• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2011

Polysulfone (PSf) membranes were prepared via the phase inversion process. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added as a nonsolvent additive in the casting solution containing a mixture of PSf and n-methylpyrrolidone. The added PVP played a role of enhancing liquid-liquid phase separation of the casting solution, and significantly reduced the solution fluidity. When prepared via the diffusion-induced process using water as a precipitation nonsolvent, the solidified membranes revealed a typical asymmetric structure irrespective of the addition of PVP. With 5 wt% PVP content, the finger-like cavities were more developed in the membrane sublayer compared to that of the membranes prepared without PVP. In contrast, with more than 10 wt% of PVP, the formation of finger-like cavities was suppressed, and the thickness of polymer nodule layer was increased. The surface porosity was also increased with the PSf content in the casting solution. The water permeability curve as a function of PVP addition revealed the inflection point. The maximum water permeability for 12 wt% PSf membrane was obtained with 5 wt% PVP content, and that for 18 wt% PSf membrane with 15 wt% PVP.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.56
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• pp.181-208
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• 2018

This paper explores divination cultures of ancient China and how scriptures of the Zhou Yi had been interpreted in terms of Confucian ethics by the Confucian school focusing on Gan hexagram in the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi manuscript. Gan hexagram shown on the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi manuscript corresponds with Xian hexagram 咸卦 in the received text of the Zhou Yi, which means "gan 感," and the whole subjects of the hexagram are physical love and marriage between male and female. Such examples of divination for wedding between male and female are found frequently in ancient divination including Qinghuajian "Shifa" and these materials also demonstrates that Gan hexagram merely was a divination for love and marriage. However, Xunxi 荀子 "Dalue" 大略 and "Tuanzhuan" of the received text of the Zhou Yi had expanded to the dao 道 of husband and wife, and moreover, "erqi 二氣" philosophy of yin and yang by abstracting the theme of Gan hexagram, namely Xian hexagram, from love and marriage between male and female. Such expansion had stepped forward to a generative theory of all things that composes the world and cosmos in a way of natural philosophy and to a claim for peace under heaven in a way of human society through influences by shengren 聖人. "Xuguazhuan" also regards Xian hexagram 咸卦 as the dao of husband and wife and, based on it, expands to parents and children, sovereign and subject, superiors and inferiors, and the proprieties. The commentary of "Xuguazhuan" is concluded to human manners, starting with cosmic order. These statements interpreted scriptures of the Zhou Yi as Confucian ethics and show the aspects of how the Zhou Yi had become a Confucian classic.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.637-653
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• 2017

Meta-analysis was conducted on 56 studies published in Korea until April 2017 to systematically integrate factors of ego integrity of the elderly. The variables related to ego integrity were divided into 6 groups of variable, and the effect sizes were computed for each variable of their groups. The analysis results are as follows. First, the total effect size showed the middle effect size, and the effect size according to the variable group showed the largest effect size for the positive psychological variable group, followed by the negative psychological variable, the physical variable, the familial variable, the social variable and the demographic variable. Second, the largest effect size of the sub-variables on the each individual variable group showed positive psychological variable was life quality, negative psychological variable was depression, physical variable was health behavior, familial variable was children relationship, social variable was social support and demographic variable was economic status. As described above, suggesting that these variables may have a strong influence on ego integrity among the variables related to ego integrity because the quality of life, life satisfaction and depression were shown as the largest effective variables related to ego integrity.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-125
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• 2016

The expansionary monetary policy was practiced after 2001 in Japan to treat the deflation spiral, and reduced only the nominal interest rates and domestic household demand. One of the most serious factors for this failure was the change of private sector's expectancy. This paper has studied the effect of Japanese monetary policy in 21c., with empirical research based on a renewed macroeconomic model and the VAR. The empirical analysis shows that the effect of monetary policy on the national income during 2001.01-2015.03 is weaker than that of 1985.01-1994.04. Money volume has a diminutive effect on the growth of GDP within a short term after 2001. The change in the expectations of the private sectors might have been the cause of ineffectiveness of the expansive monetary policy. Economic agents learned from the past Japanese financial crisis that an expansive monetary policy increased the inflation rate and caused the 'bubbles to burst' afterwards. The VAR analysis says that the effectiveness of monetary policy on the economic depression declined over the past 20 years and the expansion of money volume has no influence on exchange rate and net export. This means that the expansive monetary policy lost its effect on net export and national income steadily. Monetary policy makers have to recognize this fact, and to consider another anti-cycle political instrument, i.e. the fiscal policy with government debt.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-156
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotion, home environment, school environment on self-regulated learning, focusing on motivational and behavioral regulation. Participants are 2070 students from 95 middle schools of Korean Children and Youth Panel Study(KCYPS). The variables of emotions, home environment, school environment and motivational regulation, behavioral regulation were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression. The results were as follows. First, emotion, home environment, school environment were correlated with on motivational and behavioral regulation. Second, emotion explained motivational regulation and behavioral regulation of self-regulated learning as well as home envionment and school environment. All subvariables of emotion were significantly related to behavior control. Third, among subvariables of home environment, parents education and occupations, and annual household income were not significantly related to motivational regulation and behavioral regulation. However, home economic level perceived by students and parents' interest and abuse on students had great effects. Forth, school environment has a greater explanatory effect on motivational regulation and behavioral regulation. Particularly, friendships and relationships with teachers during learning activities had a significant effect. These results showed that emotion and psychological environment of learning environment are important variables affecting on self-regulated learning and suggests the need for researches on these variables.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-58
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• 2017

