• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

An investigation was done to evaluate the effects of adding green tea probiotics, Alisma canaliculatum probiotics and fermented Kelp meal on the growth performance and immune response in sows and piglets. A total of 32 pregnant sows were assigned to 4 treatments in 8 replications with 1 sow as a replicate in this experiment from 2 months before parturition to 28 days after parturition. Three hundred nineteen (319) piglets were produced from experimental sows after parturition. The dietary treatments were CON group (without antibiotics), GTP (basal+green tea probiotics, 0.5% of the diet), ACP group (basal + Alisma canaliculatum probiotics, 0.5% of the diet) and FKM group (basal+fermented Kelp meal, 0.5% of the diet). Litter size and body weight at birth and weaning size and body weight at weanling in piglets were greater in additives group compared to CON group but no statistical differences were found (P>0.05). Diarrhea score showed a decreasing tendency with three additives groups compared to CON group. The lymphocytes in blood of sows fed ACP and FKM group were significantly higher compared to CON group (P<0.05), and the MID of GTP and FKM group were significantly lower compared to CON group (P<0.05). The serum IgG concentration in sows tended to increase with additives groups compared to CON group and the serum IgA and IgM concentration in GTP and FKM group were significantly higher compared to ACP group (P<0.05). The cortisol levels showed a decreasing tendency in additives groups without statistical differences among the groups (P>0.05). Based on these observations, it can be inferred that the GTP and FKM may have such efficacy as antibiotics in growing pigs.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.25-52
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• 2017

As the expansion of the cultural industry expands, various competitive structures are formed and the methodologies for producing commercial success are being discussed. Among them, Hollywood studios use political relationships and apply ideologies that can produce the best interests. Also, they use a structure that can convey this ideology, which is a mythology. The myth has satisfied the public for a ling time. Campbell suggested that strategies come from the myth, and the ideology emerged as a result of what mythology has to do with existing powers. Disney and Dream Works use the mythology and combine their own values into ideology. Disney and Dream Works choose conflicting ideologies in a different growth background. If Disney is recognized as an educational animation by the ruling class, Dream Works are supported by the public for their actions against Disney. Disney has conservative and patriotic personality, Dream Works is more liberal and progressive. Disney's structure came out first, and Dream Works parodied it. So we can compare Disney and Dream Works with similar myths to create a storytelling structure that embodies ideology. As a result, Disney and Dream Works have been choosing the 9 stages the key of Ideology form the 17 stages of the mythology and reduced them to the introduction, growth and completion. In the first units of the introduction, Disney dealt with the subject of social leaders who sacrificed to the ruling class and Dream Works hinted at the overthrow of the ruling class through the irony. If Disney had deployed colored races in the main characters, Dream Works used a variety of races from the main characters to others. In the second units of growth, Disney organized the process of accepting the value of the ruling class, and Dream Works showed the individual values, not the values of society. In the third units completion, Disney showed the main character who live in the world of the ruling class rebuilded, and Dream Works removed the ruling class and went back to the Individual life. Through the structure of Disney and DreamWorks, we learned how to utilize the mythical structures that transform according to ideologies. The right way to organize works will require the strategic approach to storytelling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2009

