• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2016

North Korea(NK) has designated the special economic zones(SEZs) since the first one in Rason. But, why have the SEZs in NK still not been developed successfully? This study comparatively evaluated the SEZs in China, Vietnam and NK, with respect to 'context/purpose', 'development/management system', and 'location/infrastructure.' NK's strategies for the SEZs were different from those of China and Vietnam in terms of historical context and development purpose. China and Vietnam chose the market opening policy aiming to reform their national economy, while NK tried the opening policy without the economic reform. This difference made NK's decentralization and location strategies marginal. In spite of the positive land system and tax benefit of NK, the strategies couldn't make a successful result. The implications of this comparative study are as follows. Firstly, NK needs to establish a strategy for the SEZs in accord with the comprehensive and long-term plan for economic development and 'trustworthy and substantial market-systems' being compatible with outside world. For that, NK has to secure the regime stability in political and diplomatic dimensions. Secondly, NK has to carry out policies of decentralization and location of the SEZs more positively. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem related to lack of infrastructure capital, NK needs to utilize a BOT scheme.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2018

The purpose of the study is to show the possibility of the enlargement of land banking types through employment of the French land bank case. For sustainable urban regeneration projects, it is necessary to improve the land banking system with comprehensive land banking types. There are a total of 35 land banking agencies in France, which are made according to the needs of the municipality. The main function of these institutions is to perform functions such as land acquisition, management, division, land maintenance(decontamination, etc.), land use plan review and so on. In the 1960s and 1970s, mainly purchase and maintenance of land mainly focused on Brownfield and idle land, but since 2000 the land purchase business is mainly for the supply of social rental housing which is missing It was. The use of land banks is most frequently mentioned as a way of how to supply land at a low price in urban renewal projects. To that end, it is necessary to revise related laws, even if the law is revised so that land for urban regeneration projects can be secured, due to the limit of financial resources, land for the urban regeneration project nationwide secured It will not be easy without policy judgment of a positive nation. Therefore, securing land reserve resources for urban regeneration projects utilizing residential district funds and municipal maintenance funds is essential. In addition, even on a small scale, it is necessary to consider the banking of land for regional capitalization at the local government level.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.34-51
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• 2020

In order to clarify the lime-based building method used in the Joseon Dynasty, lime materials, production techniques, and mixing methods recorded in ancient literature were examined. In ancient Joseon Dynasty literature, the use of low grade limestone as a raw material was recorded, and the use of pozzolanic materials such as Hwangtoh, white clay, and roof tile powder as mixing aids to enhance the strength of lime was recorded. In addition, various lime hydration and mixing methods were recorded, and based on re-experiments carried out with regards to this, a physical property evaluation was deemed to be required in accordance with the various types of raw lime materials, lime hydration methods, and mixture ratios. In the early Joseon Dynasty, lime was used for various aspects, but frequent problems were experienced due to lack of supply and poor production techniques. In the late Joseon Dynasty, lime production techniques developed along with mass production. Based on analysis of the manufacturing techniques of Hoegwagmyo lime mortar in the 16^th and 18^th centuries during the Joseon Dynasty, it was found that mixing ratios and the methods described in the ancient literature had been applied. It was confirmed that the mixing ratio differed depending on mixing materials and lime quality. Since the mixing ratio of Hoegwagmyo lime mortar changed over time and it was produced strictly on the basis of a guidebook, it is believed that if continuous scientific analysis of the Hoegwagmyo lime mortar production method were carried out, this would be helpful for ascertaining the chronological methodology of Hoegwagmyo.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.200-211
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• 2019

This study analyzed the factors related to the job satisfaction and turnover rate of students in the skin care contract department, and suggested ways to enhance long-term employee retention. Frequency analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS statistical program and based on the survey data of 260 skin care contract students. The main results were as follows. First, contract students had high job satisfaction because of sufficient in-service training during the internship and also received the authority to perform the job duties of their positions. Second, the regular technical education for the job of contract students gave them confidence in job performance and job confidence, which led to long-term employee retention. Third, contractual students' turnover was reduced by applying compensation such as incentives, awards, and promotion opportunities in accordance with their work performance. Therefore, the results of the study suggest that compensation based on job performance, and the confidence in job performance of skin care contract students, can lead to increased job satisfaction, a reduced turnover rate and better long-term employee retention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Today, due to the environmental regulations regarding air pollution in the EU, the use of EPS (Styrofoam) as the cushioning material in the packaging industry is decreasing. In effect, air cushioning based cushioning materials are rapidly expanding into the market and replacing EPS, due to their excellent buffering ability and environmental friendliness. This is a new selective filling type air filling material manufacturing technology that affords improvements in the amount of raw materials required, its processing and its aesthetic appearance compared to the conventional air filling cushioning materials. In this study, a multi-stage air cell filling valve molding technology is developed based on selective filling technology, which allows packages to be selectively filled in various forms by applying valve forming structure technology. This multi-stage air cell filling valve molding technology is a technique in which a plurality of injection ports are formed by laminating three layers of films, viz. a first injection film, a valve film, and a second injection film having valve ends. In the conventional technology, a separate external air injection path for injecting air into a plurality of connected air bags is needed. However, in the proposed system, an external air injection path is formed inside the air bag, Due to the lack of need for an injection furnace, the raw material and process are reduced and air is injected and then discharged, while the air bag is reduced in length to 63 ~ 66% of its normal value. The outer surface of the outer air injection path is integrated inside by maintaining the original length of the cross section, while the unnecessary folded air is injected into the interior of the air bag, This smart air filling type cushioning material manufacturing technology constitutes a big improvement over the existing technologies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.166-173
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of workplace bullying and social support on turnover intention of nurses. The data included 133 nurses who worked in general hospitals in Chungchungbukdo. Data were collected from 1 November, 2016 to 25 December using self-report, structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS 20.0. The results showed that the effects of workplace bullying and social support on turnover intention averaged 1.46 (out of 4), 3.55 (out of 5) and 3.30 (out of 5). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between workplace bullying and turnover intention (r=0.218, p=0.012) and negative correlations between social support and turnover intention (r=-0.363, p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of turnover intension were education (${\beta}=-0.268$, p<0.009), total clinical experience (${\beta}=0.706$, p<0.001), and workplace bullying (${\beta}=0.183$, p<0.036). Based on these results, it is necessary to recognize the importance of workplace bullying and develop and adapt programs to reduce workplace bullying in order to decrease turnover intention among nurses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.1 s.158
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• pp.39-44
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• 2005

