• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.2949-2967
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• 1973

The purpose of this study is to find out and determine the minimum consumptive use of water for Korean cabbage and turmp, so that the minimum water requirement can be secured always for a stable cultivation of these vegetables regardless of weather conditions. The experiment was conducted in two periods; first one from May to July and second one from August to October, each experiment with two varieties of cabbage and two varieties of radish with 2 replicants and 15 treatments. The results found from the above are briefly as follows: 1. Since the mean soil moisture equivalent 64 days after the treatment was 28.5% and the soil moisture content at the time was 2.67% which is far less than that of the wilting point, the crop seemed to be extremely caused by a drought. 2. The rate of 51 days after the seeding, soil moisture content of plot No.2 where irrigation has been continuous was the highest or 21.3%, whereas the plot No.14 without irrigations was 11.2% and the lowest. Therefore, the soil moisture content for the minimum qrowth seemed to be 20%. 3. The consumptive coefficient of Blaney and Criddle on cabbage in two periods were K=1.14 and 0.97 respectively, and on radish in two periods were K=1.06 and 0.86 respectively, thus, cabbage was higher than radish. The consumptive coefficient in the first experiment (May-July) was 0.17 to 0.20 higher than the 2nd experiment(August-October). 4. Nomally, cabbage and radish germinate within one week, however, the germination ot these crops which were treated with a suspended water supply from the beginning took two full weeks. 5. When it elapsed 30 days after seeding, the conditions in plot 1,2 and 3 were fairly good however, the crops in the plops other than these showed a withering and the leaves were withered and changed into high green due to an extrem drought. Though it was about same at the beginning, the drought damage on cabbage was worse than that on radish period, and the reasos for this appears in the latter that the roots are grown too deep. 6. The cabbage showed a high affinity between treated plots and varieties. Consequently, it can be said that cabbage is very suseptive to drought damage, and the yield showed a difference of 35% to 56% depending on the selection oe varieties. 7. The radish also showed a high affinity between the treated plots, however, almost us affinity existed between varieties. Therfore, the yield of radish largely depends on the extent of drought, and the selection of variety does not affect at all. 8. The normal consumptive use on cabbage is $0.62{\ell}/sec$, while that on radish is $0.64{\ell}/sec$, and the minimum optimum water requirement that was obtained in this study is $4,000cc/day/m^3$ or $0.462{\ell}/sec/ha$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Green manure and graminaceousmanure crops have several benefits, such as improving soil physical and chemical properties and utilizing excessive greenhouse nutrients that they have a potential to be a water pollutant source. METHODS AND RESULTS: The objective of this study was to investigate nitrogen (N) supplying capabilities of green manure and graminaceous manure crops for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. For this two leguminous manures (Crotalaria juncea (Cr.) and Sesbaniaexaltata (Se.)) and two graminaceous manures (Sorghum bicolor; Haussolgo(Ha.) and Sudangrass (Sg.)) in the greenhouse were grown, cut, and incorporated into the greenhouse soil before planting. Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate was estimated based on N recommendation for lettuce and Chinese cabbage. 100% of the N recommended rates (1N) were 70 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for lettuce and 60 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage and 50% of the N recommendation rates (0.5N) were 35 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for lettuce and 30 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage. Nitrogen treatments were control (0N), Cr., Se., Cr + 0.5 N, Se + 0.5 N, Ha + 0.5 N, Sg + 0.5 N, and N recommendation rate (1N). Incorporated N from green manure and graminaceous manure crops were 130, 116, 93, and 87 kg N $ha^{-1}$ for Cr., Se., Ha., and Sg., respectively. Lettuce and Chinese cabbage were grown after incorporated green manure crops into the greenhouse soil. There was no significant difference in lettuce and Chinese cabbage yields under N treatments except control (0 kg/ha). Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)was from 44% to 73% and the highest NUE was under Se. treatment. Although yields were not statistically different under N treatments except control, actual yield increase ranged from 170 to 1,100 kg/ha for lettuce and ranged from 2,770 to 5,210 kg/ha for Chinese cabbage compared to yield under N recommendation rate. Estimated economic benefit from this would be higher approximately between \2,770,000 and \5,210,000/ha under N treatments except control than the N recommendation rate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating green manure crops, such as Cr. and SeSe. into soil or adding 0.5 N after incorporation of them can be beneficial in many ways in that it increases economic return because of yield increase, reduces the use of chemical N, and decreases the negative environmental impact on water quality because excessive N in the greenhouse soil can be used by green manure crops during the fallow.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 2002

