• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

The use of a rubber dam is a useful technique for protecting patients and operators, producing good results when treating children and adolescent patients. Despite its many advantages, some children and adolescent patients have negative feelings and sometimes express its discomfort. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients' preferences for rubber dam use and the associated factors that may affect it. A survey was conducted targeting patients aged 4-18 years old who visited the pediatric dental clinic, the restorative dental clinic, or the student treatment dental clinic of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Dental Hospital, and were treated using a rubber dam without sedation. We collected questionnaires through electronic medical records. Most children and adolescent patients showed positive attitudes towards using rubber dams. The group with a short treatment time and the group with past knowledge or experience of rubber dam use showed more positive attitudes towards rubber dams (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found among factors such as gender, age, procedure, anesthetics, treatment site, and operator (p > 0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mesiodistal widths at the cervical level of primary second molars in Korean children, and to compare them with commercial rubber dam clamps commonly used in pediatric dentistry. Dental casts of 115 primary and mixed dentition children were studied. Cervical mesiodistal width (C-MD) was measured at the clinical cervical level of each primary second molar from buccal and lingual sides using a digital caliper (Absolute, Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan). The data were compared with mesiodistal widths of rubber dam clamps #203/204, #10/11, and #205 (Dentech, Japan). C-MDs of primary mandibular second molars were larger than those of primary maxillary second molars, and C-MDs at buccal sides were larger than those of lingual sides. All C-MDs showed statistically significant discrepancies to corresponding widths on clamps (p < 0.05). However the amount of discrepancy was mild in maxillary teeth, while up to 1 mm of discrepancy was shown in mandibular teeth. In conclusion, C-MDs measured in this study imply a relatively fair fit of #10/#11 or #203/#204 clamps on primary maxillary second molars, while suggesting our need for a better clamp with proper size for primary mandibular second molars.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2008

Pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen saturation during pediatric dental sedations enables early detection of hypoxemia. The purpose of this study was to monitor the hemoglobin oxygen saturation level and pulse rate of nonmedicated pediatric patients during routine restorative procedures to study the effect of procedure and treated jaw. We obtained data from 53 children treated at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chonbuk national university hospital. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation were measured and recorded using pulse oximetry at each step of treatment. The results are as follows: 1. In non-anesthesia group, steep increase of pulse rate was observed during rubber dam application in the maxilla and during cavity preparation in the mandible. 2. In anesthesia group, pulse rate started to decrease after the rubber dam application in the maxilla, while its decrease observed since cavity preparation step in the mandible. 3. In non-anesthesia group, oxygen saturation level was relatively constant during all steps in the maxilla, but in mandible, it was higher during operation compared to its pre and post operation baseline. 4. In anesthesia group, oxygen saturation level was observed at 99% level through all steps in both jaw groups, and there was no statistical significance between the maxilla and the mandible groups(p>0.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of routine dental treatment on the pulse rate and oxygen saturation level in nonmedicated pediatric patients during routine restorative procedures in the maxilla and mandible.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2002

A number of techniques may be employed to reduce the discomfort of syringe or needle for dental care. The use of topical anesthesia is one such method. Topical anesthetics are applied to alleviate pain during many clinical procedures, such as injection of local infiltration anesthetics, primary tooth extraction, X-ray taking of sensitive patients, reducing gag reflex prior to impression taking. In children, placement of a rubber dam clamp, however, may cause significant discomfort for purpose of pit and fissure sealant and preventive resin restoration(PRR). A topical anesthetic would be beneficial to aid in rubber dam placement for this purpose. It has been suggested that all intra-oral topical anesthetics are equally effective on reflected mucosa, however EMLA(an acronym for eutectic mixture of local anesthetics), which was developed in the 1980s and produces surface anesthesia of skin, has been shown to be more effective than conventional topical anesthetics when used on attached gingivae. This report is topical anesthesized 4 case by EMLA cream, who showed better effect in reducing the pain of infiltration anesthesia, extraction of deciduous teeth, rubber dam clamp placement and reducing the pain of preformed crown adaptation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2016

Successful root canal treatment can be obtained by the removal of microorganisms from the pulpal space of the root canal system through biomechanical technique with instruments and irrigation. Due to the difference in the dimension of the pulpal structure such as thin wall of the root, large portion of chamber, the primary teeth should be considered in a different way of approach. Traditionally, fluids have been dispensed passively into the root canals for improve the cleansing. The use of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant in root canal treatment is widespread and common, because it meets requirements for the ideal irrigants.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2007

