• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 1998

등방성 피치계 탄소섬유를 Co$_{2}$gas중에서 등온산화시켜 활성탄소섬유를 제조하였다. 산화된 섬유의 비표면적은 BET장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. Burn-off가 증가하여도 반응속도는 크게 감소하지 않았으며, 80$0^{\circ}C$와 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 산화된 섬유의 비표면적은 40%-60%의 burn-off에서 급격히 증가하다가 60%이상에서 감소하였다. 110$0^{\circ}C$에서 산화된 시편은 40%이상 burn-off되어도 비표면적은 크게 증가하지 않고 60%를 지나서도 계속해서 표면적이 증가하는 현상을 나타내었다. 100$0^{\circ}C$에서 60.4%의 burn-off가 일어난 산화섬유의 비표면적은 3,614$m^2$/g로 가장 큰 값이 얻어졌다. 등방성 탄소섬유는 미세한 흑연결정립들이 무질서한 배향을 하고 있으며, 미세기공벽으로 작용할 수 있는 결정립층이 많기 때문에 활성탄소섬유 제조를 위한 원료로 적합하다고 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1998

CO$_{2}$gas중에서 산화된 활성탄소섬유를 77K에서 질소흡착에 의해 흡착등온곡선을 구하였다. 미세공부피와 외부표면적은 t-법으로 구하였으며, 평균기공크기와 기공분포는 Dubinin-Astakhov법으로 구하여 기공발당과정을 고찰하였다. 산화반응 초기(약 40% burn-off까지)에 섬유내부에 발달하는 미세공은 burn-off가 40%를 넘으면 서서히 큰 미세공으로 성장하며, burn-off가 약 60%이상되면 미세기공은 확대 또는 합체되어 점차 중기공으로 성장하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 고온산화반응으로 발달한 기공은 저온에서 생성된 기공보다 크다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.163.1-163
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• 2003

식품의 건조는 저장성을 향상시키고 수송을 간편하게 하나 특별한 경우는 건조과정에서 일어나는 성분변화에 의해 풍미, 색깔, 조직 등이 향성되게 하는 경우도 있다. 그러나 일반적으로 건조에 의해 풍미의 저하, 색깔의 퇴조, 영양성분의 손실 및 조직과 형태의 손상 등 품질을 저하시키므로 가능한 저온에서 단시간에 수분을 제거해야 한다. 건조식품의 저장성은 수분활성도, 제품의 종류, 저장온도등 다양한 요인들에 영향을 받으며, 특히 수분 활성도에 따라 비효소 갈색화 반응, 지방의 산패, 미생물의 발생정도가 달라진다. 따라서 건조식품 저장시 변질을 방지하기 위해서는 식품의 수분함량을 측정할 수 있는 등온흡습곡선을 작성하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 식품의 단분자층 수분함량을 결정하고, 흡습에 필요한 에너지를 구함으로서 건조식품의 저장조건 및 포장조건의 선택시 유용한 자료가 된다. 특히 식품분말의 흡습특성은 분말입자의 크기, 형태, 화학성분 등과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 위의 사실로 미루어 볼 때 본 연구에서는 시판 유통되고 있는 두부를 진공동결 시킴으로써 위생화와 장기저장 가능성을 연구하면서 진공동결 건조 후 시료의 수분활성, 재수화 및 일반성분 변화를 검토하고자 한다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1990

Linear viscoelastic properties of 11 types of EPDM and 1 type of EPM rubbers have been measured at $210^{\circ}C$, using a RDS(Rheometrics dynamic spectrometer). The data base, i.e., complex viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, loss tangent and relaxation spectrum of the sample should be useful for rubber blending and compounding.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2002

The Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the under-potentially deposited hydrogen (UPD H) and the over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) at the poly-Pt/0.5M $H_2SO_4$ and 0.5 M LiOH aqueous electrolyte interfaces have been studied using cyclic voltammetric and ac impedance techniques. The behavior of the phase shift $(0^{\circ}{\leq}{-\phi}{\leq}90^{\circ})$ for the optimum intermediate frequency corresponds well to that of the fractional surface coverage $(1{\geq}{\theta}{\geq}0)$ at the interfaces. The phase-shift method, i.e., the phase-shift profile $({-\phi}\;vs.\;E)$ for the optimum intermediate frequency, can be used as a new electrochemical method to determine the Langmuir adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\;E)$ of the UPD H and the OPD H for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reactions at the interfaces. At the poly-Pt/0.5M $H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interface, the equilibrium constant (K) and the standard free energy $({\Delta}G_{ads})$ of the OPD H are $2.1\times10^{-4}$ and 21.0kJ/mol, respectively. At the poly-Pt/0.5M LiOH aqueous electrolyte interface, K transits from 2.7(UPD H) to $6.2\times10^{-6}$ (OPD H) depending on the cathode potential (E) and vice versa. Similarly, ${\Delta}G_{ads}$ transits from -2.5kJ/mol (UPD H) to 29.7kJ/mol (OPD H) depending on I and vice versa. The transition of K and ${\Delta}G_{ads}$ is attributed to the two distinct adsorption sites of the UPD H and the OPD H on the poly-Pt surface. The UPD H and the OPD H on the poly-Pt surface are the independent processes depending on the H adsorption sites themselves rather than the sequential processes for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reactions. The criterion of the UPD H and the OPD H is the H adsorption sites and processes rather than the $H_2$ evolution reactions and potentials. The poly-Pt wire electrode is more efficient and useful than the Pt(100) disc electrode for the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reactions in the aqueous electrolytes. The phase-shift method is well complementary to the thermodynamic method rather than conflicting.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 2012