Effect of the microbial product, which consisted of Bacillus coagulans DL-1 and rice bran, on the microorganisms in soil and growth of cabbage and tomato was investigated. Bacillus congulans DL-1 was isolated form the soil and identified in this study. Total number of microorganisms in the soil treated with the microbial product was higher than the untreated soil. The growth of cabbage and tomato on the soil treated with microbial product was faster than that on the untreated soil. The treatment of microbial product in the soil resulted in the increase of useful microorganisms, which seemed to enhance the growth of cabbage and tomato. It seemed that microbial product can increase the number of certain microorganisms and change the ratio of different species of microorganisms.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

In this study, we surveyed the distribution pattern and dominance of weeds occurred in four summer crop fields, hot pepper, soybean, maize, and Chinese cabbage in Gyeongbuk province. The weeds were summarized as 32 family and 132 species in hot pepper field, 31 family and 116 species in soybean field, 37 family 134 species in maize field, finally 35 family and 170 species in Chinese cabbage field. Among these weeds occurred in the four summer crop fields, the compositae was commonly dominant family, it occupied 17.4% in hot pepper field, 18.1% in soybean field, 11.9% in maize field, and 16.5% in Chinese cabbage field. The major five families including compositatae, graminae, polygonaceae, convolvulaceae and cruciferae were occupied 43.2% in hot pepper field, 47.4% in soybean field, 42.5% in maize field, and 43.5% in Chinese cabbage field, respectively. Furthermore, the most dominant weed in the hot pepper, soybean, maize, and Chinese cabbage fields was Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria ciliaris, and Rorippa palustris, respectively. This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in food crop fields of Gyeongbuk province.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.399-401
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• 2015

This study investigated the plant growth promoting activity of geraniol on Chinese cabbage (Brasscia campestris ssp. Pekinensis Rupr.), Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L.), Crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.), Iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Leaf perilla (Perilla frutescens Britt.). Geraniol at 0.5 to $10mg\;L^{-1}$ promoted radical growth of Chinese cabbage Pak Choi, Crown daisy, Iceberg lettuce and leaf perilla by >30%. In the pot experiments, geraniol treatment at $20mg\;L^{-1}$ by drenching increased up to 190% of the aerial part growth promotion. By comparison, foliar application showed 124% promoting activity only at $100mg\;L^{-1}$.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2011

Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.) is known as the most destructive pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. As most insecticides targeted to mainly larval stage, new insecticides which have hatching-inhibitory or ovicidal activity could be more efficient to control DBM. Therefore, we developed an easy and efficient method for screening ovicidal activity of DBM eggs using aluminum foil. The aluminum foil ($4{\times}12$ cm) coated with filtered juice of chinese cabbage leave (hereinafter called oviposition foil) exposed to 300 newly-emerged adults for 24 hours inside the rearing container. The oviposition foils were replaced every 4 days consecutively after mating, but it was better to discarded over then. Oviposition foil were divided into 6 to 12 pieces depending on egg mass volume. After dipping into test solutions for 10 seconds using faucet, oviposition foil pieces were placed into common petri dish, and then investigated hatchability. The effect of methanol solvent (50%) for 10 seconds dipping on the toxicity against DBM eggs was negligible. In addition, whether covering the petri dish or not should be dependent on nature of active compounds tested. With applying the new bioassay method, methanol extracts from 50 plants were tested the ovicidal activity to DBM eggs. Among them, four plant extracts; Angelica tenuissima root, Lycium chinense root, Cnidium officinale root and Polygala tenuifolia root, showed high ovicidal activity of over 90% control efficacy, against DBM eggs.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.395-406
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• 2007

