• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

To elucidate alteration of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity of peripheral lymphocytes and helper/inducer and suppressor/cytototxic T cells in patients with thyroid tumors, the author examined PNP activity, and $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ cells of peripheral blood in 20 cases of simple goiter, 9 cases of thyroid adenoma and 20 cases of thyroid cancer as well as 11 cases of adult healthy subjects as control. Diagnoses were established on the basis of commonly accepted clinical and biochemical criteria in simple goiter and were confirmed histopathologically in thyroid adenoma and cancer. All blood was obtained from veins of the patients and control subjects in Pusan National University Hospital during the period of January to August, 1991. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The PNP activity was significantly decreased or tended to be decreased in thyroid adenomas and cancers as compared with control subjects and simple goiters. 2) The percentage of CD8 cells was significantly decreased or tended to be decreased in thyroid cancers as compared with simple goiters, thyroid adenomas and control subjects. 3) The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly increased or tended to be increased in thyroid cancer as compared with simple goiters, thyroid adenomas and control subjects. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that the immunodysfunction in thyroid cancer may be due to decreased suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, and the estimation of PNP activity of peripheral lymphocyte is a helpful test in detecting the immune status in thyroid tumors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 1988

Though the occurrence of multiple primary malignant tumor is a rare finding but the reported cases of it has increased in recent years. We collected multiple primary cancer of different organ, tissue and the multicentric origin of bilaterally paired organs. This paper reports 6 cases of multiple primary malignant tumors which were experienced at Yeungnam university hospital in Taegu during the past 2 years with review of journals. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence of multiple primary cancer was 0.31% for 2 years(1987-1988). 2. The ratio between male and female was 1:1 and mean age of incidence was 54.1 years. 3. The ratio between synchronous and metachronous(interval more than 6 months) was 1:1. 4. The time interval between first and second cancer was average 2.7 years in metachronous cases. 5. The most frequent involved organ was stomach, breast and colon in order of frequency. 6. The incidence of familial cancer associations was found in one out of 6 cases. 7. The test of DNCB, multi test CMI and ratio of T4 to T8 were performed in 4 cases but there was no definitive evidence of abnormality. We concluded that every effort should be made to discover the presence of synchronous malignancies in the patients who are being treated for a known tumor, and also special care should be given to detect new metachronous lesions is required.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.978-983
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• 2006

We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mycelial culture extract from Phellinus linteus (MCPL) for suppression in the process of ethanol-induced inflammation in rat liver. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in the serum of ethanol-treated rats compared to normal. However, the level of ALT was arrested markedly in ethanol-treated rats with MCPL compared to ethanol alone treated control ones. Severe histopathological changes of liver such as cloudy swelling, inflammatory cells infiltration, Kupffer cell reaction and focal necrosis were demonstrated in the rats challenged with ethanol compared with normal. Fewer scores of these changes were observed in MCPL-treated rat with recovered glycogen in centrolobular region of hepatic lobule. The Western analysis showed that the expression of inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ were increased in the ethanol-treated rat. But decline of COX-2 and iNOS expression were observed in MCPL-treated rat. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of COX-2 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ tended to increase in ethanol-treated rat, but decrease of these reactions were induced by MCPL treatment. These results suggest that MCPL may act as a protective agent for alcohol-induced liver injury through a regulating inflammation-related proteins.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1715-1723
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• 2016

The heat extracts of six kinds of medicinal herbs (Scutellaria baicalensis, Sophora flavescens, Citrus unshiu pericarpium, Lonicera japonica, Perilla frutescens, Benincasa hispida) were tested for non-specific immune response and disease resistance effects related with fish diseases on olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The preventive effects of 6 herbal mixtures against bacterial disease on cultured flounder were examined follow as feeding EP absorbed with the heat extract of six kinds of medicinal herbs. For feeding trial for 12th week, weight gain and serum analysis of fish fed various groups were not significant differences. Lysozyme activity of the 0.01 % treated group on 4th week showed significant increase. Histopathology of the administrated group for feeding period showed no particular signs of tissue degeneration. At 0.01% oral experimental group, relative percent survival (RPS) were only 50% to 75% for four weeks and eight weeks group by intraperitoneal injection with E. tarda. The results suggest that heat extracts of six kinds of medicinal herbs (0.01%) would be effective to enhance the nonspecific immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish pathogen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.1260-1265
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• 2020

