• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

In spite of various approaching method to satisfy with the owner's requirements in schematic design phase, it is insufficient to evaluate intermediate process of design arithmetically with participating in design process. So the numerous changes of design after completion of design development cause a lot of loss to the design company. The designer arranges owner's requirements to prevent from this loss at the initial stage of schematic design phase systematically and lets owner and stakeholder to evaluate the value of schematic design to satisfy with owner's and stakeholder's requirements. If the evaluated value for schematic design is above a definite value index, the next design phase should be advanced. By this method, the design company can reduce the additional expenses remarkably by preventing with re-design which is occurred by not reflecting owner's intention or by changing owner's intention. Also the designer have the owner to evaluate the result of design and construction. The designer let the owner know whether the owner's requirement should well have been reflected on drawing or not. There is a strong point to be able to minimize the criticism which can be occurred after completion of construction by evaluating for owner's satisfactory degree and by having owner and designer confirm the result of design and construction arithmetically. This paper presents that the loss of design company can be minimized by going over at next step if the value is over a definite value index after evaluating value for each design from design process.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

It is important for designers to be supported with their decision-making on colours which is often based on personal distinction rather than logical dialogue that may lead to confusion within communicating with others. To help these problems and to gain productivity, we would like to propose a way to define colour grouping method. In other words, the purpose of this study is to help to improve the communication and productivity within the design and designers. The grouping was based and inspired by from the studies of Kobayashi, Hideaki Chijiawa, Allis Westgate and Martha Gill. The study of grouping is based on the "tones" of each group, as they seem to reflect a designer s sentimentalism of chosen colours the best. Each of these groups will be named Bright , Pastel ,Deep and Neutral The general concept of each groups are: - Bright: high quality of pixels of primary colour - Pastel: primary colour with white - - Deep: Primary colour with gray or black - Neutral: colours that does not include any of above Each of the colour group has been allocated into Si-Hwa Jung's colour charts and colour prism to visualize the relationships between the colour groups. These four groups and the colours included in them will be broken down to smaller groups in order to make colour palette. This would break the barrier and result in using colours in groups as well as crossover coordination. This study would result in new ways of using colurs for designers designers

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

To successfully create a low-carbon landscape in order to become a low-carbon city, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of artificial greening's resources on a multi-scale. Additionally, the effects of carbon storage should be quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of this study is to simulate and evaluate the changes in carbon storages of artificial ground trees using system dynamics throughout a long-term period. The process consisted of analyzing the dynamics of the multi-scale carbon cycle by using a casual loop diagram as well as simulating carbon storage changes in the green roof of the Gangnam-gu office building in 2008, 2018, 2028, and 2038. Results of the study are as follows. First, the causal loop diagram representing the relationship between the carbon storage of the artificial ground trees and the urban carbon cycle demonstrates that the carbon storage of the trees possess mutual cross-scale dynamics. Second, the main variables for the simulation model collected 'Biomass,' 'Carbon storage,' 'Dead organic matter,' and 'Carbon absorption,'and validated a high coefficient of determination, the value being ($R^2$=0.725, p<0.05). Third, as a result of the simulation model, we found that the variation in ranking of tree species was changing over time. This study also suggested the specific species of tree-such as Acer palmatum var. amoenum, Pinus densiflora, and Betula platyphylla-are used to improve the carbon storage in the green roof of the Gangnam-gu office building. This study can help contribute to developing quantitative and scientific criteria when designing, managing, and developing programs on low-carbon landscapes.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to introduce representative appropriate technology research organizations operating in France. Among them, we would like to investigate and introduce five institutions that have acquired a lot of experience due to their long history. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) is a government-funded institution that strengthens science and technology infrastructure in Africa and overseas territories with the aim of supporting and educating science communities in developing countries, and conducts collaborative research with more diverse developing countries. Antenna France is an NGO organization whose main activity is to improve malnutrition in Africa. Ingénieurs sans frontiers is an NGO organization that sets sustainable development as the main goal of the association's activities and leads various activities such as education. Terre & Humanism is an NGO organization that practices ecological agriculture and carries out a social change movement urging to respect life and land, and to constitute an alternative society. Humanitarian Design Bureau is a corporation concept company that mainly carries out R&D for environmentally friendly products necessary for NGO activities.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.515-525
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• 2015

