• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

It has been continuously noted that many sewage treatment concrete structures have deteriorated due to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. There have been many reports on approaches to protecting concrete from this bacteria corrosion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibition of growth of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium by a antifungal agent such as $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$, and the characteristics of polymer cement mortar using nickel type antifungal agent. First, we developed antifungal agents using metal nickel and $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ to inhibit the growth of thiobacillus novellus, which is the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in concrete. Then, ordinary cement mortar and polymer cement mortar using nickel type antifungal agent with various polymer-cement ratios, and antifungal agent content were prepared, and were tested for the antifungal adding effect, compressive and flexural strengths, expansion and leaching of nickel ion. From the test results, it was confirmed that the adding of an antifungal agent has an inhibition effect on the growth of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at antifungal agent contents of 20 mM or more. In addition, the strengths and expansion of polymer cement mortars are not significantly changed by the addition of an antifungal agent. Therefore, the nickel-type antifungal agent developed in this study can be used to improve the durability of reinforced concrete hume pipe in the construction industry.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

The National Museum of Korea has a collection of various materials. In particular, items made from organic materials such as wood, paper, and leather are vulnerable to the influence of insects and germs, requiring fumigation as well as pesticides and bactericides. The influence of pesticides and bactericides on the change in dyed paper was examined by applying the oddy test used to confirm the toxicity of various materials used in museums. Results revealed that the products of B and H companies had the least influence on the change in dyed paper. On the other hand, the result of the examination of cochineal and curcuma dyed paper revealed a significant change in the control group compared to the one exposed together with dyed paper, probably because of humidity rather than the sample.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.10-12
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2008

본 연구는 농촌 청소년 공부방을 대상으로 조명환경 실태조사를 실시한 것이다. 그 결과, 공부방의 평균 공간의 크기는 11.42[$m^2$]이며, 주로 광원은 형광등을 사용하였으며 조명사용방법은 전반조명만 이용하는 경우가 73.8[%]이며, 배광방식은 직접조명방식을 주로 사용하고 있었다. 또한 스탠드를 소유하고 있는 가구는 45.7[%]이었으며, 국부조명인 스탠드를 사용하는 비율은 전체 조사대상의 20[%]에 지나지 않아 시작업이 효과적이지 못하였다. 내부공간 조도는 평균 131.82[lx]이며, 책상면 조도는 253.64[lx]로 최저허용조도의 42.3[%]에 해당하는 열악한 실정이었으며, 균제도는 평균 35.61[%]로 나타났다. 또한 사용자의 조명환경에 비해 만족도는 3.93점으로 �F아 조명에 대한 인식이 매우 부족한 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.65-67
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• 2014

There are many elastomeric joint sealant applications in construction such as structural glazing, weatherproofing and insulating glass fabrication etc. Each sealant joints require unique durability functions to perform well through building life cycle. Elastomeric joints in bathroom and kitchen is one of areas which require durable sealing. In this application, anti fungal durability is proprietary function of sealant during building life cycle. Premature failure of anti fungus resistance of sealant is putting big stresses to general contractor as well as the inhabitants due to costly rework and poor sanitation. Accordingly, when chemists design a product, they must take into account various parameters not only formulation components also test conditions in order to have long term fungal durability. This paper reviews several biocide options with various industry standards for fungus resistance performance to suggest making new test method for construction sealant industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This study investigated the actual conditions of the illumination environment from agricultural youth study room. The result, average space of the study room was 11.42[$m^2$]. The illuminant uses the fluorescent lamp mainly, Method of using illumination was only general illumination the case which uses 73.8[%]. Method of light distribution was a direct lighting mainly. The house which has a stand illumination was also 45.7[%], The percentage using the stand illumination which was a local illumination was nothing but in 20[%] of the whole subject of investigation, therefore eye work could not effective. The internal illuminance was average 131.82[lx], the desk illuminance was 253.64[lx] which was the minimum permitted limit and poor. Uniformity ratio of illuminance appeared with average 35.61[%]. The satisfaction with 3.93 points to be high for illumination environment, therefore it was thought that the recognition of illumination was very insufficient.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 2000

