• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.587-590
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• 2018

한국어 목적격 조사를 몽골어 격 어미로 번역할 때 한국어 목적격 조사가 몽골어의 여러 격 어미로 번역이 될 수 있는데, 기존의 연구들은 한가지 격 어미로만 번역해 정확한 의미를 전달하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 이런 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 한국어 형태소 분석과 동시에 품사 및 동형이의어 태깅 시스템인 유태거(UTagger)를 기반으로 한국어 목적격 조사의 몽골어 격 어미 결정 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 한국어기초사전에서 데이터를 추출하고 유태거와 비교 실험하였다. 실험 결과 유태거의 정확률은 72%인데 반해 제안한 방법은 94%로 제안한 방법이 22%p 더 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.369-371
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• 2011

한국어-몽골어 구 기반 기계번역시스템은 몽골어와 한국어간의 양방향 기계 번역시스템으로서 개발중인 시스템이다. 두 언어의 구조적 특성이 유사한 점에 기안하여 직접기계번역방식에 구단위 번역과 예제에 기반한 번역방식을 병행하여 문장단위의 번역이 가능하다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

Machine translation (MT) system, especially Korean-Mongolian MT system, has recently attracted much attention due to its necessary for the globalization generation. Korean and Mongolian have the same sentence structure SOV and the arbitrarily changing of their words order does not change the meaning of sentences due to postpositional particles. The particles that are attached behind words to indicate their grammatical relationship to the clause or make them more specific in meaning. Hence, the particles play an important role in the translation between Korean and Mongolian. However, one Korean particle can be translated into several Mongolian particles. This is a major issue of the Korean-Mongolian MT systems. In this paper, to address this issue, we propose a method to use the combination of UTagger and a Korean-Mongolian particles table. UTagger is a system that can analyze morphologies, tag POS, and disambiguate homographs for Korean texts. The Korean-Mongolian particles table was manually constructed for matching Korean particles with those of Mongolian. The experiment on the test set extracted from the National Institute of Korean Language's Korean-Mongolian Learner's Dictionary shows that our method achieved the accuracy of 88.38% and it improved the result of using only UTagger by 41.48%.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.35
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• pp.217-230
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• 2013

근대 이전 몽골 부족의 기록생산은 토바어, 훈누어, 숨베어, 거란어, 한자 등 여러 고대 언어에 의해 십여 종의 기록에 집중되어 있음을 발굴기록을 통해 알 수 있다. 최초의 몽골어 기록생산은 소고도어의 영향을 받은 몽골비사라고 할 수 있다. 소그도어에 기반한 몽골문자는 13세기 이후 몽골의 기록생산에 사용되었으며 위구르어와는 다른 독창적인 문자이다. 칭키즈칸의 석문은 몽골제국의 공문 생산의 증거이며 소그도어로 쓰여졌다. 이후 몽골제국의 기록생산은 몽골제국이 여러 나라에 보낸 기록을 통해 알 수 있다. 몽골의 전통기록은 고지, 포고, 칙서, 임명장 등 여러형태가 있으며, 제목, 본문, 결재 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 본고에서는 몽골 전통문서의 형식과 구성요소에 대한 설명을 제공한다. 17세기 이후 몽골의 공식문서는 13세기의 문서 양식에 기초하고 있다.

• MALSORI
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• no.4
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• pp.2-4
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• 1982

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2018

The paper reviews the adoption of ISO 19152, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) for the enhancement of the current Mongolian cadastral system. It can be said that the current cadastral system is developed for the pure purpose of land registration. There is a need for a comprehensive data model for not only this reason but also reflecting the current problems in the Mongolian cadastral system. The LADM was published by the International Organization for Standardization later in 2012 as an International Standard for modeling cadastral and land administration information for the purpose of providing a common vocabulary(ontology) and efficient system development. This study examined possibilities of adopting the LADM to the cadastral system for Mongolia focused on Land Manager system. Data model of the Land Manager was examined against the corresponding LADM classes and as a result, gaps between each data model have been drawn. Lastly we proposed the LADM-based new data model for Mongolian cadastral system ensuring that the current problems be reflected.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.723-737
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• 2021

