• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.8 s.258
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2000

초기 시대부터 로마의 힘과 영광은 어떠한 잠재적인 적에 비교해도기술 및 효과면에서 비교되지 않을 정도였던 군사제도의 탁월함에서 기인하였다. 로마 제국 초기 3세기 반 동안에 군사제도의 여러 가지 면에서 다양한 변화가 있었다. 그러한 변화 중 일부는 시간의 경과에 따른 자연스러운 것이었고, 또 일부의 변화들은 내부적인 긴장과 갈등 때문에 비롯되었고, 또 다른 변화들은 외부의 적으로부터 고무된 것이었다. 로마 군사 제도의 우월성과 그에 따른 제국의 계속된 영광은 로마인의 실제적인 문제들에대한 실용적 및 논리적인 접근태도에 많은 부분 기인하였다.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.5 s.255
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 2000

로마군이 이룩한 군사적 혁신 중의 하나는 포진법과 야전 축성술에 있었다. 전투 중 매일 밤 로마군은 야전 축성을 하였다. 그리하여 로마로부터 그들이 멀리 떨어져 주둔하거나 다른 동료부대로부터 아무리 멀리 떨어져 주둔하더라도, 로마군 부대는 언제나 안전한 기지를 만들었고, 지휘관들은 공격 혹은 방어 전투를 실행할 수 있었다. 야전 축성은 신속하게 이루어졌고, 축성 작업 중에 모든 병사들은 자신이 담당할 특수한 임무를 받았으며 훈련을 통하여 로마군은 축성술에 익숙해져 있었다.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.11 s.261
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2000

5세기 초반 로마인들은 아드리아노플 전투의 재앙스러웠던 교훈으로 인하여 그들의 군사제도를 조정하는 데에 열중하였는데, 그들은 특히 훈족 기마 궁수병의 효과에 감탄하였다. 이것은 페르시안과의 전투 경험과 결합되어 로마 기병의 발전에 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같은 새로운 형태의 로마 기병은 처음에는 경무장이었고 조직과 훈련면에서 야만인 페데라티와 구분되었다. 로마의 기병은 서서히 무거운 갑옷을 입게 되고 창, 칼 및 방패를 활과 함께 휴대하기 시작하였다.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.12 s.262
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 2000

5세기 초반 로마인들은 아드리아노플 전투의 재앙스러웠던 교훈으로 인하여 그들의 군사제도를 조정하는 데에 열중하였는데, 그들은 특히 훈족 기마 궁수병의 효과에 감탄하였다. 이것은 페르시안과의 전투 경험과 결합되어 로마 기병의 발전에 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같은 새로운 형태의 로마 기병은 처음에는 경무장이었고 조직과 훈련면에서 야만인 페데라티와 구분되었다. 로마의 기병은 서서히 무거운 갑옷을 입게 되고 창, 칼 및 방패를 활과 함께 휴대하기 시작하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.4031-4040
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of masonry techniques on Roman ancient architecture. Opus so means masonry, has many types and techniques and still we use that word. Roman masonry technique appears to be very diverse kinds throughout to try and change the outcome of new technology. Depending on the use of materials the process can distinguished in three courses. First, just use only stones and bricks. Second is the use of concrete that is advanced to cement structure. Third is the use of air-dried bricks and grilled bricks. Roman masonry ranges of techniques not limited to the construction of the resulting but created a variety of architectural language. Architectural space is based on a comprehensive development of masonry techniques.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.865-872
• /
• 2024

