• Title/Summary/Keyword: 미세핵 분석법

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The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay as a biological dosimeter in irradiated lymphocyte : Comparison of the response of mouse and human (임파구의 미세핵 분석법을 이용한 생물학적 방사선 피폭선량 측정 : 마우스와 인체에서의 반응비교)

  • Kim, Sung-ho;Cho, Chul-koo;Kim, Tae-hwan;Yoo, Seong-yul;Koh, Kyoung-hwan;Yun, Hyong-geun;Koh, Joo-hwan;Choi, Soo-yong
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.487-492
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    • 1993
  • 정상인 말초혈액임파구 및 C57BL/6마우스 비장임파구에 $^{60}Co{\gamma}-rays$를 in vitro상태에서 조사한 후 500개 또는 1000개의 cytokinesis-blocked(CB) lymphocytes의 미세핵(micronuclei)의 발생빈도를 측정하였다. 방사선조사량에 따라 미세핵의 발생빈도는 증가하였으며 linear-quadratic model로 측정한 결과 선량반응곡선의 식은 인체의 경우 $Y=(0.31{\pm}0.049)D+(0.0022{\pm}0.0002)D^2+13.19$($r^2=1.000$)이었으며, 마우스의 경우 $Y=(1.31{\pm}0.264)D+(0.0015{\pm}0.0006)+8.7$($r^2=0.988$)이었다(Y는 1000개의 CB cell 당 미세핵발생빈도, D는 cGy로 표시되는 조사선량). 인체 말초혈액임파구에 대한 마우스 비장임파구의 상대적 생물학적 효과(relative biological effectiveness)는 미세핵의 발생율이 세포당 0.05~0.8의 범위에서 $1.84{\pm}0.48$이었다. 미세핵분석법은 인체 및 동물의 방사선 피폭시 간편하고 빠른 생물학적 선량측정법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

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The Comparison of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Analysis and Tradescantia Micronucleus (Trad-MCN) Bioassay for Evaluation of Hazardous Materials in Chemical Workplace Field (화학공장 실내 작업장에서의 유해물질 평가를 위한 VOC 분석법과 자주달개비 미세핵 분석법의 비교)

  • Heo, Gwi Suk;Lee, Jae Hwan;Shin, Hae Shik;Kim, Jin Kyu;Lee, Young Yup;Lee, Dai Woon;Lee, Jin Hong
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2003
  • This research examined the presence of hazardous materials in chemical workplace field using an integrated chemical/biological monitoring. Chemical workplace field air for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis was collected using a collection tube packed with Tena.x TA adsorbent 400 mg. Workplace field air samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Simultaneously, Tradescantia BNL 4430 clone was exposed in situ to monitor hazardous materials in chemical workplace field. GC/MS analysis showed the presence of various VOCs such as trichloroethylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (m,p,o)-xylenes, styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The results showed that in situ monitoring of VOCs with the Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay gave positive results in chemical workplace field and negative response at outdoor air. In conclusion, inhalation of these field air by workers may affect chronic demage to their health by inducing micronuclei formation in Tradescantia pollen mother cells. The combination of chemical/biological monitoring is very effective to evaluate hazardous materials in workplace field and can be alternatively used for screening hazardous materials.

Adaptive Response Induced by Low Dose Ionizing Radiation in Human Lymphocytes (인체 말초 혈액 림프구에서 저선량 방사선 조사에 의해 유도되는 적응 반응)

  • Kim, Jeong-Hee;Lee, Kyung-Jong;Cho, Chul-Koo;Yoo, Seong-Yul;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Kim, Sung-Ho
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 1995
  • Adaptive response induced by low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation in human peripheral lymphocytes was examimed. Human lymphocytes were exposured to low dose of ${\gamma}-ray$ (priming dose, 0.01Gy) followed by high dose (challenging dose, 1.5Gy) after various time intervals (4, 7, 20 hours). Frequencies of micronuclei were enumerated in both primed and unprimed groups. Maximum reduction in frequency of micronuclei was observed when challenging dose irradiation was followed by priming dose after 4hr incubation period. When challenging doses were irradiated 7 or 20hr after priming dose, frequencies of micronuclei were reduced slighty. However, these reduction were not statistically significant. In this study, human peripheral lymphocytes were irradiated at Go phase and they showed adaptive response induced by low dose radiation. Since micronucleus assay is relatively simpler and faster than other methods, it may be a good tool for evaluating radiation-induced adaptive responses.

