• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.138-149
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• 2018

Purpose: To identify and clarify the concept of labor support. Methods: This study used Schwartz-Barcott & Kim's hybrid model to identify the main attributes and indicators. In the fieldwork stage, data were collected in Seoul and Chenmam, Korea. The participants were five nurses working in the delivery room and four women who delivered more than two children by vaginal delivery. Results: The concept of labor support was found to have nine attributes and 23 indicators in two dimensions. For the physical intervention dimension, five attributes were derived. They were pain relief, selective use of technology, ambulation/positioning, physiological pushing, and increasing comfort. For the labor support practices dimension the attributeswereprovidinginformation, relief and encouragement, family support, and presence. Conclusion: The concept analysis of labor support in this study could provide guidelines for 'labor support' nursing practice and be useful for research in the women's health field.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.297-308
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to define whether NSILQ is useful for the nursing student in supporting women labor room(Nursing Support in Labor Questionnaire). The retrospective study was conducted to identify the helpfulness of nursing student support behaviors as perceived by women in Labor. This sample of 152 women completed two data collection instruments : a demographic & obstetric questionnaire(12) and NSILQ(20). The data were analyzed by Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with SAS program. The result of this study are as follows. 1. All of NSILQ nursing behaviors were perceived as helpful in this study. The total mean of perceived score was $3.4{\pm}0.90$. 2. According to the type of nursing support, the mean of Affect(AT) care was $3.48{\pm}0.79$, the mean of Aid(AD) care was $3.37{\pm}0.82$, the mean of Affirmation(AM) care was $3.35{\pm}0.90$. Among the type of care, the AD care was 52.2%, and the most helpful one. 3. The significant characters of nursing support are antenatal care numbers and husband with or not in labor process. In the group of score of nursing support, the number of antenatal care was low(F=3.90, P=0.02). The score of the group husbands in labor process was higher.(T=4.55, P=0.001). 4. The significant characters of influencing on nursing support required are the person who helped and whether women has job or not. 5. The highest numbers of wanting nursing support are Aid cares(74.3%). The care the women wanted mostly was Aid cares (74.3%; pain control in labor(56.6%), physical comfort(6.6%), coach in labor(3.9%), explain of dilatation(1.3%) in rank.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Doula support during labor on anxiety, labor pain, and perceived childbirth experience of primiparas. Method: Of 65 primiparas who were hospitalized in LDR from March 1 to September 30, 2007. 32 women were placed in the Doula group and 33 in the control group. VAS was used to measure the degree of labor pain and anxiety in the latent, active, and transitional phases. Perceived childbirth experience was measured within 2 hours after birth. Results: The Doula group had a significantly lower anxiety level than the control group in the active phase (t=-2.13, p=.04) and the transitional phase (t=-3.99, p=.000). The degree of labor pain of the Doula group was significantly lower than that of the control group for the active phase (t=-3.10, p=.003) and the transitional phase (t=-7.24, p=.000). Also, There was no significant difference in perceived childbirth experience between the two groups (t=.19, p=.85). Conclusion: The results of this study show Doula support in LDR decreases not only anxiety of primiparas but also labor pain in the active and transitional phases. Therefore Doula support by nurses in LDR can be a useful intervention during childbirth.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.188-202
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-to-one labor support on labor pain, labor stress response, childbirth experience and neonatal status for primipara by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from April 30, 1999 to February 20, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of eighty two primipara with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Forty one were in the experimental group and forty one in the control group. Their mean age was 25.95 years, their mean gestation period was 39.9 weeks. A caring package of one-to-one labor support had three components. Physical support consisted of massage, back pressure, touch. Emotional support was provided by a continuous nurse's presence, acceptance and encouragement. Informational support involved teaching breathing skills, relaxation skills and knowledge about the labor process. Data assessed labor pain, pulse rate and blood pressure to measure labor stress response. Also, in measuring the value of labor stress response, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine and serum cortisol were measured. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's childbirth experiences was collected. Umbilical cord arterial blood pH, one minute and five minute Apgar score were measured after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA with SAS Program. The results were as follows; 1. Labor pain was significantly low in the experimental group(P=.016). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure. 3. The childbirth experience of the experimental group was significantly more positive than the control group (P = .005). 4. The umbilical cord arterial blood pH of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P=.014). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal one minute and five minute Apgar scores. In conclusion, these findings indicate that one-to-one labor support could be effective in decreasing labor pain, and increasing positive childbirth experiences, also increasing the neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood pH for primipara. So, one-to-one labor support could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated levels of childbirth fear and related prenatal factors (self-confidence for childbirth, prenatal depression, knowledge about childbirth, and spousal support) among pregnant women in South Korea. Methods: A correlational study design was used to explore levels of childbirth fear and related prenatal factors in 200 pregnant women over 28 weeks of gestation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure fear of childbirth and related factors, such as self-confidence for childbirth, prenatal depression, knowledge about childbirth, and spousal support. Results: One-third of the pregnant women were aged 35 years and older. Sixty-one percent of women were nulliparae, but only 26.0% had experienced prenatal education. The mean score for fear of childbirth was 66.99 out of 165. The prevalence of fear of childbirth was 72.0%, and childbirth fear was severe in 26.5% of the participants and moderate in 45.5%. Fear of childbirth was negatively related to self-confidence (r=-.45, p<.001), but positively related to prenatal depression (r=.21, p=.002). Two significant predictors were found to explain the fear of childbirth. Higher self-confidence for childbirth was associated with less severe fear of childbirth (β=-.44, p<.001), while higher prenatal depression was associated with more severe fear of childbirth (β=.13, p=.038). Conclusion: The level of fear of childbirth was higher among pregnant women with lower self-confidence and higher prenatal depression. Reasonable evidence should be provided for implementing prenatal and childbirth classes to reduce pregnant women's depression and to increase their confidence.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

