• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.333-342
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to define the toxic effects of phenanthrene (PAHs) on the fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates in the two species of sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Mesocentrotus nudus). The sperm and fertilized eggs of both sea urchin species were exposed to serial dilutions of phenanthrene for 10 min and 48 hours, respectively. The fertilization rate and normal embryogenesis rate of H. pulcherrimus and M. nudus were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC₅₀ for the fertilization rate of H. pulcherrimus and M. nudus was 17.48 mg L^-1 and 16.21 mg L^-1, and the EC₅₀ for the normal embryogenesis rate was 2.99 mg L^-1 and 0.36 mg L^-1, respectively. Between the two species, H. pulcherrimus was more sensitive to phenanthrene exposure, and 48 h normal embryogenesis was the more sensitive endpoint. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that the exposure of both sea urchin species to phenanthrene caused alterations in egg fertilization and the early developmental stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
• /
• 1998.07a
• /
• pp.36-38
• /
• 1998

생쥐 자궁의 조직세포는 생식주기와 초기 임신시기동안 $\beta$ -galactosidase mRNA를 지속적으로 발현하며, 이로부터 합성 및 분비되는 $\beta$ -galactosidase 단백질의 발현과 활성은 자궁의 조직추출액에서는 생식주기 중 proestrus시기에, 자궁내액에서는 diestrus시기에 가장 높게 나타났고 임신 1일째부터 4일째의 기간동안에는 임신이 진행될수록 점점 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 $\beta$ -galactosidase는 생쥐의 생식 활동 즉, 생식 주기동안의 자궁 조직세포의 분화와 임신 초기 배아의 자궁 내막에의 착상에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 1977

Mexican axolotl(Ambystoma mexicanum)의 생활사, 기원, 실험실내에서의 유지 및 교배방법 등을 소개한다. 이 종은 난자형성과 발생의 연구면에서 몇가지 대단히 유리한 점을 가지고 있다. 즉 큰 염색체를 가진 대형의 난자를 보유하고 있는 점, 난자가 수란관을 통과하는 동안 총배설강내에서 수정하는 점, 초기 배아의 실험발생학, 세포학 및 생화학적 연구에 쉽사리 이용할 수 있다는 점과, 무엇보다도 난자형성과 배발생동안의 여러 가지 중요한 기능에 영향을 미치는 30여개 이상의 유전자를 이용하여 유전자조절현상을 밝혀낼 수 있다는 점이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2009

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased since in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has started. And because of the possibility of combined pregnancy after IVF-ET, bilateral adnexal area and other portion of pelvis should be examined carefully by transvaginal ultrasonography during follow-up period. The rate of combined pregnancy after IVF is estimated to be as high as 0.2~1%. Since the incidence of combined pregnancies is markedly higher with IVF, special attention to this possibility after ET is warranted. According to a recent report, the occurrence of interstitial pregnancy is estimated to be 1:3600 for all pregnancies achieved with IVF. The prevalence of interstitial pregnancies is 2~4% of ectopic pregnancies. Interstitial pregnancies tend to be diagnosed later than most other ectopic pregnancies, and if uterine rupture occurs, the resulting hemorrhage can be severe. Currently, about 2% to 3% of interstitial pregnancies are thought to carry a maternal death, which is twice that of other tubal gestations. We report a case of simultaneous left tubal and right interstitial pregnancies after IVF-ET with a brief review of literature.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2015

Various adverse effects can occur due to direct exposure from toxic substances when toxic materials are used to restore river ecosystems. Thus, this study performed analysis on the development of toxicity in terms of survival and abnormality rates using embryos of Bombina orientalis living in Korea to analyze the toxicity of materials used in the river projects. The results showed that the toxicity in cement (C group) was the strongest whereas the toxicity in plant-based polyurethane (P1 group) was the weakest. Survival rates of B. orientalis embryos were 100%, 94 - 95%, 66 - 89% and 0% in control, P1, polyurethane (P2) and C groups, respectively. Abnormalities of embryos were 10.5%, 5.3 - 10.5%, 26.3 - 27.8% and 35.7% in control, P1, P2 and C groups, respectively. Furthermore, we verified that having a sufficient curing time reduced toxic substances that were extracted. The above result suggest that cement and polyurethane hamper the early development of amphibians. In conclusion, it is highly important to review biological safety with respect to the selection of materials used to restore rivers. This study shows the importance of the selection of eco-friendly materials and processes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2020

Toxic assessment of antifouling agents (diuron and irgarol) was conducted using the fertilization and the normal embryogenesis rates of the sea urchin, Mesocentrotus nudus. Bioassessment began with male and female reproductive cell induction. White or cream-colored male gametes(sperm) and yellow or orange-colored female gametes (eggs) were acquired and fully washed, separately. Then, the fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were measured after 10 min and 48 h of exposure to the toxicants, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates were greater than 90% in the control, validating the suitability of both endpoints. The normal embryogenesis rates were significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of diuron and irgarol, but no changes in the fertilization rates were observed in concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg L^-1. The EC₅₀ values of diuron and irgarol for the normal embryogenesis rates were 20.07 mg L^-1 and 22.45 mg L^-1, respectively. The no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) were <1.25 mg L^-1 and the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) were 1.25 mg L^-1 and 2.5 mg L^-1, respectively. From these results, concentrations of diuron and irgarol over 1.25 mg L^-1 and 2.5 mg L^-1, respectively, can be considered to have toxic effects on invertebrates, including M. nudus. The ecotoxicological bioassay in this study using the noted fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates of M. nudus can be used as baseline data for the continued establishment of environmental quality standards for the effects of antifouling agents(especially diuron and irgarol) in a marine environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2020

