• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.5-28
• /
• 2011

이 논문은 선진민주주의 국가의 선거경쟁에서 제시되는 정당 매니페스토 자료와 사회정책 자료를 사용하여 국가별 정당 간 입장의 차이, 정부당파성과 복지국가의 관계, 그리고 복지국가 이슈에 관한 정당양극화의 문제에 대해 경험적 분석을 제시한다. 이 논문의 분석이 제시하는 바는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선진민주주의 국가의 주요 좌우파 정당 간 사회정책 입장의 차이는 국가별로 편차를 보인다. 복지국가 이슈와 관련한 정당양극화의 정도는 기존 복지국가 체계의 특성, 선거제도, 또는 선거경쟁에서 나타나는 복지국가 이슈의 유형에 따라 다른 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 집권정당의 당파성이 복지국가에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 정당이 복지국가에 미치는 영향이 제한적이거나 혹은 제도적 맥락에 조건지어진다는 점을 고려할 필요가 있다. 어쩌면 정당 및 정부당파성이 복지국가에 미치는 영향은 협의제 민주주의(consensus democracies) 유형의 국가들보다는 다수제 민주주의(majoritarian democracies) 유형의 국가들에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것인지도 모른다. 넷째, 정당의 정책입장의 변화는 경쟁하는 주요정당의 정책변화에 영향을 받기도 한다. 또한 이슈유형에 따라 위치이슈와 합의이슈로 구분할 수 있는데, 각 국가별 선거경쟁과 복지국가 논의는 다양한 형태를 가지면서 진행된다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2019

The industrialization theory that industry and economic development of country has an important influence on the development of the welfare state had become a major theory explaining the development of the welfare state. However, the theory of industrialization faced criticism that the size of public welfare was relatively weak even in advanced industrial countries where industrialization developed. To complement and explain these limitations, The theory of democracy that the welfare state could be expanded as a strategy for election competition, and the theory of power-resources theory that welfare states could develop when the power of unions and left parties demanding welfare states were strengthened. This study uses Fuzzy-set analysis for the data of OECD countries adding industrial structure variables to existing theory of the development of welfare state. The result suggests that the proportion of manufacture such as industry structure of country is important for the development of welfare state.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.5-27
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study is to examine the dicourse of East Asian Welfare Models and its applicability to explain the development of the Korean Welfare State(regime). The Confucianist Welfare State, representing East Asian Welfare Models has limitations in explaining the current features and dynamics of east asian welfare states. Compared to the western and northern european welfare states, the Welfare State(Regime) of Korea, one of the east asian countries show the clear differences in terms of its origin, the background of formulation, the orientation of the policy and the actors. Thus, a new approach to examine the East Asian Welfare Model is needed. As a theoretical framework, the origin and the growth of the Korean Welfare State(Regime) can be understood and explained in the boundary of concept and the theoretical framework of the Authoritative Developmental State; Historically, the democratization of the 1980s and the financial crisis of the end of 1990s in Korea contributed to the growth of the welfare policies and institutions in Korea. Japan, Taiwan and other east asian counties, such as Hong Kong and Singapore have many similarities with Korea in terms of welfare policies and institutions. Comparative studies of these countries can create significant and useful results to develop a new concept and model of East Asian Welfare States. Case studies and active academic exchanges among welfare state researchers in these east asian countries are very important to develop a new concept of East Asian Welfare State Models.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.67 no.2
• /
• pp.161-181
• /
• 2015

This article tries to identify the regulating mechanism of the welfare states on the private spheres of individuals and families. When the welfare state is to be understood as an institutional arrangement which is based upon the 'modernity', the reflectivity on the welfare state is about to be on the modernity and on the institutions as well. Authors assume the welfare state as an historical and developmental type of modern states. The critical components of modernity embedded in birth and growth of modern welfare states projected to their institutions are identified. Welfare states dissociates the political dynamics which have built the foundation of the welfare state itself, and faces against the new political dynamics of the individualized society. Finally, welfare state confronts the institution failure due to its intrinsic characteristics, and consequently individuals and families come across the institution dependency. Individuals in the overly rationalized spheres are being depoliticized, and they are identified themselves as the subjects of status-struggles of the institutions other than the subjects of the political dynamics of welfare states.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.97-122
• /
• 2011

After global economic crisis, most countries increased the welfare expenditure as a part of stimulus package. As a However welfare expenditure was decreased radically as the crisis was transmitted into the financial crisis. Which turning point is the welfare state going through now? Although the need for the welfare and the role of the state to take responsibility of public welfare has increased because of poverty and polarization, responses of the state against the crisis had focused on the aid to the financial industry and cutting taxes and showed limitations in coordination. Financial limitation of welfare expenditure, political individualism, the change of class politics and the mixture of the welfare institutions and financial institutions make have a pessimistic prospect of the retrenchment to the minimalist welfare state. As neoliberal state is continued cash benefits mainly for the middle class is being decreased. As a result, the direction the welfare states pursue is prospected to win over the poor by strengthening selectivity in welfare provision rather than class coordination.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.185-214
• /
• 2012

