• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2008

We investigated the reduction of pollutants such as TOC (total organic carbon) and decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by photocatalytic oxidation. The optimal values of major parameters for the reaction were obtained including the concentration of RB5, the amount of $TiO_2$ dosage and pH of solution. The values were 100 mg/L, 2 g/L and 4.9, respectively. As the concentration of oxygen increased, removal rate of pollutants increased. After $TiO_2$ was regenerated and used again by micro filtration (MF) ceramic membrane, the removal efficiency of color and removal rate of pollutants did not decrease significantly.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2003

백색 LED를 실현하는 방법의 하나로 UV LED와 적, 녹, 청의 3색 형광체를 이용하는 방법이 주목받고 있다. 이것은 연색성과 색온도 제어 특성이 뛰어나다. 그러나 기존의 형광체는 단파장, 약 250nm 전후, 에서 여기되는 특성을 갖고 있기 때문에 near UV(nUV), 약 380-410nm, 의 LED에 응용하기에는 발광특성에 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 연구에서는 nUV 여기가 가능한 strontium aluminate를 flux를 이용한 고상반응법으로 합성하고 발광 특성을 분석하였다. SrO와 A1$_2$ $O_3$의 조합비와 반응조건에 따라서 SrA1$_2$ $O_4$ 흑은 Sr$_4$Al$_{14}$ $O_{25}$ 가 합성되었고, 이들은 도핑과 함께 각각 약 520nm에서의 녹색발광과 약 480nm에서의 청녹색 발광 특성을 보이고 있었다. 도펀트로는 Eu, Dy, Ce, Pr 등이 단독 혹은 혼합되어 첨가되었고, 종류와 양에 따라서 발광 파장의 이동이 관찰 되었고, 강도도 이것에 크게 의존하고 있었다. 또한 발광강도는 여기 파장에도 의존하고 있었으며, 약 350-390nm의 nUV에서 가장 높은 발광강도가 관찰되었다.다.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

탄소 섬유란 높은 강도, 높은 탄성률 등을 갖고 잇는 소재로서, 복합 재료에 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 스포츠 용품에 대해서도 장식성이 필요한 시대가 되어서 탄소 섬유도 착색할 필요가 있게 되었다. 일반 의류용 섬유를 염색할 때 염료가 섬유를 구성하는 분자에 단분자상으로 흡착한다. 섬유란 사실상 투명하기 때문에 빛이 섬유 내부에 흡착된 염료까지 도달하고, 염료는 빛을 흡수하여 발색한다. 그러나 탄소 섬유의 색은 검고, 빛이 섬유 내부까지 미치지 못하기 때문에 만약 탄소 섬유에 염료를 흡착시키더라도 염료는 발색하지 않게 된다. 한편 검은 탄소 섬유를 표백해서 백색으로 만들기 위해 예를 들어 불소와 반응시키면 검은 탄소 섬유가 백색이 되기는 하지만, 이 불소와 반응한 탄소섬유는 대단히 부서지기 쉬워서, 섬유로 사용할 수 없게 된다. 따라서 탄소섬유는 검은 색 그대로 착색시키지 않으면 안된다. 즉 탄소 섬유는 섬유의 표면에 도료와 같은 색소 층을 붙여서 착색하게 된다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 1970

The identification methods for tropane alkaloids so far known were limited on tropic acid esters such as atropine and was unable to detect mandelic acid esters such as homatropine. The present method employing thin-layer chromatography was able to detect violet coloration developed with any of them by Vitali-reaction. It was established that this violet coloration is due to the mesomerization of carb-anion in the alkaline solution.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.629-638
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• 1997

Background : Surgical intervention is known as the principle management for hemoptysis of significant amount. But surgical procedure is applicable to only small number of patients because of increased mortality in emergency surgery and various functional and structural problems after lung resection. Bronchial artery embolization(BAE) has been used as an alternative interventional technique for immediate control of patients with increased risk for surgery due to recurrent or massive hemoptysis. BAE also has limitations such as recurrent bleeding after procedure and its role for the application to small amount of hemoptysis is still not established. Method : To evaluate immediate and long term effectiveness of BAE, we analysed 65 patients with hemoptysis according to therapeutic modalities they received ; BAE versus conservative management. Results : The success rate for immediate control of hemoptysis was significantly higher in BAE group with 43 cases(100%) among 43 cases compared with 17 cases(77%) among 22 cases in conservative group (p < 0.001). The disease control duration was $19.5{\pm}8.06$ months in BAE group and $18.8{\pm}6.06$ months in conservative group(p > 0.05). The therapeutic response in BAE group was 82%(36/43 cases) and 95%(21/22 cases) in conservative group (p > 0.05). According to the amount of hemoptysis, the therapeutic response were seen in 91%(29/32 cases) in less than 100ml and 85%(28/33 cases) in 100~400ml (p > 0.05). According to the manifestation of hemoptysis, the therapeutic response in groups of recurrent and nonrecurent were 87%(20/23 cases) and 88%(37/42 cases)(p > 0.05). Conclusion : The difference of therapeutic response between BAE and conservative group in patients with small amounts of hemoptysis was not found except for immediate control of hemoptysis.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

