• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.550-563
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• 2000

This study was carried out in order to elucidate the fundamental data on the taste compounds between wild and cultured fishes produced on Chungmu and Wando at the southern coast areas of Korea. For this purpose, the food components of cultured fishes such as red sea bream Pagnus major, Sebastes pachycephalus and flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus being spot lighted for the main sea fish, the staple food and high economic fish were investigated and compared with those of the wild ones. There was a little appreciable difference in the proximate compositions of all the species from localities between wild and cultured fishes. But according to the growing conditions, wild fishes were higher in moisture contents and lower in crude lipid content than those of cultured fishes and little difference was seen in protein and ash contents between the two. With regard to the nucleotides and their related compounds, i.e. ADP, IMP and inosine were detected but ATP and hypoxanathine were not from them. On the other hand, there were little difference in the total taste compounds of all the species from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. But all the species were higher in IMP content. The total of seventeen amino acids were detected in samples. The highly contents of glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, proline, leucine, alanine, valine and alginine were showed and less low contents of cystein, histidine, methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were detected. The total amino acids of the others were much alike in that composition. Little difference was seen from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured ones. The free amino acids were much alike in that composition of all the species. There was little difference in the free amino acid compositions all the species from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. But taurine was dominant, showing from 39% to 65% of the free amino acid content and it is followed by hydroxyproline, lysine, alanine and glycine in other. There were differences in the organic acid compositions of all the species from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. In addition, cultured fishes were more abundant in the total organic acid compositions than those of wild ones.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.242-251
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• 2011

A curriculum of study demands a change as period of time and society evolve. Therefore, at this point where changes are required, this study is to analyze and evaluate the curriculums which will enhance and improve current studies as a preceding stage. The research was based on the survey by groups of education experts and 19 universities with current curriculum of study in radiologic science, and their references. The study was focused on the scope of work by radiologic technologist, change of college systems, academic research about radiologic science, and the improvement and the future of radiologic science field in perspective to globalization and the digital era. In terms of work scope, angiography and interventional radiology at 6 to 8 schools, fluoroscopy at 4 schools, ultrasound and practices at 6 schools, magnetic resonance image at 2 schools were found to be unestablished. The basic medical subjects, humuan physiology, human anatomy and practices, medical terminology courses were set up at most schools; however, pathology at 5 schools, image anatomy at 6 schools, clinical medicine at 11 schools were yet opened. Among the basic science and engineering subjects, general biology and its practices at 11 schools, general physics and its practices at 14 schools, and general chemistry and its practices at 8 schools were established which is about a half from a total number of schools. Only 4-5 schools established digital subjects such as, health computer, computer programming, PACS which are the basic major subjects. In order to provide academic improvement in radiologic science, digitalized education and globalization, and basis for future-oriented education for the field of radiologic science, including expanded scope of work, it is acknowledged that curriculums that are opened and run at each school need to be standardized. Therefore, the need for introduction of certificate for the radiologic science education courses are suggested.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.214-227
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• 2013

