical framework for GIS (Geographica Infonnation System), models map layers as "operands" which are the basic unit of geo-processing, and a variety of GIS commands as "operators." In this paper, we attempt at lifting some limitations of map algebras proposed in GIS literature. First, we model map layer as "function" such that we may employ the notion of meta operator (or, higher-order funtion) available in the functional programming paradigm. This approach provides map algebraic language with "programmability" needed in GIS user language. Second, we extend the semantics of, and improve on the sytactic structure of map algebraic language. Mer the data model and language associated with map algebra are formalized, we proceed to design and implement a prototype of map algebraic processor. The parser of the language in our prototype plays the role of transforming the native and heterogeneous user language of current GISs into a canonical map algebraic language. The prototype, named "MapSee" is a proof-of-concept system for the ideas we propsed in this paper. We believe that the uniform interface based on the map algebraic language will make promising infrastructure to support "Internet GIS." This is because the uniform but powerful interface through the Web clients allow access to both geo-data and geo-processing resources distributed over the network.to both geo-data and geo-processing resources distributed over the network.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

Closed-circuit television(CCTV) is a facility that forms the backbone of the ubiquitous services provided by the Integrated Management Center of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Integrated Control Center of the Ministry of the Interior. However, it is installed and managed according to different laws, as it is operated and managed by each department. Moreover, because there are no regulatory grounds for unified management of CCTV, each municipality responsible for the actual management manages it based on the individual standards of each department. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a standardized management form to establish an integrated management plan. The author inspected the existing situation by examining the legal system and public data and through hands-on worker interviews, and discovered the managed element by reviewing the specifications of the bidding system. The management form for integrated management comprises the above requirements along with the management histories and linkage of intelligent facilities. A uniform management form for integrated management containing specifications of the CCTVs installed by various departments is created, and is easily searched for facilities to check requirements for joint use. The result of this study can contribute to building the database of facility management system for integrated management of facilities at the integrated management center as well as for a detailed simulation of the selection of location of CCTV depending on the CCTV's specifications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2015

Recent navigation systems provide quick guide services, based on processing real-time traffic information and past traffic information by applying predictable pattern for traffic information. However, the current pattern for traffic information predicts traffic information by processing past information that it presents an inaccuracy problem in particular circumstances(accidents and weather). So, this study presented a more precise predictive traffic information system than historical traffic data first by analyzing route search data which the drivers ask in real time for the quickest way then by grasping traffic congestion levels of the route in which future drivers are supposed to locate. First results of this study, the congested route from Yang Jae to Mapo, the analysis result shows that the accuracy of the weighted value of speed of existing commonly congested road registered an error rate of 3km/h to 18km/h, however, after applying the real predictive traffic information of this study the error rate registered only 1km/h to 5km/h. Second, in terms of quality of route as compared to the existing route which allowed for an earlier arrival to the destination up to a maximum of 9 minutes and an average of up to 3 minutes that the reliability of predictable results has been secured. Third, new method allows for the prediction of congested levels and deduces results of route searches that avoid possibly congested routes and to reflect accurate real-time data in comparison with existing route searches. Therefore, this study enabled not only the predictable gathering of information regarding traffic density through route searches, but it also made real-time quick route searches based on this mechanism that convinced that this new method will contribute to diffusing future traffic flow.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

In Instant message service, the server should process instant messages and request messages which include many presence resources for users. And it also precesses massive notification messages generating from the subscribed presence resources. In this paper a new architecture of instant message service with multiple servers which can distribute loads efficiently as the number of users increases has been suggested. It also provides various functions to users using extended call processing language. The user subscribes presence information and call processing language script which describes user's functions. The server processes instant messages, presence services and call processing language scripts. New extended presence information data structure has been suggested and new call processing language operation tags have been added. Therefore extendability of the system can be increased and various services which combine presence service and call processing can be provided in this system. Furthermore instant message processing module has been integrated in the server to decrease the amount of SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) messages, and it also improves system efficiency, The performance of our proposed system has been analysed by experiments.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.543-559
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• 2019