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Comparative Study on Biological Effects of Gamma-Radiation and Bisphenol A with Tradescantia Micronucleus Assay (자주달개비 미세핵 분석법을 이용한 비스페놀 에이 및 감마선의 생물학적 영향 비교 연구)

  • 신해식;송희섭;현성희;이진홍;김진규
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.158-164
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    • 2002
  • Some of synthetic chemicals can net as an endocrine disrupting substance in higher animals. Dioxins, DDT, PCBs and bisphenol A (BPA) are classified into endocrine disruptors and aye under a strict control in many countries. This research was designed to compare the clastogenic effects of BPA to those of ionizng radiation to establish the relaltive effectiveness of BPA by means of Tradescantia micronucleus assay. For the uptake of the BPA through the stems, groups of fresh cuttings of Tradescantia BNL 4430 weve placed in BPA solutions of 0 to 4 $\mu$M for 6 hours under continuous aeration. The other groups of the cuttings were irradiated with 0 to 0.5 Gy of gamma- rays. The frequencies of micronucleus showed a positive dose- response relationship in the range of 0 to 0.5 Gy, and a clear concentration-response relationship in the experimental range of BPA concentrations. By comparing the two experimental results, it is possible to estimate the BPA concentration and its equivalent radiation dose for a fixed value of MCN frequency. BPA of $ll.8\mu{M}$ can give rise to 53.3 MCN/100 tetrads, which is the same frequency induced by 25 cGy of gamma- rays. It is of biological importance that clinical symptoms start to develop after a whole body exposure to radiation higher than 25 cGy. The results indicate that the pollen mother cells are an excellent biological end- point for toxicity test of suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A, cotylphenol and nonylphenol.

Comparative Study on Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and Gamma-radiation with Tradescantia Micronucleus Assay (자주달개비 미세핵 분석법을 이용한 전자파 및 감마선의 생물학적 영향 비교 연구)

  • 김진규;신해식;이진홍
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.463-464
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    • 2003
  • 현대인들은 다양한 전자기기 휴대폰, 컴퓨터, 전자레인지로부터 발생하는 전자파에 뇌를 노출시키고 있다. 전자기기의 전자파는 뇌에 중대한 손상을 가져올 수 있으며, 조기 노화를 초래할 수 있다고 경고하고 있다. 전자파의 실질적인 위험은 뇌가 열을 받는 것이 아니라 비열방사선이라고 널리는 강도가 낮은 방사선이라고 한다. 휴대폰, 컴퓨터의 모니터에서 발생되는 전자파에 장시간 노출로 인한 각종 전자파 유해가 생기고 여러 가지 신경 계통에 대한 장해가 증가하고 있다. 전자파가 인체에 미치는 영향에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 서로 상반되는 연구결과가 많이 나타나고 있다. (중략)

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Occurrence of Nuclear Inclusions in Plant Cells (식물세포 내 핵 함유구조 발달 양상)

  • Kim, In-Sun
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.229-234
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    • 2011
  • The occurrence of nuclear inclusions has been reported in various plant groups from primitive ferns to higher flowering plants. Their presence within a group seems to be randomly distributed without any phylogenetic relationships among species. According to the current survey, nuclear inclusions have been widely documented in more than several hundreds of species from various families of plants. The morphology and internal structures of nuclear inclusions are diverse and at least five types of inclusions develop within plant nuclei; amorphous, crystalline, fibrous, lamellar, and tubular form. Among these types, crystalline inclusions are the ones that are the most frequently reported. The inclusions are not bound by membranes and appear to be related to the nucleoli, either spatially by a close association or by an inverse relationship in size during development. The idea that nuclear inclusions are of a proteinaceous nature has been widely accepted. Further link to nucleolar activity as a protein storing site has also been suggested based on the association between the nucleolus and nuclear inclusions. Various investigations of nuclear inclusions have revealed more information about their structural features, but characterizing their precise function and subunit complexity employing molecular analysis and 3-D reconstruction remains to be elucidated. Tilting and tomography of serial sections with appropriate image processing can provide valuable information on their subunit(s). The present review summarizes discussion about different nuclear inclusions in plants from previous works, giving special attention to their fine, ultrastructural morphology, function, and origin.