최근 유기농산물에 대한 관심과 요구가 급증하면서 소비자들은 고품질 유기농산물을 선호하고 있어 국내 대부분 유기농가들은 무처리 일반종자를 이용하고 있는 실정이다. 앞으로 국제 기준에 부합하는 채소류 유기재배를 위해서는 유기종자의 이용이 필수적이므로 유기종자 채종체계 확립이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 당근 종자(재래종 heimloom)를 사용하여 유기종자의 채종체계를 확립하고자 하였다. 일반적으로 당근종자 생산은 적어도 2년을 요구한다. Seed to seed 방법과 Root to seed 방법이 이용되고 있는데 본 연구에서는 Root to seed 방법을 사용하였다. Root to seed 방법은 6월에 당근종자를 파종하여 가을에 뿌리를 수확하여 지상부를 5cm 정도 남기고 정지하여 일시 저온저장 하였다가 이듬해 뿌리를 이식하여 새순에서 추대시켜 종자를 수확하는 방법으로 종자 생산성이 높아 종자회사에서 많이 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서도 Root to seed 방법으로 채종 시험하였다. 2008년도에 파종 및 수확한 뿌리를 저온저장고에 일시 저장 후 1차 이식은 2008년 11월 하순에 노지포장에서 실시하고 이때 월동 중 동해를 막기 위하여 보온덮개로 멀칭 처리하였다. 이듬해 3월 중순에 주간거리 75${\times}$40cm 간격으로 솎음하여 처리당 10주씩 배치하였다. 이식후 뿌리에서 새순 1대를 유도하였고 추대 및 개화 6주후부터 종자가 갈색으로 변하기 시작할 때 채종을 시작하였다. 수확부위는 1차 측지 중 1번째 화지를 대상으로 하였고 화경절단은 화총으로부터 20cm 정도 남겨서 잘랐고 실내에서 1개월 이상 충분히 후숙시킨 후 종자를 정선하여 종자생산성을 조사하였다. 결실율과 발아율 조사는 채종된 종자를 이용하여 종자 충실도와 발아력을 조사하였다. 각 품종별 추대율은 15번 품종과 16번, 24번 품종이 5% 미만으로 매우 부진하였고 그밖에 추대된 묘의 생육 및 발육상은 매우 양호하여 개화에는 커다란 문제가 없었다. 종자 결실율은 23번 품종을 제외한 모든 품종에서 높았고 각 품종별 화총구조를 고려해 볼 때 주간 화총, 1차측지, 2차측지 순으로 결실율이 떨어졌다. 각 품종의 천립중은 1, 11, 12, 14, 20번 품종이 2.02g 이상으로 대립종으로 판단되며 각 품종별 화총의 크기는 비슷하여 대립종은 각 화총당 종자수가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 대분분의 대립종은 만생종으로 생육기간이 소립종 보다 10-20일상 길며 종자 성숙기간도 장기간 소요되며 특히 장마기간을 넘겨야 할 경우에는 비가림 시설 채종재배가 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 발아율은 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 26번 품종이 80% 이상으로 가장 높았고 다른 품종에서는 다소 떨어져 품종별 차이가 많았다. 종자 생산성은 장근종과 단근종간에 약간의 차이가 있지만 주간 화총을 포함하여 1차 측지 4-5개에서 채종하는 것이 가장 효율적인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 당근의 개화 기간을 보면 1화륜은 8~10일, 1개체는 40~50일, 채종포장에서는 1화륜에서 측지 6개구까지 채종은 60~70일 소요되어 미숙종자와 과숙종자가 혼재되어 적정 수확시기를 결정하기가 매우 어려운 점이 발생하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 생육특성, 수량성, 품질특성, 종자 생산성, 발아율을 고려해 볼 때 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 26번 품종이 유기농 재배 및 유기채종에 적합한 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) with liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, minerals, and free sugar in cultivating Sorghum ${\times}$ Sorghum Hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based only on the nitrogen (150 kg/ha). Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter were significantly the lower in T4 (p<0.05). Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield was the highest in T2, whereas the lowest in T3 (p<0.05). However, dry matter yields and TDN yield did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude protein was the highest in T1 (p<0.05). Crude fat content did not significant differences between the T1, T2, T3 and T4, but C showed a significantly different (p<0.05). NDF and crude fiber were the highest in T3 and C, respectively (p<0.05). However, ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Total mineral contents were higher in the order of T1> T2> T4> T3> C (p<0.05). Free sugar contents were significantly higher at T1 and C as compared to other treatments. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of mineral and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow SSH without chemical fertilizer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.828-834
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• 2012