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric human immunodeficiency virus-associated neoplasm characterized by multiple vascular nodules in the skin, mucous membranes, and viscera. Gastrointestinal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related KS is the most common visceral involvement reported in disseminated disease. Here, we present the findings of a rare case of KS involving multiple organs with abdominal pain and active bleeding in the colon. Multiple intraluminal lesions were found in the terminal ileum, sigmoid colon, and rectum by ileocolonoscopy, and in the jejunum and ileum by fluoroscopy. Abdominopelvic CT revealed multiple enhanced flat lesions in the ileum and enlarged lymph nodes. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology, and antiretroviral therapy was initiated as the treatment of choice for KS. Owing to the increasing number of AIDS patients, it is essential for radiologists and clinicians to be aware of the imaging characteristics of KS to protect physicians from indiscriminate exposure to AIDS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.11 s.268
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• pp.828-837
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• 2006

Background: Tissue hypoxia is characteristic of many human malignant neoplasm, and hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) plays a pivotal role in essential adaptive response to hypoxia, and activates a signal pathway for the expression of the hypoxia-regulated genes, resulting in increasing $O_2$ delivery or facilitating metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Increased level of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ has been reported in many human malignancies, but in non-small cell lung carcinoma the influence of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ on tumor biology, including neovascularization, is not still defined. In present study the relationship of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression on angiogenetic factors, relationship between the tumor proliferation and HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression, interaction of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and p53, and relationship between HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and clinico-pathological prognostic parameters were investigated. Material and Method: Archival tissue blocks recruited in this study were retrieved from fifty-nine patients with primary non-small cell lung carcinoma, who underwent pneumonectomy or lobectomy from 1997 to 1999. HIF-$1{\alpha}$, VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor), and p53 protein expression and Ki-67 labeling index in tumor tissues were evaluated, using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) immunohistochemistry. Relationship between the HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and VEGF, p53 overexpression and correlation between the HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expresseion and Ki-67 index were analyzed. Clinico-pathologic prognostic parameters were also analyzed. Result: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression in cancer cells was found in 24 of 59 cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma(40.7%). High HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was significantly associated with several pathological parameters, such as pathological TMN stage(p=0.004), pT stage(p=0.020), pN stage (p=0.029), and lymphovascular invasion(p=0.019). High HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was also significantly associated with VEGF immunoreactivity(p<0.001), and aberrant p53 expression(p=0.040). but was marginally associated with Ki-67 labeling index(p=0.092). The overall 5-year survival rate was 42.3%. The survival curve of patients with a high HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was worse than that of patients with low-expression(p=0.002). High HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression was independent unfavorable factors with a marginal significance in multivariate analysis performed by Cox regression. Conclusion: It is suggested that high HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression may be associated with intratumoral neovascularization possibly through HIF-VEGF pathway, and high HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression could be associated with lymph node metastasis and post operative poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2002

