• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.949-959
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• 2015

In this case study, we analyzed the STEAM lessons conducted by secondary science teachers in the perspective of the CHAT. Two science teachers at high schools in Seoul participated in this study. All of the teaching-learning materials were collected before lessons, and their lessons were observed and videotaped. We also observed the atmospheres in both school offices and classrooms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before and after their lessons. All the data collected were categorized according to the elements of the activity system and analyzed by using the constant comparative method. The analyses of the results revealed that both teachers did not consider the student-centered self-directed activities in their STEAM lessons, but that they differed in the subject element such as teacher's professionalism on STEAM. Various elements of the activity system such as environmental characteristics of the school and policies about the STEAM influenced the performance of their STEAM lessons. Contradictions in the elements of the activity system brought about various changes. Successful experiences of the STEAM lessons by complex effects of the elements positively influenced their performances on their STEAM lessons. Based on these results, we have made some suggestions for the establishment of the STEAM in secondary schools.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.33-66
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• 2004

In these days, science is too complex and comprehensive scientific practices to be reduced to scientific knowledge. Also it's actors go beyond the limit of scientist society to the broad range of supporting system scientific journalism, education, and business. Science is very important cultural practice of our times. This Study focus on the effect of interdisciplinary approach in understanding modern science culture. First, this paper suggest the approach of public understanding of science(PUS) as a framework PUS has provided new perspectives for the relation of scientific knowledge and understanding. Traditional approach(so-called 'deficit model') regarded understanding as mere transportation of scientific knowledge. So it may be called 'knowledge-oriented approach' to understanding. But PUS consider understanding process of 'dynamic reconstructing' which is occurred in complex socio-cultural context. Second, this article analysis the Korea University STS course(2002-2003) 'Science Technology & Society' as the case study. The case study examine how interdisciplinary approach help students to understand 'sciene in the making'.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.465-472
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• 2015

The virtual reality technology is currently used classifying functional types such as the observation operation type, the experimental activity type, the learning information type, the field problem-solving type, and other different types, based on the media's characteristics implementing 3D form of multi-sensory information. Using Virtual Reality, the restoration of the 'Doksu Palace' has been grafted onto J. Keller's ARCS model, suggesting a field restoration concept that reenacts the lives of the people that had been in the field with the cultural heritage and history based on a scenario based scene direction. This paper also summarizes 3 different types of implementation of the field restoration assorting multi-scene direction. Certain limitations exist, due to the fact that a completed prototype hasn't been suggested and that a detailed notion of the housing and 3D audio connection has been omitted.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.248-267
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• 2023

Cultural heritage teaching and learning, which uses cultural heritage as educational content, has not been sufficiently analyzed and studied based on clear educational theories so far. Among educational theories, constructivism is a theory in which learning is a process of constructing learning contents determined by learners' individual experiences and interests, and the result is evaluated as a confirmation of whether or not they have the ability to carry out the process. Cultural heritage is a lively and interesting social and cultural product, and it is an educational content that has sufficient educational function and meaning for a textbook. It is considered to be a very meaningful study to apply the constructivist educational theory to the educational contents of cultural heritage with these characteristics. Based on this awareness of the problem, this study examined the characteristics and principles of constructivist teaching and learning, the characteristics of cultural heritage, and the principles of constructivist teaching and learning on a theoretical basis. In addition, from the perspective of constructivism, the current cultural heritage teaching and learning was analyzed and problems were derived. Based on this, the direction of cultural heritage teaching and learning is that the cultural heritage teaching and learning process should be learner-centered, the teaching and learning principle should be cognitive conflict, the teaching and learning content should be in the form of task solving, and teaching and learning activities should be cooperative. presented. In addition, an example of a program was presented to specifically show the actual state of teaching and learning of cultural assets from the perspective of constructivism. Cultural heritage teaching and learning research from the perspective of constructivism will be an opportunity to discover new meanings of cultural heritage that we have not yet found, and it will also serve as an opportunity to present and establish the direction of cultural heritage teaching and learning, which has been barren until now.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated science teacher's guidance of teaching practice in the perspective of the CHAT. Two science teachers working for schools affiliated with a college of education in Seoul took part in this study. Visiting the entire teaching practice, we observed the processes of guidance and the lessons and collected related materials. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted before, during and after teaching practice. All the data were analyzed by using the constant comparative method. The analyses of the results revealed that student guidance during the lessons was also important. And the curriculum orientation needed to be carried out before teaching practice. The division of labor with pre-service teachers relieved teachers of work burden. Teachers failed to guide assessment of students due to influences of community element such as students who were sensitive to grades. In both cases, teaching practice were so collaborative that those were valuable not only for pre-service teachers but also for teachers and students. Two teachers' activity system showed contradictions due to the lack of specific manuals for guidance and the lack of understanding of pre-service teachers. These contradictions brought about difficulties in their guidance, which in turn led to the difficulties experienced by pre-service teachers during teaching practice. They attempted to resolve contradictions in alternative ways and required standardized manuals for guidance, environments in which teachers could collaborate, and close connections with a college of education. Based on the results, we suggest some ways to improve teaching practice.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-152
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• 2010