Biological Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds from Carpet Materials as Assessed by the Tradescantia Assay (자주달개비 분석법을 이용한 카펫 방출 휘발성 유기화합물의 생물학적 영향 평가)

  • Kim, Jin-Kyu;Shin, Hae-Shick;Lee, Young-Yup;Lee, Jin-Hong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2007
  • Indoor air differs from outdoor atmosphere since it contains chemical and physical contaminants from building materials. This study deals with the biological effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from synthetic fiber carpet materials. One group of Tradescantia inflorescence was exposed to VOCs from the carpet sample in the environmental test chamber, while the other inflorescence group was exposed to a TO-14 standard gas mixture (1 ppm) for comparison. After the exposure, VOCs from the carpet were analysed by the desorber/GC/MS method, and micronuclei in the pollen mother cells of Tradescantia were scored under a microscope $({\times}400)$ to evaluate the genotocixicity induced by the exposure to VOCs. The chemical analysis confirmed that a total of 12 VOCs were released from the carpet materials, among which stylene $(71.9{\mu}g\;m^{-3})$ and toluene $(49.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3})$ were in the highest concentration. Twenty four hours of exposure to VOCs from the carpet in the environmental test chamber resulted in a micronucleus frequency as high as $7.73{\pm}0.75MCN$ per 100 tetrads, which was similar to that induced after exposure to the TO-14 standard gas mixture (1 ppm) for 4 hours. Meanwhile, two hours of exposure to the standard gas mixture did not cause a significant increase in the genotoxicity compared to the spontaneous micronucleus frequency. This result indicates that exposure for a long time to the air contaminated with VOCs from the carpet materials causes a genotoxic effect. The biological-chemical combination analyses in the study proved to be an effective tool for monitoring the indoor air contaminants.

Study on the genotoxicity of soi1 leachate from two polluted sites in Cheongju with Tradescantia-micronuclus assay (자주달개비 미세핵 분석법을 이용한 청주공단주변 토양침출수의 유전독성 평가)

  • Kim Jin Gyu;Lee Byeong Heon;Sin Hae Sik;Lee Jin Hong
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.119-122
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    • 2002
  • Soil contaminants are common in industrialized sites, They can affect directly soil and indirectly ground water and food. Soil mutagens and carcinogens are of great interest due to their potentially hazardous effects on human health. The aim of this study was to monitor the genotoxicity of contaminated soils, Soil leachates were collected from two polluted sites and one control site in Cheongju. Tradescantia BNL 4430 clone was used as experimental matierials. Chromosomal damages induced by soil leachates were detected by the Tradescantia-micronucleus assay. It is known from the result that Tradescantia-micronucleus assay is an excellent botanical tool for detection of biological risk due to environmental toxicants.

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Maximization of The Number of Follicular Oocytes Recovered from The Bovine Ovaries (소 난소로부터 회수난포란수의 극대화 방법)

  • 유형진;최승철;이상호
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 1993
  • A new technique was established to maximize the numbers of follicular oocytes recovered from the ovaries obtained at the slaughter house. And their further developmental capacity was demonstrated. There recovery techniques were used; aspiration (ASP, control), slicing (SLC) and slicing combining aspiration (ASP+SLC). Recovered oocytes were cultured in TCM 199+15% FCS+gonadotrophins in an atmosphere of 5% CO$_2$ in air at 39$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The nuclear maturation was detemined with chromo-some configuration by rapid staining. And cytoplasmic maturation was examined by the formation of female pronuclei with parthenogenetic activation of the matured oocyte after 18 h of co-culture with granulosa cell monolayer. Total 1,641 bovine follicular oocytes recovered from 245 ovaries. The number of oocytcs per ovary was 1.87 in ASP, 11.05 in SLC and 7.88 in ASP+SLC, respectively. SLC would yield 5.9 folds increase, compared with ASP. The rate of maturation were 92.9% in ASP, 79.1% in SLC and 71.7% in ASP+SLC, respectively. Although the maturation rate in ASP was the highest, metaphase II oocytes per ovary in SLC was 5 times higher than that of ASP. The rates of pronuclei formation upon ethanol activation were 75% in ASP, 67% in SLC and 62.5% in ASP+SLC, respectively. The results demonstrate that it should be possible to maximize the number of the follicular oocyte from the ovary for mass production of bovine embryos. Thus the established technique may provide efficient supply of bovine embryos for biochemical and molecular study of early bovine embryos.

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