An effective micropropagation system for Liriodendron tulipifera L via somatic embryogenesis was established using immature seeds. Immature seeds from five individual trees were bisected longitudinally and cultured on two basal media (MS and B5) containing different combinations of 2,4-D and TDZ to induce callus and embryogenic tissue under light ($40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, 16 hr/day) or complete darkness at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. There was no distinctive difference on callus and embryogenic tissue induction between the two basal media with PGRs. Optimum culture medium appeared to be MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L 2,4-D and 0.01mg/L TDZ plus 3% sucrose. Nonembryogenic callus induction rate was not significantly different among the genotypes. However, However, the embryogenic callus induction frequency differed greatly by the genotypes ranging from 55% to 72% when cultured in the dark. Generally, the cultures maintained in the dark tended to show normal somatic embryo development as well as embryogenic tissue formation and this was confirmed by histological examination. Above results suggest that a proper selection of mother tree and dark culture condition are necessary to optimize somatic embryogenesis system of Liriodendron tulipifera.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate stability of Korean Paper(Hanji) which is being sold in the Korean markets according to aging treatment. In order to know the aging characteristics, the optical and mechanical properties of before and after wet and dry-heat aging treatment were examined. The optical and mechanical properties were shown higher reduction in the dry-heat aging treatment compared to the wet-heat aging treatment. The Soonji (pure mulberry Hanji) made from black mulberry bast pulp was shown a great reduction of the brightness and whiteness, and increase of the opacity in the aging treatment. On the other hand, in case of mechanical properties, the breaking length of Soonji made from white mulberry bast pulp was significantly higher than that of the others, and the tensile strength was shown drastic reduction in according to Soonji made from black mulberry bast pulp in the aging treatment. The burst strength of Soonji made from black and white mulberry bast pulp was shown the similar value in the wet-heat aging treatment. The folding endurance of Soonji made from white mulberry bast pulp was significantly higher than that of others before and after aging treatment. Consequently, Hanji was affected sensitive in the temperature compared to the humidity. Meanwhile, the density and color of the chinese ink was no significant changes before and after wet and dry-heat aging treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to determine the rice quality between slowlelease fertilizer(SRF) and conventional fertilizer (CF) with the amount of 100% and 80% under direct seeding on dry paddy field, respectively. In rice quality, the percentage of matured grain and immatured grain was higher in CF with machine transplanting than in SRF with direct seeding, and the less amount of fertilizer applied, the lower percentage of immatured grain was obtained. The percentage of carbohydrate showed the difference between CF and SRF, and higher at the level of 100% applicated than that of 80% application. The contents of fat and ash were higher in CF with less fertilizer, and there was no trend to different cultural methods but it was related to the amount of fertilizer in amylose content. The nitrogen and sodium content of milled rice was high in SRF under machine transplanting as well as direct seeding. Calcium and magnesium content showed high in direct seeding but there was not significantly difference between CF and SRF.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.545-552
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• 1991

A mercury ion-sensitive carbon-paste electrode (CPE) was constructed with l-sparteine. Mercury (II) ion was chemically deposited by the complexation with l-sparteine onto the CPE. The surface of CPEs was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and anodic stripping voltammetry in an acetate buffer solution, separately. Exposure of CPEs to acid solution could regenerate surface and reuse it for deposition. In 5 deposition/measurement/regeneration cycle, the response was reproducible and in licnear up to $2.0\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ M with linear sweep voltammetry. In case of using the differential pulse technique, we have obtained the linear response up to $7.0 {\times}10^{-7}$ M with relative standard deviation of ${\pm}5.1$%. The detection limit was $5.0{\times}10^{-7}$ M for 20 minutes of the deposition. We have investigated the interference effect of various metal ions, which are expected to form the complex with ligand. Silver (I) ion of these has interfered with the analysis of Hg (II) ions. However, pretreatment of the silver (I) ion with potassium chloride led to no interference on the analysis of mercury ions in aqueous solution.