This study analyzed the composition and structure of materials with Buddhist paper scriptures excavated from architectural sites in 'Sum Tolgoi' of the 17^th century and carried out conservation treatment base on the result of the analysis. The scriptures were covered in dust and foreign sub stances, and were so crumpled that it was impossible to identify the form. The damage, loss, and discoloration have been identified. Buddhist scriptures written in Tibetan used indigo and ink sticks on paper as a result of UV-Vis analysis, and ink sticks as black character materials from scriptures written ancient Mongolian. SEM-EDS and Micro-XRF analyses revealed that the outlines were drawn with red lines using a mix of Minium (Pb₃O₄) and Cinnabar (HgS), or Cinnabar (HgS) alone, and the contents of the scriptures were written with silver paint. Silver chloride (AgCl) and Calcium (Ca) were identified in the silver paint component of the characters, while Calcium and Orpiment (As₂S₃) were identified in the yellow lines. Concerning the paper ground, Buddhist scriptures written in ancient Mongolian were characterized by herbal plant fiber and bast fiber, and those written in Tibetan, by bast fiber. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the paper for the scriptures was produced between the 15^th and 17^th centuries. Conservation treatment of the scriptures was carried out based on the experiment on the production of pre-coated paper and how to coat that to prevent the second damage due to the deformation and fragility of the excavated paper. The scriptures were preserved and mounted, and a neutral box was made to identify the contents of the scriptures recorded on both sides after the treatment. This conservation treatment is the result of a study that applied new conservation treatment materials and methods according to the principle of conservation treatment reversibility.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.3-16
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• 2010

This study aims at setting the hierarchy of difficulty of the 7 Korean monophthongs for Mongolian learners of Korean according to Prator's theory based on the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. In addition to that, it will be shown that the difficulties and errors for Mongolian learners of Korean as a second or foreign language proceed directly from this hierarchy of difficulty. This study began by looking at the speeches of 60 Mongolians for Mongolian monophthongs; data were investigated and analyzed into formant frequencies F1 and F2 of each vowel. Then, the 7 Korean monophthongs were compared with the resultant Mongolian formant values and are assigned to 3 levels, 'same', 'similar' or 'different sound'. The findings in assessing the differences of the 8 nearest equivalents of Korean and Mongolian vowels are as follows: First, Korean /a/ and /$\wedge$/ turned out as a 'same sound' with their counterparts, Mongolian /a/ and /ɔ/. Second, Korean /i/, /e/, /o/, /u/ turned out as a 'similar sound' with each their Mongolian counterparts /i/, /e/, /o/, /u/. Third, Korean /ɨ/ which is nearest to Mongolian /i/ in terms of phonetic features seriously differs from it and is thus assigned to 'different sound'. And lastly, Mongolian /$\mho$/ turned out as a 'different sound' with its nearest counterpart, Korean /u/. Based on these findings the hierarchy of difficulty was constructed. Firstly, 4 Korean monophthongs /a/, /$\wedge$/, /i/, /e/ would be Level 0(Transfer); they would be transferred positively from their Mongolian counterparts when Mongolians learn Korean. Secondly, Korean /o/, /u/ would be Level 5(Split); they would require the Mongolian learner to make a new distinction and cause interference in learning the Korean language because Mongolian /o/, /u/ each have 2 similar counterpart sounds; Korean /o, u/, /u, o/. Thirdly, Korean /ɨ/ which is not in the Mongolian vowel system will be Level 4(Overdifferentiation); the new vowel /ɨ/ which bears little similarity to Mongolian /i/, must be learned entirely anew and will cause much difficulty for Mongolian learners in speaking and writing Korean. And lastly, Mongolian /$\mho$/ will be Level 2(Underdifferentiation); it is absent in the Korean language and doesn‘t cause interference in learning Korean as long as Mongolian learners avoid using it.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2009

This study explores the geographic characteristics of Hutong(alleyways) in Beijing. The word 'Hutong' originated from the Mongolian language, pronounced 'hottog' and meaning 'well'. In ancient times, people tended to gather and live around wells. After liberation, Beijing witnessed a rapid development in urban construction. A large number of residential areas were established and the number of alleyways in the city increased to over 6,000 from about 3,000 before liberation. In recent years, with the city's further modernization, more and more tall buildings have appeared in Beijing while the number of alleyways has been decreasing. 'Siheyuans(quadrangles)' are buildings with unique architectural features in Beijing's alleyways. In recent year, Siheyuans are changing to guesthouses, shops, bars, souvenir shops, restaurants and so on. Especially Nanluoguxiang(alleyway) is becoming an attractive area for tourism and cultural creativity in the ancient capital Beijing. Since 1990, 25 Hutong districts are protected for historical preservation by the Beijing Municipal Government.