Loperamide-induced constipation reduced gastric emptying, small-intestinal and colonic motility, and these effects were prevented by Fruit and vegetable complex extracts(FVCE). In this study, the effects of FVCE on constipated male Sprague-Dawley rats induced by loperamide(3 mg/kg, s.c.,14 days) were investigated. Rats were randomly assigned to the normal control rats(regular diet), constipated rats(regular diet plus loperamide), constipated rats treated with 200 mg FVCE(regular diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg/day FVCE plus loperamide), constipated rats treated with 400 mg FVCE(regular diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg/day FVCE plus loperamide). There was less fecal excretion and lower fecal water content in loperamide-treated rats than in control rats. Oral administration of FVCE blocked the decrease of fecal excretion and fecal water content in the loperamide-treated rats. Mucus production of crypt cell and mucus contents at fecal and mucosa surface were reduced by loperamide-treated rat. But colonic crypt cell contained increased mucin in the FVCE treated group and mucus layer stained with alcian blue was significantly thicker in FVCE treated rats compared with in loperamide-treated rats. In isolated rat ileum, loperamide produced inhibition of ileal motility. Pretreatment with water extracts of FVCE in isolated rat ileum prevented inhibition by loperamide. These findings indicated that the FVCE was effective for alleviation of inhibition of colonic peristalsis by loperamide and that FVCE might be of value in the prevention of constipation.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.6 s.256
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2000

제2차 포에니 전쟁이 끝난 후 150년 동안 진행된 로마의 변화와 무질서 현상은 군대에 그대로 반영되었다. 병사 개개인의 무능력과 로마인의 시민으로서 및 군사적인 의무 수행이라는 미덕의 퇴화에도 불구하고 로마의 군사 제도는 군의 탁월성을 가져다 준 기본적인 원칙의 바탕 위에 아직 남아 있었다. 그것은 규칙, 군기, 훈련, 융통성 및 공세 행동의 효율성에 대한 무한한 신뢰 등의 요소이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2023

This study investigates the garden vision of the Ancient Rome, focusing on garden literature in the Natural History by Pliny the Elder. Ancient Roman garden's types, character, and forms greatly influenced the development of later Western gardens, to which the practical and professional texts of Pliny the Elder and others contributed. This study explores the garden visions projected in these texts, with an introduction of Roman garden forms and stylistic features. The Natural History and other garden and agricultural texts written during the Ancient Roman period are characterized by their focus on practical production spaces rather than abstract nature or garden art. In the Natural History, Pliny described botanics in terms of usefulness rather than pleasure, and his discussion is premised on the practical hortus. In ancient Roman society, gardens were not only spaces for practical production and relaxation, and places to reproduce or realize the ideals of Roman rulers and intellectuals, including Pliny. They shared the episteme that sought to encompass knowledge of the entire world they ruled and, in doing so, realize their vision of the Roman Empire. Through the Natural History, Pliny sought to embrace useful knowledges of his time into the vast civilized world of the Roman Empire, and the garden was an important place to practice this ideal.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.345-354
• /
• 2003

The Greek theater was the first one which was built artificially and the Roman theater was erected as creative form following the Greek theater The style of these ancient theaters has influenced modern theater. In terms of the purpose and function of the theater, the Greek was derived from religious purpose but the Roman was derived for amusement. We can observe several differences in comparing the Greek with the Roman theater. In the shape of the theater, the Greek theater was dignified and grand and had an open-air structure, but the Roman theater was splendid and ornamental and had a roof over the stage. In the character of the theater, the Greek theater was democratic but the Roman theater was partial. The Greek and Roman theaters have became one source of the modern theater as the Greek and Roman plays have became the source of the modern play, although there are several differences according to the social and dramatic characters.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.366-375
• /
• 2017

Researching Stromatolites spread all over Gyeong-San, province Gyeongsangbukdo, it raise an objection for preservation of original state caused by natural weathering, artificial destruction, illegal emission and enviromental pollution. Stromatolites in Gyeong-San was formed on lake Meszoic era cretaceous. So it is representative rock of geological feature of sediment formed in water and landscape. It could be used as educational data on mesozoic stratum and earth surface, and resources of observation and experience program. It could apply as educational venue place in terms of Mesozoic era cretaceous motif. And it is managed various programs appling 4H (Healing, Hiking, Hand, History) experience program based on local community. And it is concerned software program introducing augumented reality, furthermore discuss with related field.