Along with a rapid increase in the number of 1-person households where the concept of 1-person consumption and 1-person economy is emphasized, the proportion of 1-person household in Korea occupies a 25.3% at present, and the number is expected to grow continuously. And this rapid increase will bring about a host of problems such as housing shortage in the metropolitan area, egoism, loneliness felt by individuals, and other social problems such as crime. As an alternate movement to this phenomenon, concern on and interest in community, community culture, and sharing of space are on the rise, together with concern on and preference for sharehouse culture. In news media as well, articles on life shared with members of a sharehouse often appear. This sharehouse, which is widely spread and well received in Japan, not only reduces economic burden but also creates their own community and promotes their own culture. In this sense, it is a new way of life that represents benefits of sharing, well beyond just economic interests. Accordingly, In this research, an attempt was made tp examine the circumstances in the use of space based on existing studies on sharehouse characteristics in order to shed new lights on the meaning that non-characteristic space concept of the traditional residential space has as the concept of sharehouse space by considering it in connection with the non-characteristic space concept of the Korean traditional residential space where diverse circumstances occur centered on communal life and which were accepted by all naturally.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-114
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• 2022

Crowdfunding is one of new financing alternatives and is innovative and creative. In order to proceed with crowdfunding, various functions are required, such as design for screen composition, marketing and promotion for the public, accounting to manage the collected funds, and product production and purchase for reward. In addition, since it is a project that must be completed in a short period of time, cooperation between team members is important. This paper studied how the characteristics of the team conducting crowdfunding affect the team performance in crowdfunding. In this study, we set functional background diversity and shared leadership necessary for crowdfunding as team characteristic variables and crowdfunding amount, completion of work and team innovation as team performance variables. This study tests the hypotheses from 220 university students in 79 teams. The findings suggest that functional diversity and shared leadership are positively related to the completion of work and team innovation but not related to crowdfunding amount. To date, few studies have studied the relationship between characteristics of the crowdfunding team and performance. Therefore, the study on functional diversity and shared leadership in crowdfunding can expand existing crowdfunding study area.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2004

Due to the deployment problem of the IP Multicast service, the Application Layer Multicast (or Overlay Multicast) has appeared as an alter-native of the If Multicast. However, even though plenty of the Application Layer Multicast (ALM) Protocols were designed and their applications were developed according to the diverse requirements of each multicast service, researches on the ALM Protocols are focused on only a protocol design or an efficient multicast group management algorithm. And there is little effort to provide a unified guideline for development of the ALM Protocols and provide an environment for running multiple protocols simultaneously in a system. In this paper, we propose socket APIs to be a reference in developing new ALM Protocols which enables a system to support multiple protocols in a system with other ALM Protocols and which gives an environment to support efficient protocol management.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) was one of the most influential bio-medical electronic technologies to be developed at the beginning of the century. In comparison to traditional endoscopic diagnosis, this application is characterized as non-invasive and low-risk, thereby providing surgeons with a new alternative for inspecting the entire gastrointestinal (GI) track in a much more user friendly way. Apart from regular hardware upgrades, the frontier of WCE research basically lies in the miniaturization of the capsule and in active locomotion. In order to overcome the intrinsic drawback of current commercialized WCE products, which is that locomotion is generally a function of natural peristalsis, active locomotion is proposed as a series of strategies used to effectively navigate the device into different organs and conduct therapeutic functions within targeted human tissues. Reviews of several novel designs with respect to this aspect of research will be discussed in this article.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

In this paper, it is covered in detail the process of generating structural alternatives with geometry change and its optimization by StrAuto. The main roof structure of the Exhibition Center is modelled parametrically and the optimal alt is derived by observing volume changes according to geometry change of main roof truss. Existing studies performed optimization process through sections and properties due to the limitations of shape change, but this study have meaning of performing the optimization with geometry changes which is the most critical skills of StrAuto. By the process of securing a sufficient margin by geometry changes and reducing volume with the optimization of sections, despite of a partial optimization of large space structure, it could be reduced by 11.7% of the total volume.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2011

The purpose of this case report is to introduce new attachment system(milled titanium bar with $Locator^{(R)}$ attachment) for implant supported overdenture in maxillary edentulous patients. A 56-years-old male patient visited the hospital due to the mobility of his maxillary fixed partial dentures(10-unit bridge). Including temporomandibular joint(TMJ), there was no specific PMHs to influence dental treatment. In radiographic and clinical evaluation, there was a severe bone resorption and mobility in maxillary teeth. Accordingly all the remaining maxillary teeth was extracted and fabrication of implant supported overdenture was planned. The milled titanium bar with $Locator^{(R)}$ was designed as an attachment system, considering the stability and retention of denture, masticatory efficiency, oral hygiene care, esthetics, pronunciation, and patient's financial state. The milled titanium bar was manufactured using CAD/CAM technology, and $Locator^{(R)}$ attachment connected to the bar by tap & drill method. For over 1-year, in terms of function and esthetics, satisfactory result was obtained.