Purpose: Maternal-fetal attachment in a pregnant woman is important for her health and for her child's emotional stability. This study was done to identify the contribution of maternal fatigue, social support, and Taegyo to maternal-fetal attachment based on a survey of pregnant women. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation study. Participants were 211 from two women's health clinic centers. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean scores for maternal-fetal attachment, Taegyo, maternal fatigue, and social support were 93.74 (range 25-125), 64.76 (17-85), 24.12 (10-40), and 54.43 (22-132), respectively. There were significant differences in maternal-fetal attachment according to parity, breast feeding experience, and putting prenatal education into practice. Multiple regression analysis showed that the key determinants of maternal-fetal attachment, were Taegyo (${\beta}$=.67), maternal fatigue (${\beta}$=.21), and social support (${\beta}$=.13), and these explained 55% of the total variance of attachment. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to encourage Taegyo in prenatal management program and provide methods for fatigue resolution and promotion of social support.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.333-348
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nursing information on the level of need fulfillment and anxiety of the emergency patient's family members. The quasi-experimental study was designed using a noneqivalent control group non-synchronized design. During the first period, 30 subjects were assigned to the control group and 25 to the experimental group at a late period. The experimental group was provided with nursing information via guide booklet designed by the researcher. The control group received only routine care. Data was collected from January 31 to April 16 in 1996 at the K hospital in Taegu and analysed by chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation with SAS program. The instruments used for this study were the Family Needs Scale developed by Jung and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory developed by Spielberger. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The first hypothesis that the family members who received nursing information will have greater need fulfillment than family members who did not receive nursing information was supported. 2. The second hypothesis that the family members who received nursing information will have lower anxiety level than family members who did not receive nursing information was not supported. 3. The third hypothesis that the more the need of family member of emergency patient was met, the lower the anxiety level, was not supported. In conclusion, it was proved that nursing information about the emergency room provides family members with more need fulfillment, but did not decrease the anxiety level.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the point prevalence of postpartum depression and its predictors during early postpartum in mother of preterm infants. Methods: Participants were 101 women, 2-3 weeks after delivery whose preterm babies were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Data were collected from June 2010 to January 2011. The instruments included 'Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale', 'Prenatal depression', 'Subjective health status of infant', 'Medical staff support', and 'Husband support'. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, and multiple logistic regression with SPSS/WIN version 18.0. Results: The point prevalence was 86.1% that postpartum depression occurred during the early postpartum period in mothers of preterm infants. Three significant predictors of postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants were identified; 'Type of delivery (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.25-24.77)', 'Subjective health status of infant (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70)', and 'Medical staff support (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.97)'. Conclusion: The results indicate that postpartum mothers should be screened for postpartum depression early in the postpartum period and that, medical personnel should pay particular attention to mothers with a caesarean section and should help mothers of preterm babies to develop positive perceptions of their babies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.90-99
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• 2020

The effects of positive psychology promoting programs for undergraduate nursing students were evaluated. The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design; data were collected between June 22 and September 4, 2019. The participants were 37 nursing students, who were assigned to an experimental group (n=18) and a control group (n=19) at two colleges in D and P city. The positive psychology-promoting program was provided for six weeks (12 sessions, 100~120 min.). The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, 𝑥² test, repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t-test with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. After receiving the positive psychology-promoting program, a difference in optimism (F=16.74, p<.001), psychological well-being (F=14.69, p<.001), and stress-coping strategy (problem solving; F=4.35, p=.015, social support; F=3.87, p=.028) was observed between the experimental and control groups. The results indicate that the positive psychology-promoting program was effective in increasing optimism, psychological well-being, and stress coping strategy in undergraduate nursing students. These findings will contribute to the development of a program to improve the mental health of undergraduate nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.599-607
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education on childbirth selfcefficacy and perception of childbirth experience. Methods: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The participants in the study were 31 couples in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The experimental couples were provided with one session on spouse-support enhancement childbirth education the night before delivery. Data were collected at two hours after delivery using the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) and perception of childbirth experience scale. Data were analyzed using PASW statistics 18 program. Frequencies, percentage, mean, $x^2test$, t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Childbirth self-efficacy significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in perception of childbirth experience in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a one-session childbirth education has beneficial effects on enhancing childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant couples. A one-session spouse-support enhancement childbirth education is recommended as an effective nursing intervention to promote couple's childbirth self-efficacy and it is also recommended that modifications of program to promote women's childbirth experience should be considered.