Data often include missing values due to various reasons. If the missing data mechanism is not MCAR, analysis based on fully observed cases may an estimation cause bias and decrease the precision of the estimate since partially observed cases are excluded. Especially when data include many variables, missing values cause more serious problems. Many imputation techniques are suggested to overcome this difficulty. However, imputation methods using parametric models may not fit well with real data which do not satisfy model assumptions. In this study, we review imputation methods using nonlinear models such as kernel, resampling, and spline methods which are robust on model assumptions. In addition, we suggest utilizing imputation classes to improve imputation accuracy or adding random errors to correctly estimate the variance of the estimates in nonlinear imputation models. Performances of imputation methods using nonlinear models are compared under various simulated data settings. Simulation results indicate that the performances of imputation methods are different as data settings change. However, imputation based on the kernel regression or the penalized spline performs better in most situations. Utilizing imputation classes or adding random errors improves the performance of imputation methods using nonlinear models.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Defense fields widely operate unmanned systems to lower vulnerability and enhance combat effectiveness. In the navy, swarm unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) form a cluster within communication range, share situational awareness information among the USVs, and cooperate with them to conduct military missions. This paper proposes an interface system, i.e., Interface Adapter System(IAS), to achieve inter-USV and intra-USV interoperability. We focus on the mission planning subsystem(MPS) for interoperability, which is the core subsystem of the USV to decide courses of action such as automatic path generation and weapon assignments. The central role of the proposed system is to exchange interface data between MPSs and other subsystems in real-time. To this end, we analyzed the operational requirements of the MPS and identified interface messages. Then we developed the IAS using the distributed real-time middleware. As experiments, we conducted several integration tests at swarm USVs simulation environment and measured delay time and loss ratio of interface messages. We expect that the proposed IAS successfully provides bridge roles between the mission planning system and other subsystems.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.71
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• pp.49-89
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• 2022

This study suggests the necessity and domestic application plan a national authority database that promotes an integrated access, richer search, and understanding of historical information sources and archival resources distributed among cultural heritage institutions through the "Social Networks and Archive Context" project case. As the SNAC project was transformed into an international cooperative organization led by NARA, it was possible to secure a sustainable operating system and realize cooperative authority control. In addition, SNAC authority records have the characteristics of providing richer contextual information about life and history and social and intellectual network information compared to libraries. Through case analysis, First, like SNAC, a cooperative body led by the National Archives and having joint ownership of the National Library of Korea should lead the development and expand the scope of participating institutions. Second, in the cooperative method, take a structure in which divisions are made for each field with special strengths, but the main decision-making is made through the administrative team in which the two organizations participate. Third, development of scalable open source software that can collect technical information in various formats when constructing authority data, designing with the structure and elements of archival authority records, designing functions to control the quality of authority records, and building user-friendly interfaces and the need for a platform design reflecting content elements.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.246-252
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• 2023

A secondary barrier made of glass fiber reinforced composites has been installed infinitely using automatic bonding machine(ABM) in membrane type LNG cargo containment system (CCS). At the same time, significant thermal stress due to cryogenic heat shrinkage has occurred in the composite on the non-bonding area between the adhesive fixation at both ends. There have been studies from the perspective of structural safety evaluation taking this into account, but none that have analyzed mechanical property taking an prolonged length into account. In this study, 2-parameter Weibull distribution statistical analysis was used to standardize reliable mechanical property for actual length, taking into account the composite's brittle fracture of ceramic material with wide fracture strength dispersion. Related experimental data were obtained by performing uniaxial tensile tests at specific temperatures below cryogenic condition considering LNG environment. As a result, the mechanical strength increased about 1.5 times compared to -20℃ at -70℃ and initial non-linear behavior of fiber stretched was suppressed. As the temperature decreased until the cryogenic, the mechanical strength continued to increase due to cold brittleness. The suggested mechanical property in this study would be employed to secure reliable analysis support material property when assessing the safety of secondary barrier's structures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1B
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• pp.101-105
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• 2010

Sunflower (Sunking4505) and Rape (Sunmang) are oil-seeds containing high oleic acid, and these are used for the production materials of bio-diesel and applying for phytoremediation. The effect of cadmium on germination rate and the growth of the plants is evaluated. Object seeds were placed in Cd (0, 1.5, 4, 12, 30, 60, 100, 150, 300, 500 mg/L) solutions for seven days, and germination rate, root length, shoot length, seedling length, and dry weight were observed. $IC_{50}$, seedling vigor index, and tolerance indices were computed, and data were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Germination rate as well as root, shoot, and seedling length decreased as the cadmium concentration increased except dry weight. The $IC_{50}$ of sunflower and rape are 112 and 10 mg-Cd/L, respectively. Only one of the sunflower seeds is germinated at 500 mg-Cd/L whereas rape seeds are not germinated more than 150 mg-Cd/L solution. Root has higher cadmium sensitivity than shoot, and sunflower has higher germination rate, growth, and seedling vigor index than rape. In case of tolerance indices, sunflower has lower value than rape at relatively low concentration, but has higher value at high concentration.