• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.1 s.91
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• pp.12-21
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• 2006

This study analyzed the characteristics of single-harvested pepper flakes and investigated the effects of the addition of red and green pepper flakes on the quality of various dressings. Moisture contents of red and green pepper flakes were $14.57{\pm}0.13%\;and\;11.86{\pm}0.12%$, capsaicinoids contents on a dry-weight basis were $207.91{\pm}6.68\;mg/100\;g\;and\;172.32{\pm}5.94\;mg/100\;g$, and total free sugars were $21.63{\pm}1.81%\;and\;12.49{\pm}0.56%$, respectively. ASTA color of red pepper flakes was $150.93{\pm}4.56$. Viable cell numbers of red and green pepper flakes were $3.9X10^4\;CFU/g\;and\;5.2X10^5\;CFU/g$, respectively. The pH values in French dressing and Italian dressing, with added red and green pepper flakes, were slightly increased, but not in American Caesar dressing. Acidity and viscosity weren't statistically different in the 3 kinds of dressings by the addition of red and green pepper flakes. The color difference $({\Delta}E^*_{ab})$ for the storage periods was calculated in each dressing and that of American Caesar dressing with added red pepper flakes was extremely high. Viable cell number in each dressing was maintained at 2 log CFU/g during the storage periods. The sensory characteristics during the storage periods were assessed by members of a trained panel, and showed that the color and pungency of red and green flakes increased the overall preference in the Italian dressing and American Caesar dressing.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.457-472
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• 2011

To elucidate the trophic role of heterotrophic nano- and microplankton (HNMP), we investigated their biomass, community structure, and herbivory in three different water masses, namely, south of Polar Front (SPF), Polar Front Zone (PFZ), the Sub-Antarcitc Front (SAF) in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean, during the austral summer in 2002. We observed a spatial difference in the relative importance of the dominant HNMP community in these water masses. Ciliates accounted for 34.7% of the total biomass on an average in the SPF where the concentration of chlorophyll-a was low with the dominance of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Moreover, the importance of ciliates declined from the SPF to the SAF. In contrast, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDFs) were the most dominant grazers in the PFZ where the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high with the dominance of net phytoplankton. HNMP biomass ranged from 321.9 to 751.4 $mgCm^{-2}$ and was highest in the PFZ and lowest in the SPF. This result implies that the spatial dynamic of HNMP biomass and community was significantly influenced by the composition and concentration of phytoplankton as a food source. On an average, 75.6%, 94.5%, and 78.9% of the phytoplankton production were consumed by HNMP in the SPF, PFZ, and SAF, respectively. The proportion of phytoplankton grazed by HNMP was largely determined by the composition and biomass of HNMP, as well as the composition of phytoplankton. However, the herbivory of HNMP was one of the most important loss processes affecting the biomass and composition of phytoplankton particularly in the PFZ. Our results suggest that the bulk of the photosynthetically fixed carbon was likely reprocessed by HNMP rather than contributing to the vertical flux in Drake Passage during the austral summer in 2002.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2008

Seawater samples were collected at discrete depths from five stations across the polar front in the Drake Passage (Antarctic Ocean) by the $20^{th}$ Korea Antarctic Research Program in December, 2006. Nitrate concentrations of seawater increase with depth within the photic zone above the depth of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). In contrast, ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of seawater nitrate decrease with depth, showing a mirror image to the nitrate variation. Such a distinct vertical variation is mainly attributed to the degree of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton as well as organic matter degradation of sinking particles within the surface layer. The preferential $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ assimilation by the phytoplankton causes $^{15}{NO_3}^-$ concentration to become high in a closedsystem surface-water environment during the primary production, whereas more $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ is added to the seawater during the degradation of sinking organic particles. The water-mass mixing seems to play an important role in the alteration of ${\delta}^{15}N$ values in the deep layer below the UCDW. Across the polar front, nitrate concentrations of surface seawater decrease and corresponding ${\delta}^{15}N$ values increase northward, which is likely due to the degree of nitrate utilization during the primary production. Based on the Rayleigh model, the calculated ${\varepsilon}$ (isotope effect of nitrate uptake) values between 4.0%o and 5.8%o were validated by the previously reported data, although the preformed ${\delta}^{15}{{NO_3}^-}_{initial}$ value of UCDW is important in the calculation of ${\varepsilon}$ values.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2003

The axial seamount basalts in the P3 segment of the Phoenix Ridge were obtained from dredging and the K-Ar age determination and whole-rock geochemical analyses have been done for understanding their origin. The K-Ar ages for PRS basalts sampled from 1,000m below sea level are 2.6-2.2 Ma and those for PR3 basalts from 800m are 1.6-1.5 Ma. The younger ages towards the crest of the seamount indicate that this submarine volcano has been grown by central eruptions. The youngest age of about 1.5 Ma for PR3 basalts corresponds to the final eruption period of this volcano. The seamount basalts contain small amounts of normative quartz and olivine. They have transitional geochemical nature between alkaline- and subalkaline-series basalts. Trace and rare earth elements compositions of the seamount basalts are very similar to those of ocean island basalts (OIB), and indicate that this seamount has been formed by a hotspot activity, not in association with a seafloor spreading. The melting degree from the source has decreased with time, and finally the volcanic activity has stopped when the basaltic magma reached mild alkaline composition.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.11B
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• pp.1546-1555
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• 2001

