• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

Background : IFN-${\gamma}$ is the main effector mediator of the host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Evaluating the IFN-${\gamma}$ gene expression in response to M. tuberculosis antigens may help in elucidating the host defense mechanism against M. tuberculosis and in the development of a vaccine. Methods : The IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression in the lymphocytes obtained from pleural effusions from tuberculous pleurisy patients (TB-PLC) after in vitro stimulation with whole cell M. tuberculosis(H37Rv), purified protein derivatives(PPD), man-lipoarabinamman (man-LAM), ara-LAM and Antigen 85B(Ag85B) were evaluated. The degree of IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression was determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results : M. tuberculosis induced the expression of IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA in the TB-PLC in time and dose dependent manners. The PPD and Ag85B induced high levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression in the TB-PLC. However, man-LAM inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression in the TB-PLC, while ara-LAM did not. Conclusion : IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA expression in TB-PLC is stimulated by PPD and Ag85B, but inhibited by man-LAM.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.329-333
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• 2003

Influenzavirus were isolated from patients with acute respiratory infections in Busan during 2000-2002 and characterized their antigenic properties. In 2000, 39 viruses were isolated and they were identified as Influenzavirus. Among the isolated influenzavirus, 23 were A type influenzavirus and 16 were B type influenzavirus. As a result of antigenic characterization, the influenzavirus were determined to A/Sydney/05/97 (H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1)-like, and B/Harbin/07/94-like virus. In 2001, 56 viruses were isolated and all of the viruses were identified as influenzavirus. They were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like and A/Newcaledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virus In 2002, 114 Influenzaviruses were isolated. Among the isolated influenzavirus, 83 were A type influenzaviruses, and 31 were B type influenzaviruses. They were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like, A/Newcaledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like and B/Beijing/243/97, B/Honkong/22/2001, B/Sichuam/379/99-like virus when determined their antigenic properties. These results may be useful for the establishment of reliable epidemic data.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.515-530
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• 1995

Coronaviridae에 속하는 transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)와 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)를 specific하게 detection할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 두 바이러스 모두 RNA 바이러스이기 때문에 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)으로 nucleocapsid(N) protein gene의 cDNA를 증폭시켰다. SmaI으로 처리한 pTZ19R에 ligation시킨 후 염기서열을 밝히고자 sequencing하였다. 각각의 prototype virus와 비교하여 상동성을 밝혔다. 두 바이러스에 대한 cDNA probe를 제작하여 Southern blot hybridization을 실시하였다. TGEV의 경우 백신주인 P45와 병독주인 Miller strain을 사용하였다. cDNA를 증폭시키기 위해 N1/N1R과 N2/N2R 두 가지 primer를 이용한 결과, N1/N1R primer의 경우 586bp 크기의 PCR product를 얻을 수 있었고, N2/N2R primers로 582bp의 cDNA를 증폭시킬 수 있었다. PEDV 실험을 위하여 PED 임상 증상을 나타내는 분변을 이용하여 RT-PCR을 실시하였다. P2/P2R primer로 753bp의 PCR product를 얻을 수 있었다. TGEV의 두 가지 strain의 N protein gene을 sequencing하여 prototype인 Purdue strain과 염기서열 상동성을 조사한 결과, 97%이상의 높은 homology를 나타내었다. PED-V 역시 N protein gene을 sequencing하여 CV777과 염기서열 상동성을 조사한 결과 97%이상의 homology로 PEDV임을 알 수 있었다. TGEV와 PEDV의 염기서열을 비교한 결과 29%의 낮은 homology를 관찰할 수 있었다. 두 가지 바이러스의 N protein gene에 대한 cDNA probe를 제작하여 Southern blot hybridization을 한 결과, 각 바이러스에 매우 특이적 반응을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2018