After the introduction of the three welfare regimes by Esping-Andersen, discussion on 'other' types of welfare regimes was facilitated and the scholarly focus on East Asian economic development gradually shifted to the East Asian welfare states discussion from the late 1990s. Literature on East Asian welfare states increased our understanding on the characteristics of not only the East Asian welfare state as a whole but also of each country in the region. However, compared the attention given to developing variables and empirical studies on the East Asian welfare state, less attention has been given to the concept of East Asian welfare states. Recognizing the limitation in developing comparable variables without a concept analysis of the East Asian welfare states, this study highlights the importance of conceptualization and concept analysis in comparative social policy studies. This paper first discusses on the concepts, conceptualization and on the use of set theory in comparative social policy research. Next, the study argues the validity of 'functional equivalence' in the East Asian welfare state studies and critically reviews the existing literature. Lastly, this paper suggests how the concept of functional equivalence can be successfully employed for the East Asian welfare states studies with a concept analysis and by applying a set theory including the fuzzy set theory.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.217-254
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is comparing fiscal sustainability of 17 welfare states. Borrowed the concept of fiscal space to Ostry et al(2010) and Ghosh et al(2011), this study measures the fiscal sustainability in welfare states. Using data collected from 20 OECD countries from 1986 to 2013, this study attempts to evaluate the financial sustainability of each country. As a result, it is necessary that the appropriate level of tax burden is secured. Tax revenue is the funded basis for maintaining the welfare state, so increasing tax compliance to offset the negative impact of increasing welfare spending will promote social cohesion. In therms of tax structure, in accordance with the ability to pay principle, it is important to raise the equity between the source of taxation. Reducing the gap between labor and capital tax is required to achieve horizontal equity, It is also useful to utilize the financial base of the welfare state by broadening the tax base though a consumption tax. Improving the vertical equity can also make a positive contribution to the fiscal sustainability of the welfare state.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.309-335
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify welfare regimes using the method of qualitative comparative analysis(QCA). By formalizing the logic of qualitative analysis, QCA makes it possible to bring the logic and empirical intensity of qualitative approaches to studies that normally call for the use of quantitative methods. In QCA each case is conceived holistically, as a configuration of conditions, not a collection of scores on variables. Major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, major explanations for welfare state differences are partly supported. Indicators relevant to each explanation can appear to be important only if other causal conditions are considered. For example, in the interventionist welfare states, high GDP per capita must be combined with the weakness of the Right and ethnic homogeneity. Otherwise, it can't discern interventionist from liberalist welfare states. Secondly, the equation for the interventionist welfare states includes multiple causal conjunctures. Many studies of welfare state find the same results. The third main finding is that IDV(individualism index) which is proxy for the weakness of informal network matters. Combining with other variables, IDV seems to be important in explaining the emergence of Confucian welfare states.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.305-332
• /
• 2018

This study explores the effectiveness of employment-oriented welfare state by analyzing the mediating role of employment rate on the relationship between public welfare effort and fiscal soundness. Notably, this study considers the quality of employment into the analysis: part-time work, involuntary part-time work and low-wage work in analysis. The data sample consists of 18 OECD countries which initiated employment-oriented welfare strategy after the crisis of welfare state. An analysis was conduct based on Baron & Kenny(1986)'s method and panel two-stage model to handle the endogeneity problem. The results show that while the high level of public welfare effort negatively affects the fiscal soundness if it contributes to boosting employment rates, it has positive effects on the fiscal soundness. However, when the incidence of involuntary part-time employment and low-wage employment is high, the mediating impact of employment rate on the fiscal soundness disappears. This study argues that unless the quality of employment is taken into consideration, the positive effect of employment-oriented welfare state strategy to improve the fiscal soundness is not fully guaranteed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
• /
• no.36
• /
• pp.35-64
• /
• 2011

This research reviews the education welfare priority support project and analyzes its policy from the welfare-state perspective. This study evaluates the policy contents, overall procedures, and the changes in the perspectives of the project in accordance with the political power changes in the government, and illuminates future directions. For this, the research infers desirable typology of the welfare state, and analogizes the budget, the target population, key issues and delivery systems of the education welfare priority support project. Education welfare priority support project still remains to follow a selective and hierarchical business format, despite the legally stated initiatives, growing budget, and the expansion of the operation which has been governed by the policy makers. Particularly, the state of this project, and examine whether or not it has been distorted by the governmental emphasis on the educational outcomes and performance should continuously be examined as a future direction of the research. Finally, the study suggests several recommendations for the desirable anchorage of the project within the framework of being a prospective welfare state.