The present study has been conducted to investigate the effects of feeding seleniferous whole crop barley (WCB) to finishing pigs on their growth performance, blood and carcass characteristics as well as on tissue selenium deposition. A total of 40 cross-bred barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) were allotted to five replicates of four treatments. Each replicate was arranged to 2 pigs per pen; the experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. The finishing pigs were fed diets containing 0.1 (non-seleniferous WCB as a control), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of selenium (Se) by supplementing the diets with seleniferous WCB. The isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 5% non-seleniferous or seleniferous WCB were formulated. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect (p<0.05) the feed intake and BW gain. Total blood lipid concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing Se levels. Total blood cholesterol concentration for the control was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of Se treatments. Increasing the Se levels in WCB significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood triglyceride concentration; however, the levels increased immunoglobulin G and selenium concentrations. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect the carcass rate, backfat thickness and meat quality as well as yield grades. The Se concentration in the kidney, liver and loin were significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. The results indicated that feeding seleniferous WCB may improve the blood characteristics related to lipid metabolism and thus, could produce selenium-fortified pork. Moreover, it is shown that the dietary optimal selenium level to depose selenium in porcine tissues by utilizing seleniferous WCB would be 0.4 mg of Se/kg of ration. Moreover, when 100 g of pork produced from pigs raised under such condition is served to consumers, it meets the minimum recommended daily requirements (40 ${\mu}g$) of dietary selenium proposed by the World Health Organization (1996).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

Laboratory scale experiments were performed to investigate the removal efficiency of the in-situ chemical oxidation method and the air-sparging method for diesel contaminated soil and groundwater. Two kinds of diesel contaminated soils (TPH concentration : 2,401 mg/kg and 9,551 mg/kg) and groundwater sampled at Busan railroad station were used for the experiments. For batch experiments of chemical oxidation by using 50% hydrogen peroxide solution, TPH concentration of soil decreased to 18% and 15% of initial TPH concentration. For continuous column experiments, more than 70% of initial TPH in soil was removed by using soil flushing with 20% hydrogen peroxide solution, suggesting that most of diesel in soil reacted with hydrogen peroxide and degraded into $CO_2$ or $H_2O$ gases. Batch experiment for the air-sparging method with artificially contaminated groundwater (TPH concentration : 810 mg/L) was performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of the air-sparging method and TPH concentration of groundwater decreased to lower than 5 mg/L (waste water discharge tolerance limit) within 72 hours of air-sparging. For box experiment with diesel contaminated real soil and groundwater, the removal efficiency of air-sparging was very low because of the residual diesel phase existed in soil medium, suggesting that the air-sparging method should be applied to remediate groundwater after the free phase of diesel in soil medium was removed. For the last time, the in-situ box experiment for a unit process mixed the chemical oxidation process with the air-sparging process was performed to remove diesel from soil and groundwater at a time. Soil flushing with 20% hydrogen peroxide solution was applied to diesel contaminated soils in box, and subsequently contaminated groundwater was purified by the air-sparging method. With 23 L of 20% hydrogen peroxide solution and 2,160 L of air-sparging, TPH concentration of soil decreased from 9,551 mg/kg to 390 mg/kg and TPH concentration of groundwater reduced to lower than 5 mg/L. Results suggested that the combination process of the in-situ hydrogen peroxide flushing and the air-sparging has a great possibility to simultaneously remediate fuel contaminated soil and groundwater.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

To investigate a comparison of rice yield and quality by a utilization of green crops using barley and hairyvetch, this study was carried out in rice (Oryza sativa L.) organic cultivation field. Convention barley harvest (CBH), Green barley crop (GBC), Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC), and Non-Green crop (NGC) were treated in rice cultivation field. The results obtained as following: 1) Culm length and pancile length in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation were longer than organic cultivation but were not significant difference in all treatments. Yields of milled rice in Green barley crop (GBC) and Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC) were by 90.3% and 95.9%, respectively. 2) Protein contents in Green barley crop (GBC) and Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC) were by 5.7% lower than 6.6% in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation. Amylose contents in all treatment were similar as range 18.8% to 19.1%. Whiteness contents in Green barley crop (GBC) and Green barley+Green Hairyvetch crop (GB+HVC) were slightly higher by 38.9% and 39.1%, respectively, than 37.7% in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation. 3) Palatability values in Barley harvest (BH) and Non-Green crop (NGC) were slightly higher by 82.0 and 83.8, respectively, than 77.6 in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation. 4) Head rice in Non-Green crop (NGC) was 95.5%, while that of Convention barley harvest (CBH), Green barley crop (GBC), and Green barley+Green Hairy-vetch crop (GB+HVC) were slightly low as range 93.8% to 94.2%. White core and belly rice in Convention barley harvest (CBH) cultivation was the highest level by 1.7%. 5) Leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight, rice stem maggot, rice leaf roller, rice leaf-tier, and green rice leafhopper were occurred lightly in rice field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 1987

