• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.239-243
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• 2005

랩 음악은 음악의 특성과 발화 언어의 특성을 가지고 있으며 음악적 특징을 가진 시와도 공통점을 가진다. 이러한 유사성을 근거로 Eminem이라는 랩 가수의 freestyle음악을 음성분석 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 대상 음악이 즉석적인 발화였음에도 불구하고 각운 부분에서의 피치(pitch)와 리듬은 매우 유사한 값을 보였다. 분석 결과에서 보여준 약간의 차이 값은 인간의 지각 능력과 성향을 고려하여 봤을 때 같은 피치(pitch) 같은 리듬으로 지각하기에 충분하다고 결론 내렸다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.101-111
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• 2021

This paper is a study that analyzes the use and techniques of rap in music that entered Melon Chart, one of the major music sites in Korea, during 2020. Among the songs that entered the chart, reflecting the public's preference, the trend of rap music, an important element of hip-hop music, is analyzed and musical features such as representative artists or frequently used rhythm patterns are analyzed. Through this paper, characteristics of rap music favored by the public and artists in recent popular music have been organized and formalized, and based on this, the elements of etude development for technical polishing are summarized. Through this, it is hoped that just like the long-time analyzed and structured performance techniques such as vocals and instruments, various styles of rap music can develop into a systematic and step-by-step technique system for students who want to learn and practice it.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2017

랩 음악은 장르 특성상 곡에서 가사의 중요성이 매우 크고, 가사 전달을 리듬 중심으로 하기 때문에 가사의 리듬, 운율이 부각된다. 랩 음악 가사의 내용과 운율에 대해 살펴보기 위해 지난 10년간 랩 음악 장르에서 전 세계적으로 가장 큰 인기를 얻고 있는 작사가 겸 가수Drake 와 Lil Wayne 의 곡 23곡을 선정하여 그 내용과 가사 운율을 살펴본다. 내용은 공통적으로 과시를 가장 많이 사용하였으며, 사랑, 유흥 등의 가사에서는 두 작사가의 차이를 보였다. 운율은 두 작사가 모두 규칙적 운율을 주로 사용하였으며, 그 안에 여러 가지 방법을 통해 불규칙성을 더했고, 그 방법을 사용하는 빈도가 다름으로서 운율 사용방식의 차이점을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.12a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2011

본 고에서는 포크음악과 힙합(랩)음악의 기본정신에 대하여 알아보고, 이에 따른 시대적 호응에 따른 저항의식을 알아보고 그러한 저항의식이 시대적으로 포크와 힙합(랩)음악에 얼마나 그리고 어떻게 적용이 되고 묻어나 있는지에 대하여 비교분석하여 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-51
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• 2019

This case study aimed to investigate changes in self-expression following participation in a rap making program with adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. The rap making program was constructed based on the contextual support music therapy model. Three adolescent survivors of childhood cancer participated in six 80-minute individual sessions. During the sessions, each participant engaged in the following tasks: song discussion, lyric creation, and rapping over a selected beat. At pre and posttest, the Self-Expression Scale was completed by participants. Their verbal expressions lyrics were observed during the sessions, and individual interviews with the participants were conducted at the completion of the program. The results demonstrated that the mean rating of the Self-Expression Scale increased after the rap making intervention. Analysis of the participants' verbal expressions and lyrics demonstrated that participants were experiencing difficulties adjusting to school that they wanted to resolve. Furthermore, the analysis of the interviews at posttest found that participants experienced positive changes in self-perception, self-expression, and expectations for their future, compared to the pretest when the participants expressed negative self-perceptions due to difficulties in interpersonal relationships at school and physical limitations. This indicates that rap making can be an effective resource for providing this population with the means to recognize positive attributes about themselves and improve self-expression.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.45-66
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• 2021

