• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.50.1-50.1
• /
• 2010

내열성과 내부식성, 촉매능력등이 뛰어난 백금은 자동차 배출가스 정화촉매, 유/무기화학반응의 공정 촉매, 석유화학산업에서의 촉매 등 촉매 뿐만 아니라 용융유리용 도가니, 유리 섬유용 부싱 등의 유리산업, 백금 열전대 외에도 전기/전자기기, 치과용 합금, 장신구, 항공우주,등의 많은 분야에서 폭넓게 쓰인다. 한편 낮은 기계적 특성을 개선하기 위하여 로듐 등의 백금족 원소를 첨가한 합금을 제조하여 이용하고 있지만 로듐의 공금 부족과 이에 따른 가격 상승으로 인한 대체조성의 설계가 요구되고 있다. 또한 고온의 산화분위기에 노출이 되면 산화물이 형성되고 이것이 휘발하여 중량의 손실이 생긴다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 백금 합금의 이러한 문제점의 해결방안을 제시하고자 백금족 원소를 첨가하고 첨가 원소별 산화휘발의 정도를 측정하였다. 시편은 plasma arc melting법으로 각각 Pt, Pt-20%Rh, Pt-11%Ir, Pt-10%Rh-10%Ir의 조성을 가지는 합금을 만든 후 압연을 하여 판상으로 만들었고, 이를 각각 $1000^{\circ}C$, $1200^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$ 등에서 각각 96시간 까지 산화휘발시켜 중량손실량을 측정하였고 이를 XPS를 이용한 표면분석을 하여 산화휘발거동을 규명하였다. 그 결과 Pt-20%Rh가 가장 우수한 고온산화휘발특성을 보였으며 상대적으로 고온산화휘발특성이 좋지 않은 Pt-Ir 2원계 합금에 Rh를 첨가한 Pt-10%Rh-10%Ir 3원계 합금을 만들어 약 60% 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있었고 이 결과를 증기압 관점에서 고찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1997.05b
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 1997

백금족 원소인 Rhodium 과 Palladium 담지 SDBC 고분자촉매를 제조하여 삼중수소 분리반응 특성을 실험하였다. 수중에서도 고활성을 유지하는 소수성촉매 제조를 위하여 고수율의 벌크중합법에 의한 SDBC 고분자담체를 합성하였다. 삼중수소 분리반응실험은 수소유속과 반응온도를 촉매물질에 따라 변화 시켜서 반응효율을 측정함으로써 수행하였다. 실험결과 Rhodium-SDBC 와 Palladium-SDBC 공히 삼중수소 분리반응에 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 Rhodium은 유망한 백금대체 촉매물질로 개발될 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 1998

백금족 원소의 광화 마그마 내에서의 지화학적·결정학적 거동을 밝히기 위하여 백금, 안티모니, 테루리움계를 선택하여 800℃에서 안정한 광물 또는 화합물의 종류와 이들의 공생군, 원소간의 고용한계 등에 대해 실험적으로 연구하였다. 순도가 높은 각 원소를 초기 반응 물질로 하였으며, 고순도 석영관을 용기로 사용하였으며, 화학 반응 생성물은 반사현미경의, X선회절분석기, 전자현미분석기 등을 사용하여 분석하였다. 800℃에서 안정한 화합물로는, 백금(Pt), PtSb(stumpflite), PtSb2(geversite), PtTe, Pt3Te4, Pt2Te3, PtTe2(moncheite)이다. 이 연구 결과로부터 800℃에서의 상평형다이아그램을 정립하였다. 이 온도에서는 stumpflite와 geversite 및 moncheite가 현저히 치환고용체를 이루는데 그 한계는 각각 10 at.% Te, 28.5 at.% Te, 19.5 at.% Sb이다. 특히 원소광물인 백금과 stumpflite 및 moncheite는 화학성분은 이들 광물을 포함하고 있는 광상의 생성온도를 제시해 주는 지질온도계 역할을 할 수 있다.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2011