This paper explores the historical process that created a specific understanding of and responses to atopic dermatitis(AD) in Korea. AD hardly has a status of an environmental disease in other societies but it is a representative environmental disease in South Korea in connection with various environmental pollutants, most notably with endocrine disrupting chemicals. This understanding of AD as an environmental disease led to an unprecedented legislation of the Environmental Health Act of 2008, a broad environmental health law with the precautionary principle and the focus on human aspect of environmental problems. In line with the growing body of works that articulate the roles of the public and culture in regulatory process, this paper argues that both the understanding of and the regulatory responses to AD owe greatly to the knowledge and political practice of the public, especially that of the 'Atopy moms'. Their knowledge practice that creatively appropriated scientific uncertainty regarding AD brought unexpected epistemological and political alliances, respectively with alternative medicine and with organic coop movement and an emergent political party and generated enough dynamics for the legislation of the EHA.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.269-274
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• 2022

Today, sports are becoming increasingly important for national development, with all countries raising the strategic goal of becoming a sports powerhouse. Among them, martial arts, which are active in China as the main stage among East Asian martial arts, have a long history and are meaningful, and the promotion of internationalization of martial arts is also important. In this study, major problems faced in the process of promoting martial arts internationalization in East Asia were analyzed in depth. Currently, the theoretical system of martial arts is inconsistent and insufficient, there is a big difference in cultural background from region to region, there is a lack of talent for internationalization, and innovative promotion methods are not yet mature. Based on the major problems encountered in the internationalization of each martial arts, we will analyze the internationalization strategy, establish a martial arts theory system, accept the diversity of martial arts culture, and supplement the internationalization talent supply mechanism to propose a martial arts internationalization promotion method. The future succession and development of Chinese martial arts on the global stage and the promotion of internationalization of the value of Chinese martial arts have important theoretical values and practical significance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.201-230
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• 2001

Conserving the recored cultural inheritance is actually the duty of all of us. Above all, the management and conservation of archives and documents is up to archivists who have technical knowledge about archival science. Archivists have to not only conserve archives and documents but also carry out classifying and appraising them in order to define them as current historic ones. The fundamental education about archival science is made up of history and law. Because Archive is the organisation which manage archives and documents produced by legal and administrative actions. Although there are still arguments about technical knowledge and degree archivists have to acquire, most of them prefer the studies related with history and emphasize legal studies to be the general boundary of archivits' ideology and trust. The training course about conservation of archives is conducted in about 9 National Archives of Torino, Milano, Venezia, Genova, Bologna, Parma, Roma, Napoli, Palermo. The training course in 19th was mostly based on the lectures of Phaleography, Diplomatics. There were not the education about archival science yet. Toward the end of 19th and 20th, people stressed the most basic subject in the training course of National Archive was not Phaleography and Diplomatics but archival science. The goal of archival science is to study the institution and organisation transferring archives and documents to Archive. And also it help archivists not wander about with ignorance of organisational and original procedures and divisions but know exactly theirs works. Like this, the studies on institution and organisation have got in the saddle as a branch of archival science since a few ten years. While archival science didn't evoke sympathy among people and experienced the tedious and difficult path in italy and other countries, Archive was managed by experts of other branches. As a result, there were a lot of faults in Archival Science. Specializing training course for Italian archivists came into being under the backdrop of Social Science Institute of Roma National University in 1925. The archival course of universities accomplished by the studies of history, law and economy. And such as Eugenio Casanova and Giorgio Cencetti were devoted archival science was abled to settle down in national archive. The training course for experts of 'archival science, 'Phaleography and Diplomatics' in National Archive of Bologna(Archivio di Stato di Bologna) is one of courses conducted in 17 National Archives in italy. This course is gratuitous and made up of 8 subjects(Archivistica, Paleografia, Diplomatica, Storia dell' Archivio, Notariato e documenti privati, istituzione medievale, istituzione moderna, istituzione contemporanea) students have to complete for two years. Students can receive the degree through passing twice written exam and once oral test. After department of Culture and education finally puts the marks of students, the chief Nationa Archive of Bologna confer the degree of 'archival science Phaleography and Diplomatics' on students passing the exams. This degree authenticates trainees' qualification which enables him to work at the archive in province, district and administrative capital city and archive of comunity and so on. Italian training course naturally leads archivists to keep in contact with valuable cultural inheritance through training in Archive. And it shows the intention to strengthen the affinity with each documents in the spot of archival management before training archivists. Also this is appraised as one of positive policies to conserve the local cultual inheritante in connection with the original qualitity of national archive with testify the history of each region. Traning course for archivist in Italy shows us the way how we have to prepare and proceed it. First, from producing documents to conserving than forever there has introduced 'original order that is to say a general rule to respect the first order given at the time producing documents'. Management of administrative documents is related consistently with one of historical documents. Second, the traning course for archivist is managing around 17 national archives. because italian national archive lay stress not or rducation of theory bus on train for archivest working in the first time of archival science. Third, diplomatics and phaleography for studies about historical document support archives. Forth, the studies on history id proceeding by cooperation between archivist and historian around archive. How our duties is non continuinf disputer who has to conserve and manage document and archives, but traing experts who having ability, vision and flexible thought, responsibility about archivals.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 2019