Purpose: Viral gastroenteritis is a common disease in infants and children. Seizures can be associated with viral gastroenteritis as benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG). After the development of the rotavirus vaccination, norovirus has become inreasingly significant in children. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features in a pediatric population presenting with seizures and confirmed enteral viral infections, especially norovirus infections. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged <15 years admitted due to convulsions and gastroenteritis to the Department of Pediatrics of Myongji Hospital between July 2014 and June 2016. Results: A total of 46 patients (24 male and 22 female) were included. Norovirus was detected in 21 (45.7%) patients, adenovirus in three (6.5%), rotavirus in two (4.3%), astrovirus in one (2.2%), and none of agents were detected in 19 (41.3%) patients. Patients in the norovirus gastroenteritis (NGE) group had a higher incidence of diarrhea than that among in the non-norovirus gastroenteritis (NNGE) group (61.9% vs 28.0%; P<0.05). Twelve patients experienced status epilepticus, including five (23.8%) in the NGE group and seven (33.0%) in the NNGE group (P=0.837). Seizures were effectively terminated by intravenous benzodiazepines in 8 (66.7%) of 12 patients. Additional long-acting antiepileptic drugs such as fosphenytoin or levetiracetam were required in three (25%) of 12 patients. Conclusion: Patients with CwG with and without noroviurs infection did not differ in terms of clinical features. However, status epilepticus was not uncommon among patients with CwG by definition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2021

Cancer is a global health problem. There are diverse types of cancers, but there are several common pathways which lead to the development of cancer. Changes in gene expression might be the most common similarity found in almost all cancers. An understanding of the underlying changes in gene expression during cancer progression could lay a valuable foundation for the development of cancer therapeutics and even cancer vaccines. In this study, a well-known carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), was employed to induce changes in gene expression in normal stomach cells. MNNG is known to cause cancer by inducing damage to DNA in MNNG-treated mammalian cells and animals fed with this carcinogen. An analysis was performed by comparing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by MNNG treatment with DEGs in stomach cancer cell lines. To this end, methods of analysis for functional categorization and protein-protein interaction networks, such as gene ontology (GO), the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomics (KEGG) and search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING), were used. As a result of these analyses, MNNG-regulated specific genes and interaction networks of their protein products that contributed to stomach cancer were identified.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.50-55
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• 2019

Recently Ransomware attacks are continuously increasing, and new Ransomware, which is difficult to detect just with a basic vaccine, continuously has its upward trend. Various solutions for Ransomware have been developed and applied. However, due to the disadvantages and limitations of existing solutions, damage caused by Ransomware has not been reduced. Ransomware is attacking various platforms no matter what platform it is, such as Windows, Linux, servers, IoT devices, and block chains. However, most existing solutions for Ransomware are difficult to apply to various platforms, and there is a limit that they are dependent on only some specific platforms while operating. This study analyzes the problems of existing Ransomware detection solutions and proposes the onboard module based Ransomware detection system; after the system defines the function of necessary elements through analyzing requirements that can actually reduce the damage caused by the Ransomware from the viewpoint of users, it supports various OS without pre-installation and is able to restore data even after being infected. We checked the feasibility of each function of the proposed system through the analysis of the existing technology and verified the suitability of the proposed techniques to meet the user's requirements through the questionnaire survey of a total of 264 users of personal and corporate PC users. As a result of statistical analysis of the questionnaire results, it was found that the score of intent to introduce the system was at 6.3 or more which appeared to be good, and the score of intent to change from existing solution to the proposed system was at 6.0 which appeared to be very high.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.281-298
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has so far given the world a great shock and fear that cannot be compared to other infectious diseases, and local economies are experiencing a serious economic crisis accordingly. This paper examines the regional characteristics of economic recession and resilience due to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the employment fluctuations in 85 cities nationwide. Although the overall trend is in line with national employment indicators, there are some differences in the shock response and the recovery of employment in individual cities. The difference between cities is somewhat greater in the resilience of the recovery stage than the resistance, which is the shock-response stage. In terms of resilience, cities in the capital area have relatively good condition compared to cities in the non-capital area. The weak resilience of large cities such as Seoul, which has a high population density, can be explained to be the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic of infectious diseases. Regarding the economic structure of the city, the ratio of service and sales workers, wholesalers and retailers, and food and lodging businesses are analyzed as valid explanatory variables for the resilience of cities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.695-709
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• 2022

