• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.453-479
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• 2012

The increase in international trade is clearly reflected by litigation and arbitration. Despite the importance of international commercial transaction, until very recently little was known about how the law interacts with actual practice. The CISG obviously plays an important role, but we are concerned with using choice of law to resolve issue that the CISG leaves unresolved. The case law UPICC is now accessible by means of UNILEX, the database on international case law that focus on CISG cases. The courts and arbitration tribunals throughout the world are developing a growing body of international case law on issues not resolved by the CISG, though arising from transactions to which the CISG applies. The application of the CISG is obligatory due to its nature as hard law an international convention. However, UPICC are only restatements and more flexibility, comprehensive instrument than CISG. This article offers to promote the UPICC application from their present status as a mere soft law instrument through analysing UNILEX cases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.264-270
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• 2016

This study examined how the police officers use their annual leaves. While Korean police officers have burdens of heavy workload exceeding their regular office hours, they are passive to get leaves to keep in shape from long hours of work, to maintain the appropriate level of work productivity, and to secure time for leisure and cultural activities. It appeared that most of the police officers surveyed haven't used their annual leaves for less than half of the days designated by law. It also appeared tat female officers used more leaves than male officers, and married officers than single ones. Considering the characteristics of work environment, it showed that officers doing shift work had less days of leaves than officers in non-shift work. The reasons why the police take leaves passively lie on various factors that heavy workload, work-oriented life, work-oriented police organizational culture preceding family and so forth. Therefore, it needed to supplement the personnels to meet the needs of overwhelming workload of the police and to allocate the work properly in advance. In addition, it needed to raise the awareness of the police managers and proliferation of organizational culture to place emphasis on balance between work and family.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.408-415
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• 2011

A lienor of the real estate Auction procedure does not associate with the lien report truth in an existing law system, and lienor can be opposed to vendee. Malicious lienor abuses such a principle of law and loses a sale price of the deferred purpose real estate in Auction procedure by convenience of lienor. In addition, there is apt to be a case to let I do debtor and collusion and false return, and the Secured credit swell out greatly. The necessity that liability does lien report to assure Secured credi becoming the formation truth and the undertaking of lien in Auction procedure is practically acute need. I showed the legislation idea which switched present situation investigation improvement and lien by the executive officer in legal mortgage in civil law In addition, it revised introduction and the Civil Execution Act of the lien registration system and solved Obligatory Report of the Lien about lien for a legislation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.193-214
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• 2014

Thise study focuses on the direction to the revisions of copyright law in Korea, so that orphan works in libraries can be used more widely on the Internet. In particular, this study analyzes the problems of the provisions 31 and 50 in the copyright law related to the mass digitations of orphan works in libraries. This study also reviews the Directive 2012/28/EU, 3 orphan works bills in USA, and provisions related to the orphan works in The Enterprise and Regulatory Reform(ERR) Act 2013 in UK. Finally this study suggests the 3 directions to support mass digitations of orphan works in libraries. First, digitized orphan works in libraries are to be made a transmission to the public on the Internet; Second, compensation and approval fees are not required or minimized; and third, libraries have to stop the use of the orphan works if copyright owners require. If not, libraries have to negotiate with the copyright owners about the fees necessary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.461-471
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to visualize the housing market dynamics with ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) using MATLAB toolbox, in terms of the modeling housing market dynamics in the Busan Metropolitan City. The data are used the real housing price transaction records in Busan from the first quarter of 2006 to the second quarter of 2009. Hedonic house price model, which is not reflecting spatial autocorrelation, has been a powerful tool in understanding housing market dynamics in urban housing economics. This study considers spatial autocorrelation in order to improve the traditional hedonic model which is based on OLS(Ordinary Least Squares) method. The study is, also, investigated the comparison in terms of $R^2$, Sigma Square(${\sigma}^2$), Likelihood(LR) among spatial econometrics models such as SAR(Spatial Autoregressive Models), SEM(Spatial Errors Models), and SAC(General Spatial Models). The major finding of the study is that the SAR, SEM, SAC are far better than the traditional OLS model, considering the various indicators. In addition, the SEM and the SAC are superior to the SAR.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.508-516
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• 2012

The lifespan of a rolling stock is limited to 25 years by the urban railway law. But it can be extended to 40 years by conducting the regular safety test. This gives additional 15 years of lifespan. In Seoul Metro, Many of the rolling stocks were already replaced with new types in 1996 and 2008. New type - VVVF rolling stocks have better safety, maintainability, durability than old types. For this reason, it is desirable to extend the lifespan of new type-rolling stocks. In this paper, we investigated the economical lifespan using LCC (Life Cycle Cost) analysis. This study shows that the economical lifespan comes out 41 years when extra 10% cost has been considered after 25 years of the train service and 46 years when extra 10% cost not considered.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