The achievement emotion experienced by students in their academic settings is directly related with achievement activities or results. As the focuses of researches in the educational psychology have been extended to students' motives and emotion, the achievement emotion is also actively studied in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze researches on the achievement emotion according to social/cultural backgrounds by dividing them into domestic and foreign ones and understand flow and trend of the researches by structuring them. On the basis of the findings, it also aims to provide fundamental data necessary to examine the achievement emotion matched for academic settings in Korea. The objects of this study include a total of 105 domestic (n=47) and foreign (n=58) journal articles. The criteria of analysis are divided into period, contents and method of the study: the study was conducted without control of period; the contents include variables and achievement situations; and the method includes design and type of study, analysis methods, measurement tools and objects. The descriptive statistics of the materials were estimated by using the SPSS, and were analyzed by dividing them into domestic and foreign ones. The findings show that the researches on achievement emotion can be divided into examinations of the development of achievement emotion scale and those of the relationship between related variables. Thus, the conclusion suggests comprehensive discussions by arranging the trends of researches on the development of achievement emotion scale and the relationship between related variables.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.35
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• pp.175-202
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• 2017

In this article, I focused on the identity of the Japanese magician, Tenkatsu(天勝), who appeared in Exhibition of Joseon, 1915, and the social gaze and reverberation of them. I would like to see how Tenkatsu group appeared, how it was active, and how it was utilized. Because It was a big stimulus for traditional performing artists. 'Ma-sul' was a new word, taking the place of 'Hwan-sul(幻術)' or 'Hwan-hee'(幻?) for a term of english 'Magic'. In the various articles published during the Japanese colonial period, we can find the performers of the contemporary magic and the Korean artists who tried to make them nationalized. In the mid-1920s, a magician of Korean origin appeared. Kim Mun-phil(김문필), Park Chang-sun(박창순), Kim Wan-shil(김완실) were them. They had experience of studying abroad, such as Russia, and were also helped by religion, the Chondo-kyo. They attracted popularity while touring around the country. Incidents of social problems often arise by linking magic to a form of fraud, though. But the appearance of a Korean magician confirms the existence of a performer who actively engages in new performances.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.159-191
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• 2008

This study aims to look into the three-dimensional characteristics of Euniljisa (a scholar who lived in a hidden place) demonstrated in the poems of Myeongam Jeong-Sik (1683-1746, the 9th year of King Sukjong to the 22nd year of King Yeongjo), who was a scholar in the region of Yeongnam in the 18th century. Myeongam Jeongsik had a very righteous aspect in terms of integrity. He was born about 40 years after the Ching Dynasty was established. However, as shown in his pen name of 'Myeongam', he still used the Ming Dynasty as a subject of adoration and reverence, and he lived as an integral man of scholarly virtue in seclusion while refusing to have a government post during his lifetime. In his poems, there may be various discussions, but this study focused on following two aspects. First, the study reviewed his attitude toward the world, that is a retiring attitude, in looking into his works. Second, the study did not merely keep the existing two-dimensional perspective in simply reviewing a hermitage poem in the analyzing of a poem. Instead, the study attempted a three-dimensional review in seeking to see whether three items involving the fidelity and integrity of a dignified and daring person (a person who does not care about worldly views), the ambivalent emotion of Jo Wul reflected in the poem, and the delicate description and the expression of emotions, are placed in a serial relationship.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.31
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• pp.263-287
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• 2011

Li-Gu was a Confucianist who criticized traditional 'attend to Righteousness and neglect Profit' idea and insisted that people affirmed 'Proprietiy' and 'Interest', which accorded with human nature and desire. He said that 'Proprieties' was made by adjusting one's material life and natural desire. Therefore, if we want 'Propriety' is manifested itself, we must affirm and satisfy the material life and natural desire first. He asserted that if we didn't follow this, the people's life would be devastated and the nation would face a big crisis. Li-Gu's thought not only gave Wang An Suk's Reformation a theoretical basics, but also attached the new and reformist meanings to 'Propriety', which had been changing meaningless and abstract, by criticizing Songming Confucian School and put great stress on uniting the inside and outside. In this article, through examining Li-Gu's the idea of Righteousness and Profit, King and Ruler, Inside and Outside, we can consider what the real 'Propriety' is and what kind of practical meaning 'Propriety' has.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.91-120
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• 2010

In this paper, I tried to analyze the image of bamboo from Chang Hyun-kwang's poetry. Especially I focused on defining the symbolic meaning of bamboo as a poetic material. To achieve this, I inspected his view of world and politic life. He considered his contemporary period as 'ethically corrupted' world. During his life time, he served for three kings and also suffered from the fires of war four times. That means, he had to undergo the political unrest and national crisis during his life time. Due to the chaotic state of affairs, all the people were busy pursuing their own interests. It made Chang had no choice but retiring from active life. While Chang revealed his attitude to life through writing poetry, he used the image of bamboo as a completion of one's mature character. And the image of bamboo what he used was somewhat different from general one. Chang used the image of bamboo in two ways. The one is seeking live in retirement, and the other is chasing completion of his own mature character in academic way.