닭의 전신장기에 림프종 발생이 특정인 마렉병(Marek's disease; MD)은 림프구성 백혈병(Lymphoid leukosis; LL)과 병리학적 소견이 매우 유사하여 감별이 요구된다. 마렉병 바이러스(Marek's disease virus; MDV)는 질병초기에서 후기에 이르기까지 모낭상피세포에 세포용해성 감염을 지속적으로 일으킨다. 세포용해성 감염이 있는 모낭상피세포는 변성내지 괴사되어 있고 핵내봉입체가 관찰된다. 또한 세포용해성 감염이 있는 모낭상피세포 바로 밑의 진피와 깃털 수질(feather pulp)내의 혈관주위에 림프구 침윤이 관찰된다. 이러한 피부병변은 MD의 특징적인 병변들로서 LL과 감별할 수 있는 결정적인 단서이다. 본 고에서는 MD에 관한 전반적인 것과 특히 MD 진단을 위한 피부병변의 유용성에 대해서 자세히 논하고자 한다. 양계산업에 문제를 야기하고 있는 림프구 증식성 종양은 크게 마렉병(Marek’s disease; MD)과 백혈병(Lymphoid leukosis; LL)이 있다. 이들 질환의 원인체들이 분리되기 전까지는 이들 질병들은 발병부위에 따라 질병명을 붙였다. 즉, 내부장기냐 근육에 발생한 것은 visceral lymphomatosis, 피부에 발생한 것은 skin leukosis, 말초신경의 병변은 poly­n neuritis, neuritis, neurolymphomatosis gallinarum, range paralyis로 불리었다. 또한 눈에 발생한 것은 blindness, gray eye, iritis, uveitis, ocular lymphomatosis라고 불리었다. 1961년에 Biggs는 이러한 림프구 증식성 질병을 마렉병과 백혈병 으로 분류하자는 제안을 하였고, 드디어 1960년대 중반에 림프구 증식성 병변 중의 일부에서 herpesvirus가 분리되어서 Biggs가 제안한 병명인 마렉병을 본격적으로 사용하게 되었다. MD는 마렉병 바이러스(Marek’s disease virus; MDV)가 원 인제로서 닭에 전염성이 강한 염증성에서 종양성의 병변을 내부장기, 피부, 근육, 안구, 중추신경계, 말초신경계 등에 일 으킨다. MDV는 림프종을 유발하기 때문에 처음에는 사람에서 림프종을 유발하는 Epstein-Bar 바이러스와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되어 gamma-herpesvirus로 분류되었지만, MDV의 게놈 구조와 세포배양에서 빠르게 성장한다는 점 때문에 지금은 alpha-herpesvirus로 재분류 되었다. MDV는 바이러스 중화시험과 한천 겔 침강법에 의해서 3개의 혈청형으로 분류 된다. 혈청형 1은 종양원성 바이러스와 종양원성 바이러스의 계대배양에 의한 약독주가 있다. 혈청형 2는 자연적으로 발 생하는 비종양원성 닭의 MDV이고, 혈정형 3은 바종양원성 칠면조 herpesvirus (HVT)이다. 림프종을 유발하는 MDV 감염은 4개의 과정, 즉 초기 세포용해성 감염, 잠복감염, 후기 세포용해성 감염, 마지막으로 종양화로 나눌 수 있다. 감염의 경로를 보면, 흡입된 MDV는 폐의 대식세포에 감염한 후 전선 장기로 MDV를 전파 시킨다. 특히, 흉선, F냥, 비장 등의 림프구에 초기 세포용해성 감염을 일으키는데, B 림프구가 주로 감염된다. 세포용해성 감염음 방어하기 위해 몰려든 T 림프구가 활성화가 되면, T 세포도 감염되게 된다. 잠복감염은 여러 가지 사이토카인 등 을 포함한 면역반응에 의해서 일어나며, 이 때 잠복감염된 세포는 특히 혈중의 T 세포라고 한다. 혈중 MDV 감염세포 는 피부 모낭상피세포, 선장 등 상피세포 유래의 조직에 MDV를 전파 시켜서 이들 조직에서 후기 세포용해성 감염이 일어나게 한다. 후기 세포용해성 감염을 유발하는 것은 이러한 MDV가 감염된 혈중 림프구라는 증거는 혈중의 세포 외에는 감염성 바이러스가 없기 때문이다. 후기 세포용해성 감염이 있는 후 육안적 혹은 현미경적으로 검출이 가능한 림프종이 여러 장기에서 관찰된다. MDV가 감염되면 병변 발생부위에 따라서 다양한 임상증상이 발생한다. 즉 내부장기에 병변이 있을 경우는 침울, 체중감소, 산란율 저하 등이 발생하며, 신경계는 발생부위별 신경증상이 일어난다. 이러한 장기나 조직에서는 육안적으로 백색에서 회백색의 종양성 병변이 관찰된다. 말초신경에 병변이 발생한 경우에는 특히 좌골신경 및 신경총에서 호발하는데, 이들 조직은 편측성 혹은 양측성으로 종창되어 있다. 안구는 간혹 육안적으로 식별이 가능한 홍채 퇴색 및 증식 병변이 관찰된다. 피부형 MD는 특히 육용계에서 문제가 되고 있으며, 산란계의 내장형 MD가 발생한 경우에도 피부를 자세히 설펴보면 피부형 MD를 간혹 관찰할 수 있다. 피부형 MD는 모낭주위에 원형의 결절형태로 발생하는데, 이들 병변이 커지면 바로 옆의 병변과 융합 되어 큰 결절을 형성하기도 한다. (중략)

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.359-370
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• 1998