This study aimed at recognition on infection control among dental staff. This investigation was implemented by survey and questionnaires on 50 dentists and 176 dental hygienists and 100 aide nurses who were working in Deagu. The results is 1. Dental staff was recognition that extremely dangerous infectious disease is hepatitis B in dental clinic. 2. Wearing gloves and rubber dam was high in degree of recognition on using of personal protective gears however, put on apron was low. 3. The degree of recognition about sterilization of dental instruments was more higher on dentist and dental hygienists than aide nurse. 4. Dental hygienists were higher than other groups on degree of recognition about managing of dental equipment's surface.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the sedative effect of three routes of administration - intramuscular, intranasal drop-in, intranasal spray - with midazolam. The twenty two uncooperative children from 23 months to 76 months who required at least three dental appointment. Each patient was assigned randomly to receive intramuscular(Group I, 0.15mg/kg), intranasal drop-in(Group II, 0.20mg/kg), intranasal spray(Group III, 0.20mg/kg) administration at each visit. Sleep, crying, movement, and overall behavior response were evaluated, and the sedative effects were evaluated by Houpt's rating scale In order to monitor the sedated patients, pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were measured by pulse oximeter during treatment procedures. The results were as follows 1. Pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were stable through all the treatment procedures, and there were no statistically significant differences among three routes of administration(P>0.05). 2. The effect on sleep was, III, II, I, in order, III group was the most effective through all the treatment procedures, except rubber-dam placement and filling phase (P<0.0001). 3. The effects on crying, movement, overall behavior were II, III, I, in order, II group was the most effective through all treatment procedures(P<0.0001).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.415-422
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• 2003

Currently, 'National program of dental sealant' has begun in Korea, but various isolation techniques and preparation is performing. The aim of the present study was to compare pit and fissure sealant retention rates between different operators using two different isolation techniques. Additionally, the failed surface was examined. One examiner performed the examination after one year of the initial operation. The population consisted of 119 children(mean age $8.59{\pm}0.772$) of which the total sealed number was 279 permanent first molars. Pediatric dentists sealed 131 molars using the rubber dam isolation technique (Group 1), general practitioners sealed 80 molars using the rubber dam isolation technique (Group 2), and dental hygienists sealed 69 molars using the cotton roll isolation (Group 3). The results were as follows ; 1. The complete retention rate between Group 1 (90.8%) and 2 (85.0%) showed no significant statistical difference (P>0.05). However, there were significant statistical different retention rates between Group 1 and Group 3(64.7%) and between Group 2 and Group 3 (p<0.05). 2. In comparing retention rates between maxilla and mandible, Only Group 3 showed a significantly lower complete retention rate in mandible than maxilla (p<0.05). 3. In failed surface analysis, occlusal failed surface was 58.3%, buccal/palatal failed surface was 41.7%.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.628-634
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• 2008

In recent years, cross-contamination has become one of the noticeable issues in dental clinic. Two major routes of contamination are the direct-contamination through blood and oral secretion and the indirect-contamination through dental office equipments. Especially, air-contamination through air-floating pollutant in a confined space like hospital, and also contamination through aerosol ejected from high-speed handpiece in a dental office was interested. The purpose of this study was to understand risk of bacterial infection through aerosol from handpiece in a dental office, which will help the practitioner with prevention of contamination during dental treatment. The main findings are as follows. 1. In a comparative test, the group using handpiece has higher bacterial number than the group not using handpiece with significant statistical difference(P<0.01). 2. The group using handpiece with rubber dam has lower bacterial number than the group using handpiecewithout rubber dam with significant statistical difference(P<0.01). 3. Comparing the group using drainage water with the group using distilled water as a handpiece water source results in 22.4 cfu and 17.0 cfu respectively but the difference is no statistically significant(P>0.05). 4. Measuring cfu at 0.5m and 1.5m distance, 0.5m distance showed higher bacterial number with statistical significance(P<0.01). 5. Classification of bacterial types showed the largest bacterial number came from gram-positive micrococcus(73.9%), and gram-negative micrococcus, gram-negative bacillus, and gram-positive bacillus follow in descending order.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Although dental hygienists have performed chair-side assisting and other dental cares as well as preventive dental cares in Korea, medical technician law confines duties of dental hygienists as closed narrative. The aim of this study was to investigate difference in perception of duties of dental hygienists in dental clinic between dentists and dental hygiene students. A total of 245 copies of questionnaires were distributed to dentists and students by post-mail. Only 42 dentists and 30 students in an area replied these questionnaires about the present and future duties of dental hygienists after providing written consent. Both groups agreed that intra and extra oral X-ray taking, education about oral health behavior, instruction after dental treatment, chair-side assisting, consulting for patients, scaling, initial impression taking, management of dental materials and equipment, sterilization of equipment, and receiving dental bills are duties of dental hygienists. However, they had different perceptions about various dental treatments as duties of dental hygienists even if they were under instructions of a dentist, including infiltration anesthesia, filling in cavity, intramuscular injection, FC change, canal irrigation, orthodontic treatment including separating, ligature bracket bonding and removing, setting crown and bridge, making individual, removing implant screw, and so on. These findings demonstrated that there were different perceptions about duties of dental hygienists between dentists and dental hygiene students, especially on dental treatment.