• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2022

Graphene oxide was stirred with a ZnCl₂:NaCl electrolyte and electrochemically coated by cyclic voltammetry to simplify the electron transpfer layer film forming process for organic solar cells and to fabricate an organic solar cell having it. The device structure is FTO/ZnO:graphene/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag. Morphology and chemical properties of ETL were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. As a result of XPS measurement, ZnO metal oxide and carbon bonding were simultaneously confirmed, and ZnO and graphene peaks were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The electrical characteristics of the manufactured solar cell were specified with a solar simulator, and the ETL device coated twice at a rate of 0.05 V/s showed the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 1.94%.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2022

This study uses the recovered water as mixing water and artificial lightweight aggregate pre-wetting water as part of a study to increase the recycling rate and reduce greenhouse gas of the ready-mixed concrete recovered during the concrete transport process, and cement fine powder of blast furnace slag(BFS) and fly ash(FA). The engineering characteristics of the three-component lightweight aggregate mortar used as a substitute were reviewed. For this purpose, the flow, dry unit mass, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, neutralization depth, and chloride ion penetration resistance of the three-component lightweight aggregate mortar were measured. When used together with the formulation, when 15 % of BFS and 5 % of FA were used, it was found to be positive in improving the compressive strength and durability of the mortar.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.318-328
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• 2015

Effective urban flood reduction and restoration of natural water cycle at present include the application of permeable pavements. The application of permeable pavement addresses urban water cycle and disaster related events which gained attention internationally. However, few researches have been conducted to investigate unsaturated behavior and evaluate the water characteristics curves of these type of pavement materials most especially in the unsaturated state. In this study, first the saturated permeability and the soil-water characteristics curve of a pervious concrete are evaluated based on laboratory tests, and, based on experimental results, the infiltration of permeable pavement system is numerically modelled. In the soil-water characteristics curve of a pervious concrete, the volumetric water content drops very steeply after the air entry value with increasing matric suction. From the finite element analyses, the performance of the permeable pavement when compared to impermeable pavement, confirmed that the whole system effectively delayed and reduced runoff.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2019

When RC(Reinforced Concrete) structures are exposed to harsh environment, deterioration phenomenon occurs, and the corrosion in rebar due to chloride intrusion is known as representative deterioration, so called chloride attack. In this paper, chloride resistance performance of 2 years aged concrete is evaluated considering 3 levels of water to binder ratio(0.37, 0.42, and 0.47) and 2 levels of substitution ratio of fly ash(0% and 30%). Accelerated chloride diffusion coefficient tests referred to Tang's method, total passed charge tests referred to ASTM C 1202, and compressive strength tests referred to KS F 2405 are performed. With adaptation of the previous test results and the results from this study, time-dependent chloride diffusion characteristics are analyzed for each concrete. The FA(Fly Ash) concrete has higher chloride resistance performance than OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) concrete. According to the evaluation standard of ASTM C 1202, the FA concrete has "Moderate" grade after 49 days while OPC concrete does "Moderate" grade after 365 days. As the results of time-parameter for chloride diffusion, OPC concrete and FA concrete show the decreasing behavior of time-parameters with increasing water to binder ratio. Also, FA concrete has 1.57~2.74 times of time-parameter than OPC concrete. That's cause is thought that the time-parameter indicates the gradient of decreasing of diffusion coefficient. FA concrete has higher time-parameters than OPC concrete by pozzolanic reaction of FA.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2019

The adhered mortars in recycled aggregate may lower the performance of the concrete, such as by reducing in strength and durability, and cracking. In the present study, the effects of nylon fiber (NF) on the mechanical and durable properties of 100% ordinary portland cement (OPC) and 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concretes incorporating recycled coarse aggregate (RA) were experimentally investigated. Concrete was produced by adding 0 and $0.6kg/m^3$ of NF and then cured in water for the predetermined period. Measurements of compressive and split tensile strength, water permeable pore and total charge passed through concrete were carried out, and the corresponding test results were compared with those of concrete incorporating crushed coarse aggregate (CA). In addition, the microstructures of 28-day concretes were observed by using SEM technique. Test results revealed that the RA concrete showed lower performance than CA concrete because of the adhered mortars in RA. However, it was obvious that the addition of NF in RA concrete was much effective in enhancing the performance of the concretes due to the bridge effect from NF. In particular, the application of NF2 (19 mm) exhibited a somewhat beneficial effect compared with concrete incorporating NF1 with respect to mechanical properties, especially for RA concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1044-1048
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• 2010