In this experiment, investigated toxicity evaluation of chemicals using Asian toad embryos, along FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans embryo incubated and investigation of Benomyl(Germicide), Carbofuran(Insecticide) and Thiobencarb(Herbicide) effect by probit analysis. As a result, depends on the concentrations of Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb, along mortality and malformation rates were increases and larval body length were decreased. The teratogenic concentration(EC₅₀) of Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb were 1.03, 8.74, 4.98mg/ℓ, respectively. And when exposed to Benomyl, larvae responded most sensitively to malformations. Embryo lethal concentration (LC₅₀) Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb were 7.26, 560.72, 16.87mg/ℓ, respectively. And Benomyl were at the lowest concentration of lethal the embryos. The teratogenic index(TI) were 7.05 in Benomyl, 64.16 in Carbofuran and 3.39 in Thiobencarb, thus TI values were above 1.5, which is the criterion of teratogenicity. Three of the pesticides used in this study were considered to be a teratogenic substances and Carbofuran was the most potent teratogen. And more specific researches are needed to investigate the effects of pesticides on the embryo development of toads and amphibians and their mechanism.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2010

In order to maximize the growth of Bifidobacterium lactis BL 740 and soy isoflavone agycones production, we investigated the optimization of a culture medium containing soy hypocotyls, which are the byproducts of the soy manufacturing process, and soy proteins. The ingredients of the medium containing soy materials (S-medium) were selected by fractional factorial design (FFD) and central composite design (CCD) within a desirable range. The FFD was applied by six factors: glucose, cellobiose, fructooligosaccharide, soy peptone, soy protein, and soy hypocotyl. Soy protein, soy peptone, and soy hypocotyl were found to be significant factors from the result of FFD for both the growth of B. lactis BL 740 and aglycone production. The CCD was then applied with three variables found from FFD at five levels each and the optimum values were determined for the three variables: soy peptone, soy protein, and soy hypocotyl. In the case of the growth of B. lactics BL740, the proposed optimal media contained 12.73 g/L of soy protein, 29.55 g/L of soy peptone, and 130.67 g/L of soy hypocotyl. To produce isoflavone aglycones, optimized media was composed of 2.06 g/L, soy protein, 1.25 g/L of soy peptone, and 60.02 g/L of soy hypocotyl.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 1988

A retrospective study was performed on 15 patients with suprasellar germ cell tumors treated by megavoltage external beam irradiation between Feb. 1979 and Dec. 1985. Follow-up period of survivors was 30 to 91 months. Histologic diagnosis was obtained before radiation therapy in 10patients (9 germinomas and 1 mixed). Five patients were treated without histologic verification. In 9 patients with biopsy-proven germinomas radiation therapy was delivered to the craniospinal axis in 6, to the whole brain in 3. In 5 patients with mixed germ cell tumor or elevated tumor marker, irradiation was delievered to the craniospinal axis in 2, to the whole brain in 2, and to the primary site only in 1. Total doses ranged from 5,000 to 5,500 cGy to the primary site, 3,000 to 4,400 cGy to the whole brain, and 1,300 to 3,000 cGy to the spine. In these 14, local tumor was controlled and primary or spinal failure was not observed. One patient without elevated tumor marker was treated to the whole brain. The tumor was not controlled and he had spinal recurrence. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were $86\%$ at 5 year. It is proven that radiation therapy is an effective treatment for suprasellar germ cell tumors. The neuroendocrinologic presentation, tumor marker status, early response to radiation measured on CT seem to be useful means for selecting patients for radiation therapy when tissue diagnosis is not available.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 2004

The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus(FETAX) protocol was recently adopted as a valuable tool fur evaluating chemical toxicity and the effect of environmental contaminants in frogs. In this study, the teratogenecity of NiCl$_2$, Carbofuran, Diazinon were determined in the Korean frog, Rana dybowskii using the FETAX protocol. The mortality rate and the percentage of malformed larvae were investigated by probit analysis, The teratogenic concentrations(EC$_{50}$) of NiCl$_2$, Carbofuran and Diazinon were 0.4 and 1.6 and 1.9 mg/1. The embryolethal concentrations(LC$_{50}$) of NiCl$_2$, Carbofuran and Diazinon were 17.6 and 41.5 and 20.2mg/1. The teratogenic indices (TI=LC$_{50}$/EC$_{50}$) were 43.8 for NiCl$_2$, 26.0 for Carbofuran and 10.6 for Diazinon. NiCl$_2$, Carbofuran and Diazinon were shown to be potent teratogens for Rana dybowskii embryo, causing concentration related increase of edema, tail and abdomen. The study results reveal that NiCl$_2$, Carbofuran and Diazinon suppress the development of embryos at relatively low concentrations. Therefore, the Rana dybowskii embryo teratogenesis assay system was proven to be a useful tool to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants.lutants.