This study aimed to develop a group rap making program and examine its applicability to improve communication skills of adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities (ID). Three adolescents with ID participated in a total of six 50-minute group sessions over 4 weeks. The group rap making program included three stages: understanding the context of communication, learning how to communicate with others, and applying the communicative behaviors in a group setting. To examine changes in the participants' communication skills, the rap lyrics constructed by participants were analyzed and communicative behaviors were observed during sessions and analyzed in terms of asking questions and providing information to others. Also, a social communication skills checklist was rated by the participant's caregivers. The analysis of rap lyrics showed that the expressions included in the rap were diversified as the session proceeded. Changes in observed behaviors supported that participants became to engage in communication with others more actively in order to complete the group rap. While the social communication skills checklist tended to increase, there was a difference in degree of change depending on the level of language communication skills. These results indicate that a group rap making can be an effective option for these adolescents to learn how to communicate with their peers, which presents implications for how rap making can be used for therapeutic purpose with more diversified population.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.323-324
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• 2014

뮤지컬 "노트르담 드 파리"의 전체 이야기를 전개해나가는데 크게 공헌한 것은 원작의 취지와 장르적 완성도를 보여준 노래와 음악이다. 이런 관점에서 스토리와 음악을 결합시킨 송스루 뮤지컬(Sung-through Musical)인 아리아(aria)는, 대사를 말하듯이 노래하는 기존의 서창이나 랩과는 달리, 그 어떤 음악이나 예술장르보다 가장 완벽하게 빅토르 위고의 작품을 재현해 냈다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.51-75
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• 2024

This case study aimed to develop a therapeutic rap protocol based on narrative components for improving discourse skills of adolescents with mild intellectual disability (ID) and to explore its applicability. The protocol matched narrative elements (background, initiating event, internal response, attempts, and reaction) with rap components (verse, hook, and interjections), guiding participants to narrate their experiences in a connected discourse form. The protocol was also structured to gradually increase in difficulty, considering the developmental levels of adolescents with ID and it included steps for understanding discourse structures, applying narrative elements to content creation, and expanding narratives. Post-intervention analysis of the stories and rap lyrics created by participants to express their real-life experiences showed that participants increased the length of their stories and rap compositions, with notable improvements in rhythmicity and the inclusion of narrative elements. These findings suggest that, instead of constructing rap from random utterances, providing a structured framework reflecting discourse structure enhanced participants' understanding of event context and logical connections. Furthermore, the various elements and rhythmic features of rap can strengthen motivation and organization in discourse. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of rap in addressing the unique developmental needs of adolescents with mild ID, thereby diversifying and systematizing music therapy interventions for this population.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 1999

This study is investigated the formative characteristics of Rap Music and Hiphop fashion, and I try to comprehend about the fashion mind and fashion culture of teenager 1. Teenager's Hiphop Fashion is subcultures, the fashion culture of teenager reflects their unique identity. 2. The formative characters of Rap Music and Hiphop Fashion are the incompatibility ignored their body size and the popularity caused street fashion imitation, the unbalance ignored a principle of fashion design. 3. Hiphop Fashion is consist of jump-style jacket, hood -shirt, stripe T-shirt and drum pants, baggy pants, snowboard pants and so on. 4. The characters of Hiphop Fashion is the breaking of rule and the destruction. 5. They select something which they like, even though the price is high, so they is tendency to editing coordinate 6. Fashion business for teenager, it needs an ideal conversion not for 'company' but for 'individual' As this results, fashion culture of teenager came out to the surface of water, because of Hiphop Fashion.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-257
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• 2020

This study examined whether popular music lyrics, the new research topic, reflect changes in Koreans' cultural orientation and whether individuals' cultural orientation is related to the genre of popular music that they prefer. In Study 1, we content analyzed popular music lyrics from 1980 to 2018 to see if Koreans' cultural orientations changed over time. The analysis showed that as the release dates approached the 2010s, the lyrics expressed the ideal attitudes of individualist cultures more frequently than those of collectivist cultures; this suggests that Koreans have gradually become more individualistic over time. In Study 2, we examined the relationships between individuals' cultural orientations, preferences for various genres of popular music, and functions of music. The analysis showed that people with more collectivistic attitudes tended to prefer mid- and low-arousal music, such as Ballads and Rap/Hiphop, while those with less collectivistic attitudes preferred high-arousal music, such as Rock/Metal. This result is partly consistent with the hypothesis that collectivistic people would prefer lower to higher arousal music. In addition, our analysis showed the strongest positive relationship between collectivism and the social function of music; this result can be interpreted as indicating that collectivistic people use music to maintain good interpersonal relationships. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings, the limitations of this study, and directions for further research.