Conventional SMB process is operated using 4-zone having several chromatography columns in each zone. Unlike batch chromatography, SMB process can continuously separate binary materials. Both high productivity and purity are obtainable by using SMB process. In this study, the simulation on Thermal Simulated Moving Bed Concentrator (TSMBC) which is a SMB process with thermal swing adsorption was carried out. The advantage of TSMBC is that adsorption isotherm can be easily controlled by thermal wave or direct heating. Recovery of pure water and concentration of phenol was studied in simulation. To verify environmental-friendly potential of TSMBC, DOWEX $1{\times}4$ was chosen as an adsorbent and phenol was selected as a target material. When 3 columns were used in this study, concentration of phenol is 2.29, 2.28 and 1.31 times higher than injected sample. However, a contamination of phenol in solvent port was found, probably due to the restriction of adsorption isotherm of phenol on DOWEX $1{\times}4$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.589-601
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• 2010

Recently it has been frequently reported arsenic contamination of geologic origin in groundwater. The iron-impregnated ranular activated carbon (Fe-GAC) was developed for effective removal of arsenic from groundwater n the study. Fe-GACs were prepared by impregnating iron compounds into a supporting medium (GAC) with 0.05 M iron nitrate solution. The materials were used in arsenic adsorption isotherm tests to know the effect of iron impregnation time, batch kinetic tests to understand the influence of pH, and column tests to evaluate for the preliminary operation of water treatment system. The results showed that the minimum twelve hours of impregnation time were required for making the Fe-GAC with sufficient iron content for arsenic removal, confirmed by a high arsenic adsorption capacity evaluated in the isotherm tests. Most of the impregnated iron compounds were iron hydroxynitrate $Fe_4(OH)_{11}NO_3{\cdot}2H_2O$ but a mall quantity of hematite was also identified in X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The batch isotherms of Fe-GAC for arsenic adsorption were well explained by Langmuir than Freundlich model and the iron contents of Fe-GAC have positive linear correlations on logarithmic plots with Freundlich distribution coefficients ($K_F$ and Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities ($Q_m$. The results of kinetic experiments suggested hat Fe-GAC had he excellent arsenic adsorption capacities regardless of all pH conditions except for pH 11 and could be used a promising adsorbents for groundwater arsenic removal considering the general groundwater pH range of 6-8. The pseudo-second order model, based on the assumption that the ate-limiting step might be chemisorption, provided the best correlation of the kinetic experimental data and explained the arsenic adsorption system f Fe-GAC. The column test was conducted to valuate the feasibility of Fe-GAC use and the operation parameters in arsenic groundwater treatment system. The parameters obtained from the column test were the retardation actor of 482.4 and the distribution coefficient of 581.1 L/mg which were similar values of 511.5-592.5 L/mg acquired from Freundlich batch isotherm model. The results of this study suggested that Fe-GAC could be used as promising adsorbent of arsenic removal in a small groundwater supply system with water treatment facility.

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1999

The compression molding is widely used in the automotive industry to produce products that are large, thin, lightweight and stiff. The molded product is formed by squeezing a fiber-reinforced plastic composites. During a molding process of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, control of filling patterns in mold, orientation and distribution of fibers are needed to predict the effects of molding parameters on the flow characteristics. It is the objective of this paper to develop an isothermal compression molding simulation that can handle both thin and thick charges and motion of the flow front, and can predict pressure distributions and accurate velocity gradients. The composites are treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid. The effects of slip parameter $\alpha$ and extensional/shear viscosity ratio $\zeta$ on the mold filling parameters are also discussed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.28-39
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• 1991

The change of microstructure in the bonded interlayer and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated during Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding(TLP bonding) of STS304/SM17C and STS304/SM45C couples using Ni base amorphous alloys added boron and prepared alloy as insert metal. Main experimental results obtained in this study are as follows: 1) Isothermal solidification process was completed much faster than theoretically expected time, 14ks at 1473K temperature. Its completion times were 3.6ks at 1423K, 2.5ks at 1473K and 1.6ks at 1523K respectively. 2) As the concentration of boron in the insert metal increased, the more borides were precipitated near bonded interlayer and grain boundary of STS304 side during isothermal solidification process, its products were $M_{23}P(C,B)_6}_3)$ The formation of grain boundary during isothermal solidification process was completed at structural carbon steel after starting the solidfication at STS304 stainless steel. 4) The highest value of hardness was obtained at bonded interface of STS304 side. The desirable tensile properties were obtained from STS304/SM17C, STS304/SM45C using MBF50 and experimentally prepared insert metal with low boron concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2011

Corrosion of aluminum in 0.1 M HCl solution in the absence and presence of ${\beta}$-blocker inhibitors (atenolol, propranolol, timolol and nadolol) was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentration and decreased with rise of temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that they acted as cathodic inhibitors. Some thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. All inhibitors were adsorbed on Al surface obeying Frumkin isotherm. All EIS tests exhibited one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. The inhibition efficiencies of all test methods were in good agreement.