In this study, we analyzed professors' performance of teaching in college of science and engineering from the perspective of the CHAT. Two professors volunteered to participate in this study. Their syllabi were collected before the lectures, and their lectures were observed and videotaped. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before and after their lectures. The CHAT components were classified into 'subjects', 'objects', 'rules', 'communities', 'division of labor', and 'tools'. We extracted the content of six CHAT components from the data and constructed the analysis framework based on the extracted contents. The analyses of the results revealed that both professors had difficulties due to the contradictions among the components of subject, object, rules, and community in the activity system. Both professors used various strategies to relieve the contradiction related to students' ability, such as inviting students to participate in their lecture. However the extent of providing opportunities to students to participate was different between two professors. Meanwhile, both professors preferred to continue their own strategies, because they observed positive changes in students' learning. In other words, the success experiences of two professors influenced their performances of teaching. We discussed some suggestions to improve the quality of the lecture in the college of science and engineering.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.285-320
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• 2016

Cartoons and Animation are convergent arts created with a composite application of language arts described in the form of literary texts and sounds, plastic arts visualized in the form of artistic paintings, and film arts produced in the form of moving pictures. An academic university major in cartoons and animation studies established in late 20th century however, did not satisfactorily meet the needs in academic research and development and the free expression of artistic creation was limited. In order to systematize the major in cartoons and animation studies, an convergent approach to establish and clarify following are in demand : the terms and definitions, the historical developments, the research areas and methods, the major education and related jobs and start-ups. New culture and arts industries including cartoons, animation, moving images, and games contents are not yet listed in the industries listing service jointly provided online by the portal site Naver.com and Hyung-Seol publishing company. Above all, cartoons and animation are inseparably related to each other that even if one uses the term separately and independently, the meaning may not be complete. So a new combined term "Animatoon" can be established for the major in cartoons and animation studies and also used for its degree with concentrations of cartoons, animation, moving images, games, and etc. In the Introduction, a new combined term Animatoon is defined and explained the use of this term as the name of the major and degree in cartoons and animation studies. In the body, first, the Historical Developments classified Animatoon in the ancient times, the medieval times, and the modern times and they are analyzed with the help of esthetics and arts using examples of mural frescos, animal painting, religion cartoons, caricatures, cartoons, satire cartoons, comics, animation, 2 or 3 dimensional webtoons, and K-toons. Second, the Research Areas of Animatoon reviewed the theories, genres, artworks, and artists and the Research Methods of Animatoon presented the curriculum that integrated the courses in humanities, science technologies, culture and arts, and etc. Third, the Major Education considered Animatoon education in children, young adults, students of the major and the Related Jobs and Start-Ups explored various jobs relating to personal creation of artwork and collective production of business-oriented artwork. In the Conclusion, the current challenges of Animatoon considered personalization of the artists, specialization of the contents, diversification of the types, and liberalization of the art creation. And the direction of improvement advocated Animatoon to be an academic field of study, to be an art, to be a culture, and to be an industry. The importance of cartoons and animation along with videos and games rose in the 21st century. In order for cartoons and animation to take a leading role, make efforts in studying Animatoon academically and also in developing Animatoon as good contents in the cultural industries.