The twenty seven wrap-up vegetables (13 Compositae, 14 Brassicaceae) and seven herbs (6 Labiatae, 1 Umbelliferae) were cultivated with a deep flow technique (DFT) hydroponic beds and treated with 3 levels of nutrient solution concentrations of 1.2, 2.4, and $3.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in summer and autumn season. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) change of nutrient solution, fresh weight, and mineral contents of plants were investigated. The pH was maintained lower in high electrical conductivity (EC) treatment and in summer than autumn. EC of nutrient solution in EC $3.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ treatment increased up to $4.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ during the growing period in summer season. The growth of tested plants showed high variations by plant species and nutrient solution concentrations. The coefficient variation (CV) of the shoot fresh weight of plants was higher in summer than autumn. The growth of Compostiae and herbs was better at EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and 14 Brassicaceae was better at EC $2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in summer. In autumn, the growth was better at EC $2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in all plants except kale 'TBC F1' and red rape 'honchaetae'. In mineral contents, total nitrogen and potassium were higher in autumn than summer. Total nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium were higher in Brassicaceae than others. Iron and manganese, however, were higher in Compositae. As the results, this study suggests that mixed planting of 27 wrap-up vegetables and 7 herbs in DFT hydroponics in two seasons was possible and EC $1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in summer and EC $2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in autumn be recommended as for the nutrient solution concentration to produce them safely year round.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 1996

A green-house experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of Chinese cabbage, radish, and soybean and changes in soil chemical properties after application of 5 and 10mm of pH 2.7 simulated acid rain(SAR) followed by 0, 5, and 10mm of pH 6.0 normal water at the three-day intervals 20 times for Chinese cabbage and radish and 42 times for soybean. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Visual damages by SAR were white-yellow leaf spots, dark brown or light green leaf color, and wrinkled leaf margins in all crops. The degree of visual damages was severer at 10mm than at 5mm SAR and it was reduced as the amounts of normal water increased after SAR application. 2. Chlorophyll content was higher at 10mm than at 5mm SAR application and increased as the amounts of normal water increased after SAR application in all crops. 3. Fresh weights of Chinese cabbage heads and radish roots and grain yield of soybean were higher at 10mm than at 5mm SAR, while they increased as the amounts of normal water increased at the same SAR level. 4. Changes in the mineral contents of plants were not consistent, while S content in radish and soybean increased as the amounts of SAR increased. 5. SAR lowered soil pH, while it increased soil N and S contents. Contents of soil organic matter, P, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K were not affected by the amounts of SAR.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the residual level of 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1.3] benzothiazole (tricyclazole) and the amount of transfer to Korean cabbage grown in treated soil with tricyclazole. The field trial on Korean cabbage was done at two different green houses located in Gwangju (Field 1) and Yongin (Field 2). Soil and cabbage samples were collected at different days after soil treatment of tricyclazole with two different concentration levels, respectively. Average recoveries of tricyclazole ranged from 83.5 to 92.1% in soil and cabbage and the variation coefficient was 1.3-6.8%. The initial concentrations of tricyclazole in field 1 soil were 4.25 and 8.97 mg/kg and decreased to 2.48 and 4.26 mg/kg at 43 DAT (day after treatment) and 0.88 and 2.02 mg/kg and decreased to 0.43 and 0.98 mg/kg at 36 DAT in field 2, respectively. The half-life of tricyclazole was about 39.6 and 28.1 days for the low and high concentration of tricyclazole treated soils in field 1 and 27.9 and 17.2 days for the low and high concentration of tricyclazole treated soils in field 2, respectively. Residual levels of tricyclazole in Korean cabbage were ranged from 4.03 to 18.26 and from 8.26 to 35.08% of initial concentration in filed 1 and field 2 soils, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.639-643
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• 2009

High temperature stress might affect the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. In order to develop cultivars resistant to high temperature stress, we developed polymorphic DNA markers for trehalose synthesis genes related to abiotic stress resistance. A total of 28 Brassica rapa ESTs homologous to trehalose synthesis genes of Arabidopsis were found from the NCBI database. The polymorphic DNA sequences were searched between Chinese cabbages - Chiifu, which is relatively susceptible to high temperature stress, and Kenshin, which is tolerant to high temperature stress. Among the 28 ESTs, we found 10 ESTs that have either insertion/deletion and/or single nucleotide polymorphism between the two cultivars. Those polymorphic sites were then targeted for the development of 10 PCR based markers. These molecular markers related to trehalose genes could be used not only to test their relationship with abiotic stress resistance in Chinese cabbage, but also the development of abiotic stress resistant cultivars using MAS.