Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Scientific Analysis and Conservation Treatment on the Buddhist Scriptures of Paper Relics Excavated from Sum Tolgoi, Mongolia

몽골 숨 톨고이 출토 지류 유물의 과학적 분석 및 보존처리

  • Bae, Su Bin (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Yang, Min Jeong (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kwon, Yun Mi (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Yoo, Ji Hyun (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jeong, Hee Won (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 배수빈 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 양민정 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 권윤미 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 유지현 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 정희원 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터)
  • Received : 2021.09.24
  • Accepted : 2021.11.23
  • Published : 2021.12.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study analyzed the composition and structure of materials with Buddhist paper scriptures excavated from architectural sites in 'Sum Tolgoi' of the 17th century and carried out conservation treatment base on the result of the analysis. The scriptures were covered in dust and foreign sub stances, and were so crumpled that it was impossible to identify the form. The damage, loss, and discoloration have been identified. Buddhist scriptures written in Tibetan used indigo and ink sticks on paper as a result of UV-Vis analysis, and ink sticks as black character materials from scriptures written ancient Mongolian. SEM-EDS and Micro-XRF analyses revealed that the outlines were drawn with red lines using a mix of Minium (Pb3O4) and Cinnabar (HgS), or Cinnabar (HgS) alone, and the contents of the scriptures were written with silver paint. Silver chloride (AgCl) and Calcium (Ca) were identified in the silver paint component of the characters, while Calcium and Orpiment (As2S3) were identified in the yellow lines. Concerning the paper ground, Buddhist scriptures written in ancient Mongolian were characterized by herbal plant fiber and bast fiber, and those written in Tibetan, by bast fiber. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the paper for the scriptures was produced between the 15th and 17th centuries. Conservation treatment of the scriptures was carried out based on the experiment on the production of pre-coated paper and how to coat that to prevent the second damage due to the deformation and fragility of the excavated paper. The scriptures were preserved and mounted, and a neutral box was made to identify the contents of the scriptures recorded on both sides after the treatment. This conservation treatment is the result of a study that applied new conservation treatment materials and methods according to the principle of conservation treatment reversibility.

본 연구에서는 17세기 '숨 톨고이(Sum tolgoi)' 건축 유적지에서 출토된 지류 경전을 대상으로 재질의 성분 및 구조에 대해 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 보존처리를 진행하였다. 경전은 흙먼지와 이물질이 많고 형태를 알 수 없을 정도로 뭉쳐 있는 상태로 훼손, 결실, 변색 등이 확인되었다. 티베트어로 쓰인 경전은 UV-Vis 분석 결과 쪽과 먹을 종이 바탕에 사용한 것으로, 고대 몽골어 경전은 흑색의 필사 재료가 먹으로 추정되었다. SEM-EDS와 Micro-XRF 분석 결과를 통해 연단(Pb3O4)과 진사(HgS) 혼합 또는 진사(HgS)로 적색 외곽선을 긋고 은니로 경전의 내용을 적었음이 확인되었다. 글씨의 은니는 칼슘과 함께 염화은(AgCl)이 확인되었으며, 황색선에서는 칼슘(Ca)과 석황(As2S3)이 확인되었다. 고대 몽골어 경전의 종이는 초본류 섬유와 인피섬유가 혼합된 특징을, 티베트어 경전은 인피섬유의 특징을 나타냈다. 방사성 탄소동위원소 연대측정 결과, 경전의 바탕으로 사용된 종이가 15-17세기에 제작된 것으로 분석되었다. 경전의 보존처리는 출토된 종이의 형태 변형과 취약함으로 인한 2차 손상을 예방하기 위해 보강지(Pre-coated paper) 제작 및 보강 방법에 대한 실험을 바탕으로 진행하였으며, 처리 후 경전의 보관 및 앞·뒤로 기록된 경전 내용을 확인할 수 있도록 마운팅하고 중성지로 상자를 제작하였다. 이번 보존처리는 보존처리 가역성의 원칙에 따른 새로운 보존처리 재료와 방법을 적용한 연구 결과이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 2021년 국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터의 「유기물 보존처리 및 조사」 연구과제 성과물의 일부이다.

References

  1. Ahn, J.Y., Shin, H.Y., Son, M.K. and Song, J.W., 2015, Scientific Investigation and Conservation of Jocheonillgi (The Dairy of Jocheon) (Treasure No.1007), Journal of Conservation Science, 31(3), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2015.31.3.03
  2. Browning, B.L., 1977, Analysis of Paper. Marcel Dekker, New York, 51-53. (in English)
  3. Cheon, J.H. and Kim, S,H., 2001, Conservation of paper cultural assets, Conservation Science in Museum, 3, 21-27. https://doi.org/10.22790/CONSERVATION.2001.3.0021
  4. Cheon, J.H., 2014, The paper properties of documentation issued by king in the latter period of Joseon dynasty, Ph.D. thesis, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 56. (in Korean with English abstract)
  5. Kwon, Y.M. and Lee, E.W., 2019, Spectrum characteristics of Indigo used in large buddhist paintings using UV - VIS spectrometry. Conservation Science Studies, 41(7), 83-91. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Lim, J.H. and Park, J.S., 2003, Analysis and the conservation treatment of the paper relics of the Seonwon temple area. Journal of Conservation Science, 12(1), 71-82. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Lee, E.W., Gyeong, Y,J., Yoon, J.H., Kwon, Y.M., Song, J.W., Seo, M.S. and Lee, J.J., 2019, Scientific study of characteristics and material properties of hanging painting of Eunhaesa temple. Journal of Conservation Science, 33(6), 431-442. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Lee, J.J., Ahn, J.Y., Yoo, Y.M., Lee, K.M. and Han, M.S., 2017, Diagnosis of coloration status and scientific analysis for pigments to used large buddhist painting (Gwaebultaeng) in Tongdosa temple. Journal of Conservation Science, 33(6), 431-442. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2017.33.6.03
  9. Lee, S.H., 2006, Identification of plant fibers designated on archives as the materials of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). Master's thesis, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 12. (in Korean with English abstract)
  10. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, 2017, Cultural heritage handing manual, 36.
  11. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, 2018, Cultural heritage handing manual, 97.
  12. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2021, The completion of conservation treatment in national research institute of cultural heritage, Korea for buddhist scriptures made of bark around the 17th century by request of Mongolia. https://www.nrich.go.kr/kor/boardView.do?menuIdx=283&bbscd=33&bbs_idx=42424 (September 9, 2021)
  13. Park, Y.S., 2007, A dictionary of color, Yelimbook, Seoul, 138. (in Korean)
  14. Sokolowski, C., 2018, Mending paper with the lightest available Japanese tissue. Book & Paper Group Annual, 37, 165-167.
  15. The Korea Institute of Science and Technology Accelerator (KIST), 2018, Measurement of radioactive carbon content using an acceleration mass spectrometer (AMS). https://blog.naver.com/PostList.naver?blogId=wclim1 (September 5, 2021)