Computed tomographic scan as a screening procedures in asymptomatic individuals has seen a steady increase with the introduction of multiple-raw detector CT scanners. This report provides a brief review of the current controversy surrounding CT cancer screening, with a focus on the radiation induced cancer risks and clinical efficacy. 1. A large study of patients at high risk of lung cancer(the National Lung Screening Trial[NLST]) showed that CT screening reduced cancer deaths by 20%(1.33% in those screened compared with 1.67% in those not screened). The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% and 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group were false-positive. Radiation induced lung cancer risk was estimated the most important in screening population because ERR of radiation induced lung cancer does not show the decrease with increasing age and synergistic connection between smoking and radiation risk. Therefore, the radiation risk may be on the same order of magnitude as the benefit observed in the NLST. Optimal screening strategy remain uncertain, CT lung cancer screening is not yet ready for implementation. 2. Computed tomographic colonography is as good as colonoscopy for detecting colon cancer and is almost as good as colonoscopy for detecting advanced adenomas, but significantly less sensitive and specific for smaller lesions and disadvantageous for subsequent therapeutic optical colonoscopy if polyps are detected. The average effective dose from CT colonography was estimated 8-10 $mS{\nu}$, which could be a significant dose if administered routinely within the population over many years. CT colonography should a) achieve at least 90% sensitivity and specificity in the size category from 6 and 10 mm, b) offer non-cathartic bowl preparation and c) be optimized and standardized CT parameters if it is to be used for mass screening. 3. There is little evidence that demonstrates, for whole-body scanning, the benefit outweighs the detriment. This test found large portion of patient(86~90.8%) had at least one abnormal finding, whereas only 2% were estimated to have clinically significant disease. Annual scans from ages 45 to 75 years would accrue an estimated lifetime cancer mortality risk of 1.9%. There is no group within the medical community that recommends whole-body CT. No good studies indicate the accuracy of screening CT, at this time. The benefit/risk balance for any of the commonly suggested CT screening techniques has yet to be established. These areas need further research. Therefore wild screening should be avoided.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types : one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job performance shape and efficiency, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area ; 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares that have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation and B/C ratio using SPSS PC program. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. Most of the expense for environmental control of all health care services expenditures shows that there is almost no fundamental improvement because more expenses are needed for procuring personal protective equipment and measuring work environment instead of environmental improvement. 3. It is investigated how much the cost of occupational health care services needs per worker, and calculated how much the cost needs per service hour per worker. The results from this show that the cost of occupational health services at workplaces with their own managers used less than the cost of health care agencies, eventually the former gives better services with less cost than the latter. 4. Benefit/Cost ratio is also produced by total benefit/total cost. The result from the above way reads 4.57 as a whole, while their own manager having workplaces reads 4.82 and the agencies do l.56. Even if their own manager performing workplaces spent more cost, this system produces more benefit than the agencies management. 5. The B/C ratio for medical organization such as local clinic, health care center and pharmacy shows more than or equal to at the workplaces controlled by the agencies. It is inferred that benefit would be much less than the cost used, with so being inefficient. 6. It is assumed that the efficiency ratio of health education is equal to reduction rate of workers medical organization visit. Estimated reduction rate 5%, 10%, 15%, show that the efficiency ratio of health education have an effect on producing benefits. It is estimated that more benefit can be produced if more qualitative education will be provided for enhancing health care efficiency. 7. Results of this study cannot be generalized because there are large scale of deviation in case of workplaces with less than 300 full time workers, but B/C ratio reads 2.69 as a whole and 3.25 at workplaces with their own health care manager are higher than 1.63 at the workplaces manged by the agencies. Finally, all the benefit concerning health care services could not be quantified, measured and shown on the value of money. This is a reason that a considerable part of benefits are so underestimated. This is also thought that measurement tools should be developed for measuring benefits of health care services with a comprehensive quantification. in the future. It is also expected that efficiency of occupational health care services should be investigated using cost-effectiveness analysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.426-436
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• 2001

Objective : This study was performed to determine the smoking status and its associated factors in military life among young Korean men to provide data for smoking prevention in military areas as a part of the health promotion program for soldiers. Methods : 1,033 infantrymen serving in 17 military units, which are located in suburbs of K city, were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire on the soldiers smoking status and other various characteristics was obtained from October 2nd to 12th, 2000. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the various variables in order to determine the factors related to smoking. Results : 1) 830(80.3%) out of 1033 subjects had smoked cigarettes and 759 persons(73.4%) were regular smokers. 2) Among the 734 soldiers who started smoking before their military service, 714 soldiers(97.2%) continued to smoke after, while 45 soldiers(15.0%) among the 299 non-smokers started smoking after joining the army. 3) Through the logistic regression analysis. the education level. specialty in the army. smoking amongst the friends they met before military service, smoking amongst soldiers in the army. dating girl friends, drinking, satisfaction with their army lives and the presence of convenient smoking places at the barracks were significant factors related to the prevalence of smoking in soldiers. Conclusion : The factors related with incidence of smoking in the army are the complicated interactions among the individuals personal background, general characteristics of the soldier and the special environment in the barracks. Therefore, to improve national soldiers' health, an active non-smoking campaign and education should be pushed to discourage smoking in the barracks.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.414-421
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• 2008

