• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2016

Eruca sativa (known as rocket plant) is a member of the Brassicaceae, which is considered an important chemo-preventive plant family. Although Eruca sativa has positive biological effects such as antioxidant and renal protective activities, the effect of the Eruca sativa extract as a therapeutic agent for skin whitening has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the applicability of the extract of Eruca sativa as a functional materials by examining the its physiological activities. The Eruca sativa extract showed low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations (below 100 mg/L) that showed none or little cytotoxicity, the Eruca sativa extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity (ID50, 17.60 mg/L). In addition, the Eruca sativa extract inhibited tyrosinase activity ($ID_{50}$, 132.54 mg/L) and decreased melanin content ($ID_{50}$, 158.90 mg/L). Finally, the treatment with the Eruca sativa extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggested that the Eruca sativa extract inhibited melanin synthesis by not only suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression but also directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Therefore, these results indicate that the Eruca sativa extract may be an effective material for functional cosmetics such as skin whitening materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.344-348
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• 2018

We investigated the application of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities of Abelmoschus esculentus extract. A. esculentus extract had a low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations showing little or no cytotoxicity, A. esculentus extract showed high a DPPH radical scavenging activity ($ID_{50}$, $5.24{\mu}g/mL$), inhibited tyrosinase activity ($ID_{50}$, $102.12{\mu}g/mL$), and decreased melanin content ($ID_{50}$, $17.85{\mu}g/mL$). The treatment of B16F10 cells with A. esculentus extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that A. esculentus extract inhibits melanin synthesis in murine melanoma B16F10 cells by suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression, as well as directly inhibits tyrosinase activity simultaneously. Additionally, A. esculentus extract promotes the expression of involucrin, which is related to skin barrier protection. These results indicate that A. esculentus extract is an appropriate material for improving skin barrier function.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2021

This study investigated various physiological activities to examine the applicability of the functional materials of Allium tuberosum root extract. The A. tuberosum root extract showed a low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. It also showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity (ID50, 6.2 ㎍/mL), inhibited tyrosinase activity (ID50, 115.4 ㎍/mL), and decreased melanin content (ID50, 31.5 ㎍/mL). Treatment of B16F10 cells with A. tuberosum root extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that A. tuberosum root extract inhibits melanin synthesis by suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression. Additionally, A. tuberosum root extract inhibited elastase with an ID50 value of 145.1 ㎍/mL and contained isoquercitrin. These results indicate that A. tuberosum root extract is an appropriate natural material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2014

This study was aimed to investigate skin whitening effects of Nomura's jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) hydrolyzed extracts (NHE). The extracts were prepared through the hydrolysis of N. nomurai using commercial proteolytic enzymes such as Protamex, Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Neutrase with optimum pHs (pH 5-8) at $55^{\circ}C$. Their whitening activities were examined from the inhibition of melanin synthesis using B16-F1 cell lines. Among the examined samples, Neutrase-treated extract (N-NHE) showed the most significant inhibition effect on melanin synthesis by 89.9% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. This sample decreased the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 (tyrosinase related protein-1) proteins as well. These results suggested the potential application of NHE as whitening ingredients in cosmetic preparation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.736-741
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• 2000

The abilities of petroleum ether-extracts prepared from 75 plants to inhibit tyrosinase activity were evaluated in reverse micelles composed of isooctane/AOT(100 mM)/phosphate buffer(20 mM, pH 8.0) containing tyrosinase(105.3 units/mL) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(0.18 mM). Compared with control which has no plant extracts, garlic could completely inhibit in vitro melanogenesis by tyrosinase, and Chinese quince, sweet potato, onion, radish bud and apple did more than 60%. Lipophilic extracts of medicinal plants and herbs such as rosemary, coriander, cinnamomi ramulus, crataegii fructus, ramulus biotae folium, mume fructus, menthae herba, eucommiae cortex and clove also inhibited tyrosinase activity more than 60%. When the extraction yield of lipophilic materials was considered together with their inhibition effect on tyrosinase, it was possible to select plants of which tyrosinase inhibitors could be produced in high quantity from unit weight. Using reverse micelles, the analysis of the capacity of lipophilic materials to inhibit tyrosinase activity which was difficult up to present could be possible.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

To obtain effective and safe depigmenting agents, we investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma, a medicine among Chinese herbs, on melanogenesis. Dried S. rhizoma was refluxed with 70% aqueous ethanol and the extract was evaporated to dryness. To determine the effects as a whitening agent, various in vitro tests were performed such as free radical scavenging activity, melanin formation assay, tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2(western blot and RT-PCR) in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma showed scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}\;of\;638{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $21.7{\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S. rhizoma significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma treatment(48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% at 100{\mu}g/mL$ and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in protein and mRNA level. These results suggest that S. rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, S. rhizoma may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2016

We investigated the application of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities of Geranium krameri extract obtained from the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. Geranium krameri extract had a low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations with little or no cytotoxicity, Geranium krameri extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$, $8.72{\mu}g/mL$) and anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Additionally, Geranium krameri extract inhibited tyrosinase activity ($IC_{50}$, $456.86{\mu}g/mL$) and decreased melanin content ($IC_{50}$, $50.35{\mu}g/mL$). The treatment of B16F10 cells with Geranium krameri extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Geranium krameri extract inhibits melanin synthesis in murine melanoma B16F10 cells by suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression, as well as directly inhibits tyrosinase activity simultaneously.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2012

This study involved observation of the inhibitory effect of 70% EtOH and water extracts from Doinseunggitang on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, and western blotting using B16F10 melanoma cells. Doinseunggitang extracts inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dependent manner. As a result, it was found that Doinseunggitang 70% EtOH extracts inhibit melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, respectively, by 40% and 51%. In addition, western blotting analysis showed that 70% EtOH extracts inhibited tyrosinase, MITF, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expression. These results show that 70% ethanol extracts of Doinseunggitang could be developed as a skin whitening material in cosmetics.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the whitening effect of organic solvent extracts from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. We prepared different concentrations (50%, 70% and 100%) of ethanol, methanol, 100% ethyl acetate and water extracts. We tested melanin inhibitory effect and tyrosinase activity using B16/F10 melanoma cell. As a result, treatment of organic solvent extracts is decreased the biosynthesis of melanin and tyrosinase activity to 36 ~ 86%. Especially the 70% ethanol extracts was the most effective in B16/F10 melanoma cells. In the study on melanogenic protein expression, 70% ethanol extracts of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans blocked glycosylation of tyrosinase. Therefore this result suggests that 70% ethanol extracts could be developed as skin whitening agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.816-821
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the whitening effect of mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the mulberry leaf extract. The culture broth inhibited melanin synthesis in vitro in the concentration dependent manner of 10 to 50%. The mulberry leaf extract itself has a cytotoxicity to the mouse melanoma cell, B16BL6 with the value of IC$_{50}$ of 7% concentration. But the culture broth of P. japonica in the mulberry leaf extract did not show any cytotoxicity up to 50%. Therefore, we concluded the mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the extract of mulberry leaf can be used as a whitening cosmetic resource.