The dry method and wet method are currently used for the recovery of platinum group metals (Pt, Rh, Pd) contained in spent automobile catalysts. The study herein aims to identify the melting condition and optimum collector metal in accordance with a comparison of each concentration change in melting waste catalysts, using Fe and Cu in a basic experiment to recover waste catalysts through application of the dry melting method. As a summarized result of the experiment herein, it was determined to be more advantageous to use Fe as a parent material rather than Cu from the aspect of recollection rate, and the concentration change rate of platinum group metals within slag was greatly enhanced at $1,600^{\circ}C$ melting condition rather than at $1,500^{\circ}C$ in terms of melting processing temperature. The mean concentration of platinum group metals - Rh, Pd and Pt - within slag after a melting process at $1,600^{\circ}C$ were 6.21 ppm, 5.98 ppm and 6.97 ppm. The Rh and Pd were 50.58% and 55.31% respectively greater than the concentration change rate of platinum group metals in slag at a melting temperature of $1,500^{\circ}C$. However, since the initial concentration of Pt within the waste catalysts was 12.9 ppm, is relatively low, it was difficult to compare concentration change rates after the melting process.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 2009

Rare platinum group (RPG)including rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, exists at the rate of 0.4 ppb or less in the earth's crust. For the purpose of suggestion to developing necessity for recycling technology with the RPG, survey on the characteristics and the recovery technologies was carried out by using patent information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.363-364
• /
• 2015

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2012

The prohibitively high cost of Pt catalyst might be the biggest barrier for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) of which wide application is expected. Worldwide research efforts for the development of alternative to Pt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst are made recently. One of the important considerations in the catalyst development is durability issue as well as economic aspect. From this point of view, platinum group metals (PGM) except Pt can be a candidate for replacing Pt catalyst because the material properties and the catalytic activity of PGM are expected to be similar to Pt. In contrast to Ir, Rh and Os to which not so much attention has been paid as an ORR catalyst, Pd that is most similar to Pt in terms of material properties and catalytic activity and Ru that is in the form of chalcogenide have been studied intensively. Activity comparison between non-Pt and Pt oxygen reduction catalysts by half cell test using RDE (rotating disk electrode) or PEMFC MEA (membrane electrode assembly) operation indicates that Pd-based catalysts show the most similar activity to Pt. In this paper we analyze the composition of PGM ORR catalyst in literature to promote the development of non-Pt ORR catalyst.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.103-104
• /
• 2011

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigated the elution behavior of platinoid metal acetylacetonates, which is the key to elucidate their retention mechanism and optimize their RPLC separation conditions. The retention data of four platinoid metal acetylacetonates have been measured on four different columns in methanol-water and acetonitrile-water systems. The retention of uncharged platinoid metal acetylacetonates is interpreted by solvophobic effect. The retention of platinoid metal acetylacetonates is also greatly influenced by the geometric structure of the complexes. The square planar chelates, $Pd(acac)_2$, $Pt(acac)_2$, are retained longer than the octahedral chelates, $Rh(acac)_3$, $Ir(acac)_3$. It is likely due to that square planar chelates show greater interaction with nonpolar stationary phase than octahedral chelates. The results of van't Hoff plots have shown that platinoid metal acetylacetonates is operated on the same retention mechanism in the temperature range of $25{\sim}45^{\circ}C$. The study of the retention mechanism by the enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenon has indicated that the retention mechanism of octahedral chelates and square planar chelates do not vary with the composition change of methanol-water mobile phase, respectively. In acetonitrile-water mobile phase, however, the retention mechanism is observed to be more complicated. Optimum condition for the separation of four platinoid metal acetylacetonates is found to be 40% methanol, polymeric C18 column, and $45^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.405-416
• /
• 2018

In this research, the distribution of Platinum Group Elements (PGEs) at roadside dust in Daejeon, Korea was examined using an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) technique. For the quality assurance of the determination, method validation based on its accuracy and precision was conducted using SRM (Standard Reference Material). It was found that the relative errors of Pt, Pd, and Rh against each SRM value were -0.7%, -10.0%, and -20.4%, respectively, while relative standard deviations for three elements were less than 10%. The concentrations of Pt, Pd and Rh in roadside dust averaged as $17.4{\pm}9.2{\mu}g/kg$, $283.6{\pm}20.5{\mu}g/kg$, and $7.3{\pm}2.8{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The concentrations of Pt and Rh have significantly higher distribution patterns in the dust at roadside and underground parking lot than those in soil of the background or other urban area. The correlation analysis between concentrations of PGEs in roadside dust indicates that the distribution of Pt and Rh concentration were strongly affected by automobile sources.