Eight cases of chonproblastoma were studied by analyzing the clinical and pathologic findings. The age of eight cases ranged from 17 to 38 years old(median age, 22.7 years old). The tumors developed in the femur(3 cases), patella(2 cases), tibia(1 case), fibula(l case), and ulna(1 case). The mean diameter of tumors was 4.0cm (range, 1.5 to 8.0cm). Grossly, tumors showed grayish brown solid area with foci of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. Histologically, the tumor cells were round or polygonal in shape with nuclear groove. And there were chondroid differentiation(7 cases), mitosis(3 cases), calcific deposits(3 cases), secondary aneurysmal bone cyst(4 cases), hemosiderin deposits(4 cases), necrosis(3 cases), vascular invasion(1 caes), and foamy histiocytes and cholesterol cleft(l cases). All cases showed no metastasis to lymph node and distant organ. Seven cases (87.5%) were immunoreactive for S-100 protein. None was immunoreactive for cytokeratin.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 비폐쇄성 무정자증 환자에서 나타나는 정자형성과정의 이상과 고환세포의 세포자연사와의 연관관계 여부를 확인하였다. 또한 SELDI-TOF MS 분석을 통하여 고환 내 단백질 발현 양상을 확인하고, 질환에 따른 효과적인 biomarker 개발 가능성 여부를 확인하였다. 재료 및 방법: RT-PCR 및 면역조직화학법을 사용하여 고환에서의 Fas, FasL, Bcl-2, Bax와 Caspase-3의 발현 양상을 확인하고, in situ DNA 3'-end-labelling 방법으로 고환세포의 세포자연사 양상을 확인하였다. SELDI-TOF MS 분석법에 의한 고환의 병리학적 소견에 따른 단백질 발현 변화는 소수성 칩 ($H_4$)을 사용하여 분자량 10~100 kDa 범위 내에서 분석하였다. 결 과: 정상적인 정자형성과정을 보이는 폐쇄성 무정자증 환자의 고환에 비해 지주세포 증후군 (Sertoli cell only syndrome)과 성숙정지 (maturation arrest)를 보이는 고환 내 생식세포와 지주세포에서 세포자연사가 현저하게 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 세포자연사 관련인자들의 발현 양상을 확인한 결과, 지주세포 증후군과 성숙정지 환자군에서 Fas와 FasL mRNA의 발현이 증가하였으나, bcl-2, bax와 caspase-3 mRNA 발현의 경우에는 두 질환 모두에서 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. FasL 단백질 발현의 경우, 세포자연사의 증가가 관찰되었던 지주세포 증후군과 성숙정지를 보이는 환자의 간질세포와 지주세포에서 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. SELDI-TOF MS 분석 결과에서 폐쇄성 무정자증 환자군에 비해 전체적인 단백질 발현양이 지주세포 증후군과 성숙정지 환자의 고환에서 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, 특히, 16.730 kDa 단백질의 현저한 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 결 론: 본 연구결과를 통해 비폐쇄성 무정자증 환자에서 나타나는 정자형성과정의 장애는 생식세포의 비정상적인 세포자연사와 연관되어 있으며, 고환 내 Fas와 FasL의 비정상적인 발현이 주된 원인인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, SELDI-TOF MS 분석법을 통한 단백질 발현 양상의 연구는 무정자증 환자에서의 다양한 병리학적 소견을 쉽게 파악할 수 있는 biomarker 발굴뿐만 아니라 질환의 원인규명을 위한 연구에도 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2002

All kinds of tissue valves must be pretreated for the inactivation of immunologic properties and the strengthening of tissue before implantation. However, the tissue valves are gradually denatured with the calcification process and they eventually lose their functions. Recent reports have shown the existence of specific calcium binding non collagenous proteins in the calcified area of implanted biomaterials. This experiment was intended to confirm the effect of pretreatment with RGDS(Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) tetrapeptide on the calcification of subcutaneously implanted bovine pericardium in rats. RGDS tetrapeptide has the same amino acid sequence of attachment site of specific calcium binding non collagenous proteins. Material and Method: All bovine pericardial pieces were fixed with 0.6% glutaraldehyde. The pretreatments were done using 5 different methods, groupI, with normal saline for 60 minutes, groupII, with 0.5% GRSD(Gly-Arg-Scr-Asp) tetrapeptide solution for 60 minutes, group III : with 0.5% RGDS(Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) tctrapeptide for 30 minutes, group IV ; with 0.5% RGDS for 60 minutes, and group V : with 0.5% RGDS for 120 minutes. The pretreated bovine pericardial pieces were implanted subcutaneously at the abdominal sites of rats. 30 days after the implantation, the implanted bovine pericardial tissue were examined radiologically, biochemically, and histologically to measure the severity of calcification. Result: On the radiological examination, group I ; 68.42$\pm$3.06, group II , 64.25$\pm$5.58 showed significant difference with group III: 48.00$\pm$3.57, group IV; 43.67$\pm$2.31, and group V ; 2.58$\pm$2.47(p<0.05). There was no difference between group I and II(p=0.105). On the biochemical examination, the amount of calcium in group I was , 33.09$\pm$6.59 mg, in group II ; 28.12$\pm$5.50mg, in group III ; 25.42$\pm$7.67mg, in group Ⅵ ; 20.51$\pm$5.11mg, and in group V : 15.43$\pm$4.25mg.