Rough rice samples of four rice varieties were collected from twenty five locations through the country just after 1986 rice growing season. Various characteristics related to rice grain quality were observed to clarify the degree of locational variation of physico-chemical properties, and cooking and eating quality of rice grains. Grain weight, grain shape, degree of translucency and chalkiness of rice grain, amylogram properties of rice flour, water uptake during cooking, and cooked rice appearance were different between varieties tested. High degree of locational variation were found in following characteristics, degree of translucency and chalkiness of rice grain, water uptake during cooking, cooked rice appearance and amylogram properties. Eating quality of cooked rice indicated by sensory score showed different tendency of locational variation between rice varie-ties tested, and locations produced rice grains showing better eating quality were not coinside with among varieties tested. Grain weight, degree of translucency and chalkiness of rice grain, and cooked rice appearance of rice samples showing better eating quality were quite different to rice grains showing poor eating quality. Rice having better eating quality of a japonica variety, Chucheong, showed higher value of peak and final viscosity, viscosity after cooling, consistency and set back on amylograph compared with those of poor eating quality rices, and break down value of better rice was lower than that of poor rice. However, a Tongil type variety, Taebaek, did not show any consistent difference between better and poor rices. Rice samples from six locations in Chucheong and four locations in Taebaek showed special properties on amylogram compared with other rices collected in this study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2017

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of extruded linseed supplementation on methane production in Holstein steers. Four Holstein steers fitted with permanent cannulas were assigned to two dietary treatments in a duplicated $2{\times}2$ Latin square design: a control diet consisting of tall fescue straw (65%) and concentrate (35%), and a treatment diet supplemented with 3.8% extruded linseed by replacing a part of ingredients in the concentrate of the control diet. The concentrates of the control and the treatment diet were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Extruded linseed supplementation did not affect dry matter intake but significantly (P<0.05) increased the intake of lipid. Rumen pH was significantly (P<0.05) lower for control than for treatment. Although there was no significant difference between treatments, the concentration of total VFA in control was 21% higher than in treatment. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were not different between treatments. Extruded linseed supplementation significantly (P<0.05) reduced methane output(g/d) and emission factor. Methane conversion rate was lower for treatment than for control but no significant difference was found. The results of the present study showed that extruded linseed supplementation in the diet of Holstein steers could reduce methane output.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.749-758
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• 2003

The velvet antler of Korean sika deer has been used to the important resources for human health care with ginseng in Korea and Chinese. For studying on biological function of deer velvet being recorded in many ancient literatures, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of powdered velvet antler on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and intestinal organ development in growing and adult Sprague-Dawley Rats. Experiments were designed by adding amount of powdered velvet antler such as control (non- supplementation), powdered velvet antler I (PVA I, recommended dose) and powdered velvet antler II (PVA II, thrice recommended dose). The recommended dose of powdered velvet in this experiment was calculated with metabolic body weight of rats, which based on the recommended amounts for 70 kg of human. The growths of growing and adult rats generally appeared advantage in PVA supplementation. The final body weight of control, PVA I and II were respectively 470${\pm}$39.00g, 478${\pm}$30.33g and 475${\pm}$22.72g in growing rats, and 485${\pm}$38.50g, 521${\pm}$38.67g and 508${\pm}$34.44g in adult rats. The average daily feed intake were not significantly influenced but the feed efficiency ratios (feed/gain) were improved by PVA supplementation. The feed/gain ratios of control, PVA I and II were respectively 5.99, 5.47 and 5.54 in growing rats, and 9.04, 7.73 and 8.18 in adult rats. In case of developments of liver, heart, kidney and stomach, we obtained favorable results in both PAC I and II, but their results were not significantly different according to amount of PVA supplementation. Because liver and heart are important organs in the circulation of blood, their favorable effects suggest that velvet antler may have factors contributing hematopoiesis. Conclusively, supplementation of powdered velvet antler resulted in an improved growth, feed efficiency and development of some intestinal organs in growing and adult rat. Even if further investigation of dose in human health care are should be performed, this experiment appeared the best desirable results in PVA I, recommended dose of powdered velvet antler.