This study was to develop an effective itraconazole liquid preparation which exhibits an enhanced bioavailability. The solubility of itraconazole was increased (72-fold) in itraconazole liquid preparation as compared with itraconazole powder. The dissolution rate of itraconazole was higher for itraconazole liquid preparation filled into a hard gelatin capsule with 90% release within 20 min as compared to 55% for $Sporanox^{\circledR}$capsules. The oral absorption of itraconazole liquid preparation and $Sporanox^{\circledR}$tablets were studied in the rat. The area under the concentration-time curve $(AUC_{0-24hr})$ of itraconazole liquid preparation ($90.25\;{\pm}\;8.36\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$) increased by 6.2 times compared to that of Sporanox tablets ($14.58\;{\pm}\;1.26\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$) after oral administration of itraconazole 15 mg/rat each. $C_{max}$ also increased to $6.87\;{\pm}\;1.15\;{\mu}g/ml$ after administration of liquid preparation $1.58\;{\pm}\;0.16\;{\mu}g/ml$ of $Sporanox^{\circledR}$tablets. These results indicate that in vivo bioavailability of itraconazole liquid preparation was significantly enhanced as compared with $Sporanox^{\circledR}$tablets.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.348-353
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• 1997

Ether extract of Cinnamomi Cortex showing antifungal activity was purified and characterized. The active component from the extract was identified to be trans-cinnamaldehyde, which was effective in inhibiting the growth of the representative fungi of dermatomycosis with minimum inhibitory concentration of $39{\sim}78\;{\mu}g/ml$. The antifungal spectrum of trans-cinnamaldehyde was broader than that of commercial antifungal agent, Ketoconazole.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

Antifungal activities of cinnamaldehyde derivatives against various fungi were investigated using paper disc diffusion method. Among the derivatives tested, ${\alpha}-chlorocinnamaldehyde$ was stronger than cinnamaldehyde in antifungal activity and was effective in inhibiting the growth of the representative fungi of dermatomycosis with minimum inhibitory concentration of $9.76{\sim}19.5\;{\mu}g/ml$. A comparison of antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde derivatives revealed that antifungal action of cinnamaldehyde might be related to a basic structure of acrolein.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

Purpose : Fungal infection is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. Amphotericin B(ABV) and itraconazole(ITZA) have been used as the standard empirical antifungal therapy in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia who have persistent fever that does not respond to antibiotic therapy. ABV is an antifungal drug associated with side effects such as fever and chills, symptoms which may be mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$). We assessed modulation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-4, IL-1Ra) by ABV and ITZA. Methods : From March 2004 to February 2005, a total of 30 episodes from acute leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia were analyzed for this study. They were randomly allocated to receive intravenous ABV or ITZA for 14 days. Clinical responses were evaluated at the completion of therapy, and cytokine IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, and IL-1Ra were measured for determination to know the correlation between two antifungal agents and inflammatory cytokines. Results : Empirical antifungal agents were given to 37 patients(ABV 20, ITZA 17), and 30 patients(ABV 15, ITZA 15) were evaluable for efficacy. White blood cell and absolute neutrophil count in the group treated with ITZA increased early days of treatment, so the duration of neutropenia in ITZA group is shorter. Serum creatinine level is lower in ITZA group than in ABV group but this is not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in response rate between two groups. The IL-$1{\beta}$ was increased in ABV treatment group and the ratio of IL-1Ra/IL-$1{\beta}$ is markedly decreased in ABV treatment group while increased in ITZA group. Conclusion : ITZA and ABV have at least equivalent efficacy as empirical antifungal therapy in neutropenic children with acute leukemia. However ITZA is associated with significantly less toxicity in clinical and molecular aspects.