• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2013

최근에 희토류 이온이 도핑된 형광체를 램프, 플라즈마, 디스플레이 패널, 음극선관, 광전 소자에 응용하기 위한 연구에 많은 노력이 경주되고 있다. 특히 희토류 이온은 4f-껍질에 존재하는 전자의 독특한 성질 때문에 좁은 밴드폭과 강한 발광 특성을 나타내므로 발광 다이오드, 자석, 촉매, 디스플레이 패널용 형광체로 개발되고 있다, 본 연구에서는 고효율의 녹색과 적색 형광체를 개발하기 위하여 모체 결정은 SrSnO3, 활성제 이온은 Eu (유로퓸) 와 Tb (테르븀)을 선택하여 도핑하였다. 합성된 형광체 분말의 회절상을 XRD로 측정한 결과에 의하면, Eu3+와 Tb3+의 함량비에 관계없이 모든 세라믹 분말은 JCPDS #74-1298에 제시된 회절상과 일치하였으며, 주 피크는 $31.3^{\circ}$, $44.9^{\circ}$, $55.8^{\circ}$에서 최대값을 갖는 (110), (200), (211)면에서 발생한 회절 신호이며, 이밖에도 $22.04^{\circ}$, $65.4^{\circ}$, $74.3^{\circ}$에서 약한 회절 피크를 갖는 (100), (220), (013)면의 신호들이 관측되었다. Eu3+ 이온의 함량비가 0.05 mol 인 경우에 (110)과 (211) 피크의 세기가 최대값을 나타내었고, Eu3+의 함량비가 증가함에 따라 두 피크의 세기는 점점 감소하였다. XRD의 데이터를 Scherrer의 식에 대입하여 계산한 결정 입자의 크기는 Eu3+ 이온이 도핑된 경우에는 0 mol에서 최소의 크기를 나타내었고, Tb3+ 이온이 도핑된 경우에 입자의 크기는 0.05 mol에서 최소이었고 0 mol에서 최대값을 보였다. SEM으로 촬영한 표면 형상의 변화를 관측한 결과, Eu3+의 함량비가 0.15 mol인 경우에, 결정 입자의 평균 크기는 400~450nm이며, Tb3+의 함량비가 0.05 mol인 경우에, 결정 입자의 평균 크기는 270~290nm 이었으며, 입자의 형상은 균일하게 분포하는 구형 형태을 보였다. Eu3+와 Tb3+ 이온의 함량비가 점점 증가함에 따라 미립자들이 서로 뭉쳐져서 각각 약 720 nm와 580 nm의 크기를 갖는 큰 입자를 형성하였고, 불규칙적인 분포를 나타내었다. 여기 파장 293 nm에서 Tb3+가 도핑된 SrSnO3:Tb3+ 형광체 분말의 발광 스펙트럼을 측정한 결과에 의하면, Tb3+의 함량비에 관계없이 모든 시료는 주 피크인 550 nm (녹색)와 상대적으로 세기가 약한 500, 590, 630 nm에서 발광 스펙트럼을 나타내었다. 주 피크의 발광 세기는 0.01 mol~0.15 mol에서는 증가 하였고, 더욱 함량비를 증가함에 따라 급격하게 감소하였다. 이 현상은 활성제 이온의 mol 비가 증가함에 따라 이온 사이의 거리가 가까워져서 서로 뭉치는 현상이 주도적으로 작용하여 발광의 세기가 현저히 감소하는 것으로 판단된다. 0.10 mol 일 때 세기가 가장 강한 녹색 형광 신호를 얻었다. 여기 파장 400nm에서 Eu3+가 도핑된 SrSnO3:Eu3+ 형광체 분말의 형광 스펙트럼은 Eu3+의 함량비에 관계없이 590, 619, 696 nm에서 관측되었다. Eu3+의 몰 비가 0.01~0.05 mol 영역에서 619 nm가 주 피크이나, 몰 비가 더욱 증가함에 다라 주 피크의 파장은 590 nm로 이동하였다. 한편, 696 nm의 발광세기는 몰 비가 증가함에 따라 더욱 증가하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.54-66
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• 2023

Titanium's importance as a mineral resource is increasing, but the Korean industry depends on imports. Ilmenite is the principal titanium ore. However, research and development from raw materials have not been investigated yet in detail. Hence, measures to secure a stable titanium supply chain are urgently needed. Accordingly, through beneficiation technology, we evaluated the possibility of technological application for the efficient recovery of valuable minerals. As a result of the experiments, we confirmed that mineral particles existed as fine particles due to weathering, making recovery through classification difficult. Consequently, applying beneficiation technologies, i.e., specific gravity separation, magnetic separation, and flotation, makes it possible to recover valuable minerals such as hematite and rutile. However, there are limitations in increasing the quality and yield of TiO₂ due to the mineralogical characteristic of the hematite and rutile contained in titanium ore. Hametite is combined with rutile even at fine particles. Therefore, it is essential to develop mineral processing routes, to recover iron, vanadium, and rare earth elements as resources. On that account, we used grinding technology that improves group separation between constituent minerals and magnetic separation technology that utilizes the difference in magnetic sensitivity between fine mineral particles. The development of beneficiation technology that can secure the economic feasibility of valuable materials after reforming iron oxide and titanium oxide components is necessary.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2018

Metasediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralized zone has been found in Dyusembay of Kazakhstan. Its petrological properties, metal index, alteration index and redox-sensitivity are compared with those of SEDEX type deposit. Mineralization is developed along foliation of host rock (graphitic phyllite) and controlled by folds and faults; major ore minerals including pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and galena are disseminated or interlayered with fine-grained quartz. The margin of the mineralized zone is metamorphosed accompanying sericite and chlorite. Hydrothermal brecciation and Pb-Zn mineralization formed in quartz-calcite stockworks are confirmed at the around of Maytyubin granitoid intrusions. The mineralization is classified into three types according to those of occurrence, paragenesis, chemical composition and isotopic characteristics. Type 1 whose fine-grained pyrite, pyrrhotite and sphalerite are formed in parallel yet discontinuous to well-developed foliations of the host rock; its geochemistry is similar to those of the earlier stage in SEDEX-type mineralization. In case of type 2, the ore minerals of which are concentrated being parallel to a foliation by regional metamorphism, and most of them associated with quartz and muscovite (${\pm}$ biotite) paragenetically. Type 3 is formed in the hydrothermal breccia zone whose ore minerals are controlled by foliation and breccia and developed in quartz ${\pm}$ calcite veins having a form such as stratification, stockwork or veinlets. Host rocks in the mineralized zone indicate homogeneous metamorphic grade and there is no specific alteration zonation. Also, all types (type 1, type 2, and type 3) represent similar REEs patterns, it can be interpreted that these are originated from a same source. Sulphides occurred in mineralized zone indicate a limited range of sulphur isotope values (type 2, ${\delta}^{34}S=-13.3{\sim}-11.7$‰; type 3, ${\delta}^{34}S=-13.9{\sim}-8.2$‰), and a result of geothermometry presents different temperature ranges: type 2($251{\pm}38^{\circ}C{\sim}277{\pm}40^{\circ}C$); type 3($360{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ to $537{\pm}29^{\circ}C$). It is estimated to be due to the effect of metamorphism and Maytyubin granitoid intrusions, respectively. In addition, ternary chart of thorium, scandium, and zircon for discrimination of tectonic setting and redox sensitivity using V/Mo values indicate that hydrothermal sediments put on reduction environment after precipitation, before being affected by metamorphism and intrusion activity. Geochemical data are plotted on a distal trend of SEDEX-type with discrimination plot using SEDEX index. As a result, petrological-geochemical properties demonstrate that Dyusembay Pb-Zn mineralized zone is comparable to distal-type of SEDEX deposit.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-79
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• 1993

Chuncheon nephrite, which was formed by the polymetasomatic alteration of dolomitic marble, can be classified into pale green, green, dark green, and grey types on the basis of their occurrence, mineralogical and textural characteristics. The nephrites consist obiefly of fibrous or hairlike(length/width ratio>10) cryptocrystalline(crystal width < $2{\mu}m$) tremolite, and include less amounts of micro-crystalline diopside, calcite, clinochlore, and sphene as impurities. The oriented and rather curved crystal aggregate, of nephritic tremolite are densely interwoven, resulting in a massive-fibrous texture which may explain the characteristic toughness of nephritic jade. The characteristic greenish color of the nephrite may be preferably related to Fe rather than Cr and Ni. However, the variation of color and tint in the Chuncheon nephrite also depends on the mineralogical and textural differences such as crystallinity, texture, and impurities. The chemical composition of the nephritic tremolite is not stoichiometric and rather dispersed especially in the abundances of Al, Mg, and Ca. Al content and Mg/Ca ratio for the nephritic tremolite are slightly increased with deepening in greenish color of the nephrite. Fe content in the nephritic tremolite is generally very low, but comparatively richer in the dark green nephrite. In nephritic tremolite, wide-chain pyriboles are irregularly intervened between normal double chains, forming a chain-width disorder. Most nephritic tremolites in the Chuncheon nephrite show various type of chain-width defects such as triple chain(jimthompsonite), quintuple chain (chesterite), or sometimes quadruple chain in HRTEM observations. The degree of chain-width disorder in the nephritic tremolite tends to increase with deepening in greenish color. Triple chain is the most common type, and quadruple chain is rarely observed only in the grey nephrite. The presence of pyribole structure in the nephritic tremolite is closely related to the increase of Al content and Mg/Ca ratio, a rather dispersive chemical composition, a decrease of relative intensity in (001) XRD reflection, and an increase in b axis dimension of unit cell. In addition, the degree and variation of chain-width disorder with nephrite types may support that an increase of metastability was formed by a rapid diffusion of Mg-rich fluid during the nephrite formation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.16-27
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• 2000

In order to produce raw material powder of advanced magnetic material by spray roasting process, newly modified spray roasting system was developed in this work. In this spray roasting system, raw material solution was effectively atomized and sprayed into the reaction furnace. Also, uniform temperature distribution inside reaction furnace made thermal decomposition process fully completed, and produced powder was effectively collected in cyclone and bag filter. This system equipped with apparatus which can purify hazard produced gas. In this study complex acid solution was prepared by dissolution of mill scale and ferro-Mn into the acid solution, and the pH of this complex acid solution was controlled about to 4. It was conformed that mill scale and ferro-Mn containing a lot of impurities such as $SiO_2$, P and Al could be used as raw material by reducing the impurities content of complex acid solution below 20 ppm. Complex oxide powder of Fe-Mn system was produced by spraying purified complex acid solution into the spray roaster through nozzle, and the variations of produced powder characters were studied by changing he reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, the injection velocity of solution and air, nozzle tip size and concentration of solution. The morphology of produced powder had spherical shape under the most experimental conditions, and concentration of solution. The morphology of produced powder has spherical shape under the most experimental conditions, and the composition and the particle size distribution were almost uniform, which tells the excellence of this spray roasting system. The grain size of most produced powder was below 100 nm. From the above results, it will be possible to produce ultra fine oxide powder from the chloride of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu and rare earth by using this spray roasting system, and also to produce ultra fine pure metal powder by changing reaction atmosphere.