Background: Recently, in addition to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has become rapidly growing public health threat. This study examined the clinical differences between pulmonary TB patients with extensively drug resistance (XDR) and multi-drug resistance (MDR) at the National Medical Center in Korea in order to determine the clinical characteristics associated more with XDR-TB than MDR-TB. Methods: Patients who received a diagnosis of culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and a drug sensitivity test (DST) for anti-TB drugs at the National Medical Center between January 2000 and August 2007 were enrolled in this study. The patients were identified into the XDR-TB or MDR-TB group according to the DST results. The clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively from the medical records. Statistical analysis for the comparisons was performed using a ${\chi}^2$-test, independent samples t-test or binary logistic regression where appropriate. Results: A total 314 patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB were included. Among them, 18 patients (5.7%) had XDR-TB and 69 patients (22%) had MDR-TB excluding XDR-TB. A comparison of the clinical characteristics, revealed the XDR-TB group to have a higher frequency of a prior pulmonary resection for the treatment of TB (odds ratio [OR], 3.974; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.052~15.011; P value 0.032) and longer average previous treatment duration with anti-TB drugs, including a treatment interruption period prior to the diagnosis of XDR, than the MDR-TB group (XDR-TB group, 72.67 months; MDR-TB group, 13.09 months; average treatment duration difference between two groups, 59.582 months; 95% CI, 31.743~87.420; P value, 0.000). In addition, a longer previous treatment duration with anti-TB drugs was significantly associated with XDR-TB (OR, 1.076; 95% CI, 1.038~1.117; P value, 0.000). A comparison of the other clinical characteristics revealed the XDR-TB group to have a higher frequency of male gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), age under 45, treatment interruption history, cavitations on simple chest radiograph and positive result of sputum AFB staining at the time of diagnosis of XDR. However, the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB patients with XDR have a higher frequency of a prior pulmonary resection and longer previous treatment duration with anti-TB drugs than those with MDR. In addition, a longer previous treatment duration with anti-TB drugs is significantly associated with XDR-TB.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2009

The study distributed the total 210 questionnaires to women of childbearing age in Seoul, Gyeonggi and North Chungcheng from March 26, 2008 to April 16, 2008 and made them draw up them directly. The study applied 208 copies excepting two copies not suitable to data process to data analysis. The purpose of the study was to investigate/analyze awareness of dental treatment, oral health conditions and oral health management during the period of pregnancy and to serve the analyzed data as basic data of oral health education program development to improve expectant mothers' behaviors of oral health management: 1. According to the survey by age with regard to a question 'Should expectant mothers take dental treatment during the period of pregnancy?', women of 18~29 years old (41.9%) and more than 50 years old (52.0%) answered 'They should not take dental treatment'. Women of 30~39 years old (53.6%) and 40~49 years old (54.7%) answered 'They should take dental treatment'. According to pregnant experience, expectant mothers (63.9%) and women with their parity (46.3%) answered 'They should take dental treatment'. 34.8% women without their parity answered 'They should take dental treatment' and 34.8% women with Out their parity answered 'They should not take dental treatment'(p < 0.05). 2. According to the survey by age with regard to a question 'Do you brush your teeth lifter having morning sickness during the period of pregnancy?', women of 18~29 years old (67.3%), 30~39 years old (47.3%) answered 'Brush my teeth' and women of 40~49 years old (51.0%) and more than 50 years old (52.0%) answered 'Don't brush my teeth'(p < 0.001). According to pregnant experience, expectant mothers (72.2%) and women with their parity (43.0%) answered 'Brush my teeth'(p < 0.05). 3. With regard to a question 'Are oral aid hygiene supplies required?', women of 18~29 years old (47.3%) and 30~39 years old (46.4%) answered 'Required' and women of 40~49 years old (41.5%) and more than 50 years old (48.0%) answered 'do not know'(p < 0.05). 4. According to the survey by age with regard to a question 'What are you anxious about during the period of dental treatment?', women of more than 50 years old (56.0%) answered 'Expenses' and women of 18~29 years old (39.2%), 30~39 years old (44.6%) and 40~49 years old (41.5%) answered 'Pain'(p < 0.05). According to pregnant experience, expectant mothers answered 'Pain (38.9%), abort ion (27.8%) and expenses (22.2%)' and women with their parity, answered 'Pain (45.0%), expenses (22.8%) and abortion (14.8%). Women without their parity answered 'Expenses (52.2%) and pain (13.0%)'(p < 0.05).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of dental hygienists in different regions about credit bank system and their needs for that. The subjects in this study were 312 dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul, Gyeonggi province, metropolitan cities, Gangweon province and Gyeongsang province. After a survey was conducted in 2008, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to perception of the credit bank system, 68.3 percent of the dental hygienists were cognizant of that. The dental hygienists from most of the geographic areas were aware of it, but all the forty three dental hygienists from Gangweon province who accounted for 13.8 percent didn't know about that. As for media by which they acquired information on that, many of the dental hygienists learned about it from their acquaintances (46.2%), but that was not the case for the dental hygienists from Seoul and Gyeonggi province. 2. As for expectations for the credit bank system, those from Gyeongsang province had the greatest expectations for that in six out of nine items, which included academic or job performance improvement, acquisition of credits, degree or certificates and access to new technology. 3. Concerning educational spending on the credit bank system, 18.9 percent and 8.7 percent from Seoul/Gyeonggi province and Gangweon province spent less than 30 thousand won, and 19.9 percent from the metropolitan cities spent 30 thousand to less than 50 thousand won. 4. As for the importance of the categories of their major in the credit bank system, those from Gangweon province attached the most importance to oral health education ($3.56{\pm}1.259$), and the dental hygienists from the metropolitan cities put the most stress on preventive treatment ($3.64{\pm}1.191$).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