74% of Internet users use the UCC, and You Tube using firearms in a crime occurred. Internet crime occurred in the online, non-face transaction, anonymous, encapsulation. In this paper, we are studied a Network Forensic Way and a technique analyze an aspect criminal the Internet haying appeared at Internet UCC, and to chase. Study ID, IP back-tracking and position chase through corroborative facts collections of the UCC which used UCC search way study of the police and a public prosecutor and storage way and network forensic related to crimes of Internet UCC. Proof data encrypt, and store, and study through approach control and user authentication so that they are adopted to legal proof data through integrity verification after transmission and storages. This research via the Internet and criminal conspiracy to block the advance promotion, and for the criminal investigative agencies of the Internet will contribute to the advancement forensics research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.471-471
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• 2018

국가 수자원 관리에 가장 기초가 되는 수문조사는 측정과 자료 분석을 위해 행해지는 모든 과정에서 자료의 정확성과 신뢰성이 담보되어야 한다. 현재 수문조사는 국토교통부를 비롯하여 환경부, 수자원공사 등 다양한 부처와 기관에서 수행하고 있으며, 수문조사 방법 및 기준표준화 연구(2009), 수문조사 관련 법정 행정규칙 마련, 수자원 조사법 제정, 수문자료 공인 및 저장, 배포, 활용, 기준고시 등을 통해 수문조사 발전 및 표준화를 위한 노력을 해오고 있다. 하지만 국가차원의 표준화(기준과 매뉴얼)가 아직 미진하여 기관별 생산 자료의 품질차이가 발생하고 있다. 국내의 현장여건은 식생, 공사, 모래하상 등으로 과거와 다르게 점차 다양화 되고 있으며, 국외와 차별화 된 국내 하천만의 특성으로 반영되고 있다. 또한 최근 ADCP와 같은 첨단장비 활용이 증대되는 추세인데 비해 첨단장비 관련 기준은 아직 미비한 부분이 많다. 국내 측정환경이 고려된 수문조사 표준화를 위해서는 USGS와 같은 선진국의 국제기준 검토와 함께 각 하천 환경에 맞는 유량측정 방법 및 기술을 개발하고, 다양한 현장 특성이 반영된 측정방법의 적용과, 자료 분석을 통한 기준제시가 필요하다. 첨단 장비 및 관련 기술을 활용한 수문조사 선진화를 위해서는 정확한 첨단장비 활용에 대한 표준이 필요하다. 즉 수문조사 전반에 대한 표준화와 이를 통한 공유와 활용이 이루어져야 한다. 한국수자원조사기술원(구 유량조사사업단)에서는 2007년부터 수문조사를 수행하면서 국내 하천유량조사 경험과 기술 노하우를 바탕으로 수문조사 분야별 측정방법, 장비, 레이팅, 자료 분석 등에 대한 수문조사매뉴얼과 가이드라인을 발간하여 실무에 적용, 활용하고 있다. 이러한 노력은 국내 수문조사 표준화를 정착, 발전시키고 국제 표준화에 기여할 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to observe the age differences in safety perception among babyboomer, pre-elderly, and the elderly and to seek for countermeasures to overcome the risk. The data used for this study were from the 2008 Social Survey conducted by Administration on Statistics, Korea. The data were divided into three different age groups such as babyboomer, pre-elderly, and the elderly. Results showed that overall safety level of the society, safety perception of others and oneself, current social safety level compared to 10 years ago, social safety level after 10years, awareness of safety among different social fields, and the rank among the list of factors that lead to social insecurity appeared to differ according to the three different age groups. The awareness of safety for the elderly group was not higher than babyboomer and pre-elderly groups. Age differences in safety perception reflected the times and experiences the same age cohort went through. Countermeasures for security should be developed by considering the characteristics of the generations and different age groups.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 2022

Disease including parasite, bacteria and virus cause serious mortality to salmonid fish in the aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the current disease status of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Yanayang, Pyeongchang, Jeongseon and Yeongwol of Gangwon province in 2021 and performed molecular characterization of those pathogen. For parasites, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was observed at 2 farms. For bacteria, we identified Aeromonas sobria from kidney of rainbow trout using phylogenetic analysis of gyrB gene. A. salmonicida were isolated from necrosis site of gill cover and fin in coho salmon and necrotic lesion of fin in rainbow trout. Phylogenetic analysis using vap gene indicated that A. salmonicida isolated in this study were clustered with previously reported A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. For virus, JRt-Nagano type of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus was detected in rainbow trout, but infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and Oncorhynchus masou virus were not detected. These results provide useful information for the prevention of disease spread and transmission when cultivating new species such as Atlantic salmon in Korea.