The photocatalytic degradation of livestock wastewater has been investigated over $TiO_2$ photocatalysts irradiated with a ultraviolet (UV) light. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., distance, reaction area, concentration of suspended solids(SS), and column diameter on the degradation of livestock wastewater has been performed in lab-scale. The optimal conditions for livestock wastewater were determined: distance was 3 cm (less than 7 cm), reaction area was $3.6\;m^2$, SS concentration was 40 mg/L (less than 300 mg/L) and column diameter was 5 mm (less than 10 mm). Under the optimal conditions, COD, color and coliform removal efficiencies were approximately 49%, 53% and 100%, respectively. Non-biodegradable COD removal efficiency increased with 57% using by photocatalysis process. Therefore, it is shown that photocatalysis has an effect on degradation of non-biodegradable organic matter.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.27-31
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• 2000

Preferences on the change of color and aroma of soybean sprout was surveyed. Negative response of 'bad' or 'very bad' on pink (72%), red (60%), and green (44%) coloring was obtained. However, yellow coloring showed about 55% of positive response of 'good' or 'very good'. Thus yellow is the only color which received highly positive response among altered-color soybean sprouts. Significantly different result was observed when various aroma was added to soybean sprout. 80% of peanut scent-added soybean sprout and 76% of melon scent-added soybean sprout received positive response of 'good' or 'very good' while only 20% of the response was negative. In conclusion, altering color to yellow and addition of peanut scent or melon scent could increase the general preference of soybean sprout.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 1999

연구배경 및 목적 : 시각 인지 과정은 영장류 실험을 통하여 다소 정보를 얻을 수 있었으나 인간에서는 아직 완전하게 이해되지 않고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 뇌자극과 시가유발전위 검사를 토대로 인간의 시각피질의 기능적 분화와 시간 순으로 활성화되는 양상을 보고자 한 것이다. 연구방법 : 간질 수술을 위하여 후두엽과 인접 부위에 광범위하게 피질하전극을 넣은 22명의 환자를 대상으로 전기적 뇌자극과 시각유발전위 검사를 시행하였다. 뇌자극시 나타나는 반응은 형태, 색, 및 움직임의 세 가지로 크게 나누고 형태는 다시 단순, 중간 및 복잡한 형태로 세분하였다. 시각유발전위는 P1 혹은 IV파의 latency를 측정하였다. 결과 : 단순 혹은 중간 형태는 흔히 occipital pole과 striate cortex에서 발생하였다. 색반응은 후두엽의 기저부 즉, fusiform, lingual, inferior occipital gyri를 자극할 때 관찰되었다. 움직임 반응은 내측기저부 및 외측의 측후두엽 혹은 측두정후두부의 경계부에서 주로 나타났다. 결론 : 이러한 결과는 인간의 시각피질이 시각의 여러 가지 구성성분 즉, 형태, 색, 및 움직임에 대해서 각각 별도로 분화되어 있다는 것을 보여준다. 도한 시각자극이 전해지면 striate cortex와 occipital pole이 가장 먼저 활성화되고 이어서 내측 및 외측 후두엽 부위가 활성화된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 사실을 종합하여 보면 인간의 시각피질은 시각의 여러 구성성분별로 별도로 발달된 해부학적 경로를 통하여 각각의 기능에 대하여 특수하게 분화된 뇌세포에서 시각정보를 각각 분석하되 일정한 시간순서에 의한다는 것을 시사하는 것이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2004

For decolorization of various reactive dyes, 13 species of microbes were isolated from dyeing wastewater collected from Banweol industrial complex, Korea. Two strains among them showed good ability for removing celerity during the decolorization test with 5 different reactive dyes. And the optimal growth conditions were pH 7, 35$^{\circ}C$, yeast extract as nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source, and facultative anaerobic condition. As results, when Reactive Red 180 was used, 89 and 87% of decolorization efficiency were able to be obtained by using Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus, respectively. Especially, Bacillus cereus showed good ability for decolorization of Reactive Blue 21, and the ratio was 76% Finally, it was considered that these two strains isolated in this study will be showed high decolorization ability to treat dyeing wastewater.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1128-1141
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• 2009

Graphical expressions are continuously improving, spurred by the astonishing growth of the game technology industry. Despite such improvements, users are still demanding a more natural gaming environment and true reflections of human emotions. In real life, people can read a person's moods from facial color and expression. Hence, interactive facial colors in game characters provide a deeper level of reality. In this paper we propose a facial color adaptive technique, which is a combination of an emotional model based on human emotion theory, emotional expression pattern using colors of animation contents, and emotional reaction speed function based on human personality theory, as opposed to past methods that expressed emotion through blood flow, pulse, or skin temperature. Experiments show this of expression of the Facial Color Model based on facial color adoptive technique and expression of the animation contents is effective in conveying character emotions. Moreover, the proposed Facial Color Adaptive Technique can be applied not only to 2D games, but to 3D games as well.