해수를 이용한 세계최초의 해수수로인 송도 신도시 중앙공원 해수수로는 서해안에서 집수된 해수를 $5{\mu}m$의 공극 크기를 가지는 해수처리시설 (STF, seawater treatment facility)에 의해 여과된 뒤 2곳의 해수공급 지점에서 해수수로로 공급된다. 여과된 해수는 수로로 155L/sec의 유량으로 1.8km를 흐른 뒤 서해로 방류된다. 이러한 인공 해수수로에서는 흐름정체에 따른 수질 문제와 영양염에 의한 적조를 유발하는 조류 성장이 문제가 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3차원 수치모형을 이용한 인공 해수수로내의 흐름특성 모의와 수질 모니터링의 통한 조류 생성 특성 및 장소를 비교하여 그 상관성을 분석하고자 한다. 수치모의 실험은 3차원 수치모형인 FLOW-3D를 이용하였으며, 격자망 형태는 직사각형 직각 격자가 사용되었다. 현장 모니터링을 통하여 획득한 수질 데이터와 비교 분석을 통하여 해수수로 내 해수 흐름 특성변화(유속, 와도 등)와 조류생성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 해수 수로내의 평균 유속은 0.01m/s 이었으며, 수로의 형상에 따라서 정체수역이 발생하였다. 이러한 정체수역은 현장 모니터링을 통하여 예측된 조류 발생 지역과 일치하였다. 이러한 흐름 특성과 조류생성과의 상관성 규명을 통하여 인공수로의 물순환 시스템 설계시 조류 생성을 억제할 수 있는 최적 관리를 위한 설계의 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2013

식생의 생물계절학적 특성은 지표면과 대기의 에너지와 물 순환에 큰 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 상층군락과 하층군락의 식생은 미기후의 차이 등에 의해 서로 다른 생물계절학적 특성을 가진다. 이러한 식생의 생물계절학적 특성은 반사도 관측을 통해 추정할 수 있다. 과거부터 원격탐사 기법을 활용하여 식생의 생물계절학적 특성을 추정하는 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 상층군락과 하층군락의 반사특성을 구분하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 상층군락과 하층군락 식생의 생물계절학적 특성을 구분하여 탐지하기 위해 red, green, blue 그리고 near-infrared 의 네 가지 파장대를 가진 LED 센서를 이용하였다. LED 센서는 광릉 시험림 내의 활엽수림과 침엽수림 관측지에 서로 다른 네 군데의 높이에 설치되어 각 파장대의 반사도를 산출하였다. 또한 반사도를 이용하여 세 가지 식생지수(NDVI, EVI, Greenness index)를 산출하여 상층식생과 하층식생의 개엽기를 추정하였다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.47.2-47.2
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• 2010

빗물을 노상 침투시키는 투수성포장은 물순환 보전과 차량 주행 안전성 확보와 같은 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 지금까지 보도나 주차장 같이 비교적 교통조건이 열악하지 않은 구간에 적용되고 있지만 우수 침투로 인해 노상이 연약화 될 것을 우려하여 현재까지 차도에 적용하지 못하고 있으며 설계 방법 또한 정립되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 투수성포장의 포장단면을 설계하기 위한 방안으로 단지내 포장을 투수성포장으로 설계할 경 물의 침투로 인해 노상의 지지력이 약화 된다고 가정하고 노상 지지력의 약화에 따른 포장층의 역학적 거동 특성을 유한요소 해석을 통하여 분석하여 구조적 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 포장두께를 분석하였다. 또한 설계 개념에서 노상의 지지력 저하에 따른 포장두께의 할증방안과 할증두께를 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.597-600
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• 2008

Correspond in chloride content increase by sea sand uses of bad quality using recycled fine aggregate in this research. together, examined basic properties of matter for activation of been using recycled fine aggregate use definitely. Also, super fundamental principles that is shortcoming that blast furnace slag differential speech has prevents problem of decline and change of countenance limestone power differential speech by purpose to contribute in early age strength as Filler role special quality examine. As experiment result, compressive strength at recycled fine aggregate 10%, limestone power 20% metathesis the highest compressive strength value appear, According to recycled fine aggregate metathesis rate increase, the chloride content reduced by 0.127 ㎏/m$^3$s(metathesis rate 0%), 0.119 ㎏/m$^3$s (metathesis rate 10%), 0.112 ㎏/m$^3$s (metathesis rate l20%), 0.097 ㎏/m$^3$s (metathesis rate 30%).

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.78-82
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• 2003

지형은 지표물질의 변위 혹은 변형, 물질의 화학적 구조가 변함에 따라 변화한다(좌등구 외, 1990). 이러한 지형 프로세스는 물순환계와 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 지표공간을 이루는 대부분의 지형은 지상에 공급된 강우의 유출과정에서 형성된 것이라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 특히 곡저 또는 곡두는 유수의 배출통로인 동시에 유출특성에 기인한 각 종 지형프로세스에 의해서 형성된다(은전 외, 1996). (중략)