• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.795-802
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• 2002

We present a new dynamic routing scheme for multiple autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) systems. There have been so many results concerned with scheduling and routing of multiple AGV systems; however, most of them are only applicable to systems with a small number of AGVs under a low degree of concurrency. With an increased number of AGVs in recent applications, these AGV systems are faced with another problem that has never been occurred in a system with a small number AGVs. This is the stop propagation problem. That is, if a leading AGV stops then all the following AGVs must stop to avoid any collision. In order to resolve this problem, we propose a nonstop preferential detour (NPD) algorithm which is a new dynamic routing scheme employing an election algorithm. For real time computation, we introduce two stage control scheme and propose a new path searching scheme, k-via shortest path scheme for an efficient dynamic routing algorithm. Finally, the proposed new dynamic routing scheme is illustrated by an example.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.241-253
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• 1998

By the rapid expansion of containerization and intermodel transportation in international shipping since the 1970's, the larger containerships have emerged and concentrated their calls at a limitted number of ports. Moreover, large-scale container terminals have been built to accommodate the ever-larger containerships, and the mordernization of terminal facilities and many developments in information technology etc. have been brought out. Thus, unlimited competition has been imposed on every terminal with neighbouring ports in Japan, Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan etc. The purpose of this study is invested to suggest how the container terminal operators cope with unlimited competition between local or foreign terminals. The results are suggested as follows : First, transshipment cargoes, which the added value is high, is to be induced. Second, the function of storage is given on On-Dock Yard. Third. Berth Pool Operation System is introduced, especially in Gamman Container Terminal and Kwangyang Container Terminal. Fourth, the cargo handling charges is decided by terminal operator.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.132-138
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• 2014

The use of AGVs(Automated Guided Vehicles) are increasing in many factories. The most widely used AGV system is that magnetic tapes are attached on the factory floor to make guided path and an AGV equipped with a magnetic sensor follows the path by sensing magnetic flux. In this AGV system, usually a magnetic sensor is attached on the front end of an AGV to detect the guided path and the sensor generates analog voltages proportional to the magnetic flux. The problem is that the AGV in use has rather big tracking errors because the accurate orientation of the AGV can not be detected by using only one magnetic sensor. In this paper, we propose a method to minimize the path tracking errors. In our method, one additional sensor is attached on the rear end of the AGV to estimate the orientation of the AGV and to control more accurately the AGV according to the estimated orientation of the AGV. We performed several experiments and the results successfully show the feasibility of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.43
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• pp.81-100
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• 2020

Since sustainable packaging of flower basket designs that are sold from florist shops is needed for both the seller and the buyer, studying of second packaging of flower basket design has begun. In this study, based on the survey that has been done in 2019, and the analysis of the interview that has been done in 2020, the suggestion of sustainable packaging development is the purpose. The definition of flower basket design was done and surveys of the status of domestic flower basket designs' second packaging were done in accordance with the type of basket which is an object, transportation, and characteristic of a florist shop. For sustainable packaging, based on physical theory, second packaging which depends on the packaging that includes design factor, transportation final destination has to be different. The factors to be considered as sustainable packaging are the quality of opaque paper, the necessity of first packaging, packaging structure that can fix an object, the form of second packaging influenced by types of transportation. Suggestions for packaging development included new materials for first packaging, eco-friendly objects that can be recycled and reused, structural packaging design, standardization and variability of packaging, protection of floristry which is the fundamental purpose of packaging, and brand advertisement effect. Based on the result of this study further designs of packaging will be commercialized. This study is significant for serving the opportunity of new packaging design for futuristic floristry that fit for unmanned system and studying of categories of products.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2021

The most important device of the AGV is the guide sensor, and the typical function of this sensor is high accuracy and extraction of the road. If the accuracy of the guide sensor is low or the sensor device is extracted the wrong track, this causes the problems such as the AGV collision, track-out, the load falling due to AGV swing. In order to improve these problems, this study is proposed a signal processing method of the guide sensor based on multi-maskings and the center of gravity method, and evaluated its performance. As a result, the proposed method showed that the mean error of absolute value is 2.32[mm] and it showed performance improvement of 27[%] than the center of gravity method of existence. Therefore, when the proposed signal processing method is applied, It is thought that the posture control and driving stability of the AGV will be improved.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.259-269
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• 2017

As emerging the '4th Industrial Revolution' by increasing the necessity of the intelligent system recently, 'Autonomic Control System' also has been the important issue. It is necessary to develop the system collecting data of machines and sensors for the autonomic control system to monitor the target system. But it is difficult to collect data because data formats of machines and sensors of the existing factories differ between each manufacturer. Therefore, this paper presents and implements data collecting and processing system that comprise 3 steps including 'ParseBuffer', 'ProcessData' and 'AddToBuffer' by using 'MTConnect' that is standard manufacturing facility data collecting middleware. Through the suggested system, we can get data in a common format usable in an autonomous control system. As a case study, we experimented with the generation and collection of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) data, which is an unattended transportation system in the factory. To accomplish this, we defined the data type in accordance with the MTConnect standard and confirmed the data collected through the proposed system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2016

Since 2000, the market of convenient stores in Korea has developed rapidly due to the explosive growth in single households but it still consists mainly of manual work due to the nature of the domestic industry. Hence the explosive increase in demand in the market is mostly due to workers. Therefore, the research aimed at encouraging efficiency via automation, which is carried out in manufacturing, such as electronic, cars and so on, is inadequate. This study performed a feasibility analysis of investment for introducing an automated system on brand A, which is domestic famous convenience store company. Productivity growth according to the introduction of an automated guided vehicle and the cost-benefits was studied with using a simulation for the picking process, which is most personnel and time consuming. As a result, the simulation showed that the equipment AGV introduced for choosing the process has the effects of cost saving and increased time efficiency for performing manual labor. Furthermore, appropriate numbers of AGV were forecasted considering the capacity of the distribution Center in the brand A convenient store, which has been growing steadily. There are increasing numbers of worker labor costs in the distribution industry these days. Before building a large new automate center, it is expected to provide a good information to investors who are considering increasing productivity through partial automation of each of unit process to achieve some cost reduction.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

AGVS (Automated Guided Vehicle System) is a core technology of logistics automation which automatically moves specific objects or goods within a certain work space. Conventional AGVS generally requires the in-door localization system and each AGV equips expensive sensors such as laser, magnetic, inertial sensors for the route recognition and automatic navigation. thus the high installation cost is inevitable and there are many restrictions on route(path) modification or expansion. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a cost-effective and scalable AGV based on a light-weight pattern recognition technique. The proposed pattern recognition technology not only enables autonomous driving by recognizing the route(path), but also provides a technique for figuring out the loc ation of AGV itself by recognizing the simple patterns(bar-code like) installed on the route. This significantly reduces the cost of implementing AGVS as well as benefiting from route modification and expansion. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we first implement a pattern recognition algorithm on a light-weight MCU(Micro Control Unit), and then verify the results by implementing an MCU_controlled AGV prototype.