This study examined the mothers' stress level as it related to meal preparation and a change in food consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic. I asked mothers about the difficulties related to meal preparation, changes in food consumption, and their interest in food and health information using in-depth research methods. As a result, food delivery and online food consumption have markedly expanded as eating out has decreased. Mothers tried to serve fresh food at home because they perceived delivery food as unhealthy. They stick to it more vigorously with their younger children. As the result of analysis on determinants of food consumption, their interest in organic food is higher when mothers' ages are younger with higher income. However, mothers with a low level of education tend to be uninterested in it. Therefore, the ages of the children and mothers, household income, and education levels all had an effect on food consumption behaviors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2023

To prepare for the threat of a future epidemic in the post-COVID-19 era, research based on the one-health concept (i.e., the health of humans, animals, and the environment as "one") is essential. Cross-species infections are being identified as a result of the high infection rate and viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to mink has been determined. In addition, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to cats through contact has been considered possible. The data so far show that livestock and poultry are less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, if infections are established through a new mutation, the resulting diseases are expected to have enormous ripple effects on various fields, such as human food security, the economy, and trade. In addition, there are concerns about the endemic prospect of SARS-CoV-2 and the high accessibility of companion animals. This is because the evolution of the virus likely occurs in animal hosts. Once SARS-CoV-2 is established in other species, they might serve as intermediate hosts for the re-emergence of the virus in the human population. Thus, it is necessary to ensure a rapid response to future outbreaks by accumulating research data on the animal infection of SARS-CoV-2. These data can have implications for the development of animal models for vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, in this study, epidemiological reviews were analyzed, and response strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals were presented using the One-health approach.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.127-147
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• 2020

The world is suffering from numerous human and economic losses due to the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The Korean government established a strategy to overcome the national infectious disease crisis through research and development. It is difficult to find distinctive features and changes in a specific R&D field when using the existing technical classification or science and technology standard classification. Recently, a few studies have been conducted to establish a classification system to provide information about the investment research areas of infectious diseases in Korea through a comparative analysis of Korea government-funded research projects. However, these studies did not provide the necessary information for establishing cooperative research strategies among countries in the infectious diseases, which is required as an execution plan to achieve the goals of national health security and fostering new growth industries. Therefore, it is inevitable to study information services based on the classification system and classification model for establishing a national collaborative R&D strategy. Seven classification - Diagnosis_biomarker, Drug_discovery, Epidemiology, Evaluation_validation, Mechanism_signaling pathway, Prediction, and Vaccine_therapeutic antibody - systems were derived through reviewing infectious diseases-related national-funded research projects of South Korea. A classification system model was trained by combining Scopus data with a bidirectional RNN model. The classification performance of the final model secured robustness with an accuracy of over 90%. In order to conduct the empirical study, an infectious disease classification system was applied to the coronavirus-related research and development projects of major countries such as the STAR Metrics (National Institutes of Health) and NSF (National Science Foundation) of the United States(US), the CORDIS (Community Research & Development Information Service)of the European Union(EU), and the KAKEN (Database of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) of Japan. It can be seen that the research and development trends of infectious diseases (coronavirus) in major countries are mostly concentrated in the prediction that deals with predicting success for clinical trials at the new drug development stage or predicting toxicity that causes side effects. The intriguing result is that for all of these nations, the portion of national investment in the vaccine_therapeutic antibody, which is recognized as an area of research and development aimed at the development of vaccines and treatments, was also very small (5.1%). It indirectly explained the reason of the poor development of vaccines and treatments. Based on the result of examining the investment status of coronavirus-related research projects through comparative analysis by country, it was found that the US and Japan are relatively evenly investing in all infectious diseases-related research areas, while Europe has relatively large investments in specific research areas such as diagnosis_biomarker. Moreover, the information on major coronavirus-related research organizations in major countries was provided by the classification system, thereby allowing establishing an international collaborative R&D projects.