• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.453-458
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 유한요소법에 바탕을 둔 최적공정설계법을 이용하여 압출 금형 형상의 최적설계를 실시하였다.설계의 결과를 참고문헌에서 발췌한 이론해와 비교 하였으며, 축대칭 압출공정에서 압하율, 마찰, 재료특성 등이 금형의 최적형상에 미치 는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 1997

Optimal trajectory for a robot manipulator minimizing actuator torques or energy consumptions ina fixed traveling time is obtained in the presence of obstacles. All joint displacements are represented in finite terms of Fourier cosine series and the coefficients of the series are obtained optimally by nonlinear programming. Thus, the geometric path need not be prespecified and the full dynamic model is employed. To avoid the obstacles, the concept of the penalty area is newly introduced and this penalty area is includ- ed in the performance index with an appropriate weighting coefficient. This optimal trajectory will be useful as a geometric path in the minimum-time trajectory planning problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

A subdomain-interface finite element method is suggested to solve a class of fully- coupled thermomechanical problems with contact boundaries. The penalty method is used for connecting subdomains that satisfy interface compatibility conditions. As a result, effective stiffness matrices are always positive definite, and computational efficiency can be improved to a considerable degree. Moreover, any complex-shaped domain can be divided into independently modeled subdomains without considering the conformity of meshes on interfaces. Using a computer code based on the present method, these advantageous features are shown through a set of numerical studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

Subdomain-interface variational formulation is presented to solve a class of dynamic contact problems of composite structures. The penalty method is used for imposing inequality constraints on contact surfaces and for connecting finite element subdomains that satisfy interface compatibility conditions. As a result, any complex-shaped domain can be easily divided into independently modeled subdomains without considering the conformity of meshes on interfaces. Some advantageous features of the present method are shown through a set a numerical studies with a developed computer code.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.53-62
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• 2017

Many gradient-based mathematical methods have been developed and are in use for structural size optimization problems, in which the cross-sectional areas or sizing variables are usually assumed to be continuous. In most practical structural engineering design problems, however, the design variables are discrete. The main objective of this paper is to propose an efficient optimization method for structures with discrete-sized variables based on the harmony search (HS) meta-heuristic algorithm that is derived using penalty function. The recently developed HS algorithm was conceptualized using the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. It uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search so that derivative information is unnecessary. In this paper, a discrete search strategy using the HS algorithm with a static penalty function is presented in detail and its applicability using several standard truss examples is discussed. The numerical results reveal that the HS algorithm with the static penalty function proposed in this study is a powerful search and design optimization technique for structures with discrete-sized members.

• Food Industry
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• s.184
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• pp.9-29
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• 2005

정부는 안전성에 문제가 있는 식품에 대한 위해평가의 실시와 신속히 수입$\cdot$판매를 금지할 수 있는 근거를 마련하고, 집단급식소의 운영자와 영양사의 책임을 강화하는 등 식품의 안전관리에 필요한 제도를 보완$\cdot$강화하여 국민건강을 보호하는 한편, 소비자식품위생감시원의 역할강화 및 시민식품감사인제도의 도입, 위해식품 신고포상금 인상 등을 통하여 소비자에 의한 식품위생감시기능을 활성화하고, 위해식품을 제조$\cdot$판매한 자에 대하여는 영업제한기간의 연장, 벌칙형량의 하한선 적용 및 벌금의 병과 등 영업상의 제재 및 처벌수준을 대폭 강화하여 위해식품으로부터 소비자를 보호하기 위해 2005년 1월 27일자로 식품위생법 중 개정법률을 법률 제7374호로 공포했다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1257-1260
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• 2017

Single-person households recently have been rapidly increasing and one reason may be the increment in elderly single-person. Since the change of living patterns is relevant to the government policy direction, it is important to understand how single-person households are clustered and which factors have influence on them. In this study, we tried to detect spatial clusters of single-person households and low-income elderly single-person households after adjusting for deprivation index. A recently developed fused lasso for Poisson data was used for data analysis and we provided the details on how to use it in R. From these analysis results, we observed the effect of socioeconomic level on the clusters and explained the reason why spatial clusters are shown after adjusting for deprivation index.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-100
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• 2011

The penalty clauses of 'Aviation Act' and 'Aviation Safety and Security Act' going into effect now were legislated because the aviation safety is being more influenced by the aviation safety system compared to the ground or maritime transportation and it is possible the aircraft can harm to people and wealth located in the ground as well as threaten the safety of the passengers and crew on board when it is the target of crimes. However, analyzing the current acts, applicable objects and behavioral requirements of some provisions are too general, and they are providing severely high penalties in many clauses without separating applicable objects and behavioral requirements. In addition, there are some critical legislative defects and there is a problem in terms of law-applicable area in the legal system. It is inferred that these legislative problems of the criminal special-law related to the aviation were caused by following reasons; first, aviation security experts or policy-makers than criminal law experts attended more actively in the enactment process, second, the communication among specialist groups were not accomplished well enough.

• 정보화사회
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• s.184
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• pp.44-47
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• 2007

새해부터는 프로그램저작권 침해행위에 대한 벌칙이 현행 3년 이하의 징역에서 5년 이하의 징역으로 강화된다. 특히, 개인정보보호에 관한 법률이 크게 강화될 예정으로 개인정보를 취급하는 통신사업자의 개인정보 관리.감독 기준이 대폭 강화될 전망이며, 청소년의 유해정보차단을 효율적으로 집행하기 위한 법도 새로 시행될 전망이다. 이밖에도 새해에는 기간통신사업자의 지분인수 시 정보통신부 장관의 인가를 받아야 하며, 무선국 시설자들은 전자파강도를 측정하는 의무가 부여되는 등 많은 부분에서 새로운 제도가 시행될 전망이다. 또, 국세청장이나 지방국세청장도 조세범칙사건의 조사에 필요한 경우에 통신 자료제공을 요청할 수 있도록 법적근거를 마련해 통신매체를 활용한 탈세행위가 새해에는 원천 차단될 전망이다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.43-46
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• 2009

열탄성 부영역, 열탄점소성/손상 부영역, 공유면, 접촉 공유면에 기반을 둔 영역/경계 분할법을 적용하여 재료 비선형성을 갖는 열탄점소성 손상 문제와 경계 비선형성을 갖는 접촉 문제의 효율적인 해석을 제안하였다. 영역 및 경계 분할에 관련된 공유면 및 접촉 공유면에서의 연속 구속 조건을 처리하기 위하여 간단한 벌칙 함수 기법을 적용하였다. 결과적으로 재료 및 경계 비선형성은 소수의 부영역과 접촉 경계면에서 계산되는 유한요소 행렬들에 국한된다. 따라서 적절한 해석 알고리듬을 구성하면 대폭적인 효율성 향상이 가능하게 된다. 대변형과 같은 기하학적 비선형성은 고려하지 않았으며, 간단한 수치 실험을 통해서 열탄점소성 손상 및 접촉 해석의 효율성에 관련된 기본적인 특성을 분석하였다.