Conventionally, in a CDMA system analysis, we assume only a single path within one chip duration. But, in this paper, we assume various number of multipaths within one chip duration according to spreading bandwidth in fixed channel model. Thus we take into account of the effects of autocorrelation and relative phases among multipath components within one chip duration according to different bandwidth, and analyze fading effects. And we derive the pdf of output signal. Then, we derive the average error probability versus the number of users from derived pdf. We use a Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) RAKE receiver under the JTC channel model which is one of the popular realistic wideband channel models. And we employ hybrid FDMA/CDMA systems to compare the performance of W-CBMA system for the same occupied total bandwidth. Then, we compare and analyze them for different bandwidth based on the number of users as a parameter. From the simulation results for different bandwidth, better performance can be obtained for wider bandwidth system where more resolvable multipath components are available.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1A
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• pp.37-52
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• 2004

In this paper, Multistage Adaptive Partial PIC eliminating effectively the multiple access and multipath interference for DS-CDMA based W-CDMA uplink system is designed and its performance is evaluated with computer simulation. By adaptively controlling the slope of the soft limiter with received signals, the efficiency of the soft limiter can be maximized and the better performance is obtained by solving error floor problem using further precise generation of interference signal. As a result, The proposed Multistage Adaptive Partial PIC with simple optimizing method for time-variant channel showed optimum performance at fewer stages. Besides fewer stages, the interference cancellation at the output of the rake receiver considerably reduced system complexity. The Multistage Adaptive Partial PIC with precise generation and efficient cancellation of interference signal can solve error eoor problem, resulted from initial false detection and improve system performance of high data rate system.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce a big data platform and a metadata management technique for fishery science R & D information. The big data platform collects and integrates various types of fisheries science R & D information and suggests how to build it in the form of a data lake. In addition to existing data collected and accumulated in the field of fisheries science, we also propose to build a big data platform that supports diverse analysis by collecting unstructured big data such as satellite image data, research reports, and research data. Next, by collecting and managing metadata during data extraction, preprocessing and storage, systematic management of fisheries science big data is possible. By establishing metadata in a standard form along with the construction of a big data platform, it is meaningful to suggest a systematic and continuous big data management method throughout the data lifecycle such as data collection, storage, utilization and distribution.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1993

Egg production in Korea was 393 thousand M/T in 1990. More than 10 thousand M/T egg was imported and the amount imported has increased every year. Despite consumption tendency of increasing processed food, creation of additional demand is not likely because domestic egg consumption mainly depends upon table eggs. Processed eggs for marketing in Korea could be classified into two kinds. One is primary processed eggs including liquid eggs and egg powders. The other is secondary processed eggs which are further processed such as egg flake and egg curd. In addition to the above egg products, specific nutrient fortified eggs are produced through the modified feed formula and breeding techniques. The technologies developed so far including Korean patents are introduced. Convenient foods using egg and nutrient controlled eggs will be popular in the near future. For example, low cholesterol egg and polyunsaturated fatty acid fortified egg will be produced to meet the consumer demand. However, facing problems such as introducing egg quality grading systems and extending the short shelf-life of washed eggs should be solved as well.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 1982

Using piston type extruder, barley flour was extruded at various processing conditions, The used variables were three shear rates (apparent shear rate 118, 534, $1169sec^{-1}$), four extrusion temperatures(90, 120, 150, $180^{\circ}C$) and three moisture contents (15, 25, 35%). The rheological properties and the extrudate quality were monitored in extrusion. Barley flour showed pseudoplastic behavior having average power law index 0.28 in used shear rate range. When viewed from general appearance, die swell, density, water uptake, rehydration swell and gelatinization degree of extrudate, $25{\sim}35%$ moisture and $120^{\circ}C$ temperature was suitable processing condition for noodle-like product, and 25% moisture and $150^{\circ}C$ temperature was good for snack or flake product. Moisture content of the extrudate can be pretty well estimated from energy balance at higher temperature and higher moisture content.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

As an organization or organization grows in size, many different types of data are being generated in different systems. There is a need for a way to improve efficiency by processing data smarter in different systems. Just like DataLake, we are creating a single domain model that accurately describes the data and can represent the most important data for the entire business. In order to realize the benefits of a DataLake, it is import to know how a DataLake may be expected to work and what components architecturally may help to build a fully functional DataLake. DataLake components have a life cycle according to the data flow. And while th data flows into a DataLake from the point of acquisition, its meta-data is captured and managed along with data traceability, data lineage, and security aspects based on data sensitivity across its life cycle. According to this reason, we have designed the DataLake Framework based on Abyss Storage Cluster.