To investigate requirements for the process of credit bank system in life-long education institutions attached to colleges, this research was conducted with seniors at the departments of dental hygiene and dental laboratory technology, in the health line of the specific College from March 26 to April 15, 2007, followed by analysis using an SPSS/WIN 12.0 program, obtaining the following results. 1. 89.7% of the respondents had a plan to take a bachelor's degree and 56.1% of whom had such a plan for the purpose of personal development (p<0.05). 2. 73.5% of the respondents preferred the credit bank system in a lifelong education institution attached to a college to take a bachelor's degree. 3. 34.8% presented the greatest advantage of taking a bachelor's degree through the credit bank system that they could take a degree in a short period of time while 33.8% presented the most serious disadvantage that they might low social recognition. 4. As for requirements for the process of operating the credit bank system, 80.3% regarded required subjects for the major as appropriate basic ones. 79.9% regarded it as proper that filling more than 20 credits made it possible to take a degree. 5. As directions for improving the system, it was found that the students was thinking that strict academic record management is needed, and the degrees from the system must be recognized equally to those in regular colleges, social awareness in those degrees should be enhanced, and also credits assigned to cultural subjects should be reduced, and the limitation in the number of credits being able to be obtained in one center should be removed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

The purpose of this study targeted on high school student in the department of liberal arts, industry in Daegu metropolitan city, is to get basic data necessary for the development of dental educational program, to discern prevention and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder by observing the situation temporomandibular joint disorder and contribution element, of relationship of school life stress The results are as follows.: 1. The percentage of occurring temporomandibular joint disorder in the high school resulted in a joint noise at 61.8% and joint dislocation 6.9%, sharp pain 47.5% at time of chewing. 29.8% at the time of the non-chewing, lockjaw 11.3%, a headache appeared at 40.4%.2. In the contribution factor of occurring temporomandibular joint disorder, the cause of joint noise was the clench one's teeth, lip and cheek clench, For the pain at the time of chewing clench one's teeth, one side chewing, over-chewing, lip clench, sideways sleeping showed the difference. (P < 0.01) For the pain at the time of non-chewing, clench one's teeth, bruxism, one side chewing, lip and cheek clench were similar, and for the lockjaw, clench one's teeth, bruxism, sideways sleeping showed the difference. The plum evil thing period at time of the fault writing that statistically showed the difference. For the headache, the contribution factors were the all bad habits mentioned above excluding one side sleeping.(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). 3. The rate of experiencing temporomandibular joint disorder by oral and maxillofacia was 13.4% in industrial department, and 19.6% in liberal arts. And for the factor of wound was that exercise 26.8%, others 24.4%, fall-down 19.5%. And for the industrial, exercise 44.4%, fall-down 22.2%, others 14.9%. The treatment experience appeared at 5.0% in industrial department, 2.9% in liberal arts. And for the medical institutions, liberal arts were dental clinic 50%, orthopedics 50%, and the industrial department orthopedics 40%, oriental medicine clinic 30%, dental clinic 30%. 4. In case of temporomandibular joint disorder, there were no difference by grades or educational background. And at the time of chewing or non-chewing showed similar difference.(P < 0.01). 5. Compared to stress in the high school, it generally showed higher in liberal arts than in industrial department due to school record. Its scope was $3.75{\pm}1.14$ in liberal arts, $3.01{\pm}1.23$ in industrial department. 6. The school record, school life, stress problems by teachers, chewing/non-chewing pain of temporomandibular joint disorder, joint noise had a similar correlation.(P < 0.01, < 0.05).