• Clean Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2003

The metal finishing industry generates a variety of pollutants such as acidic or alkaline wastewater, chromic compounds, cyanide, heavy metals, and toxic materials. Especially, zinc plating process is one of the processes which cause serious environmental problems. In this study, we applied the proven optimum technology to important unit processes in terms of implement effects through the process diagnosis and analysis. This study aimed to improve the working environment and the environmental pollutions in zinc plating process.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Soil quality standards (SQS) are necessary to protect the human health and soil biota from the exposure to soil pollutants. The current SQS in Korea contain only sixteen substances, and it is scheduled to expand the number of substances. Chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) system is very effective to screen the priority chemicals for the future SQS in terms of their toxicity and exposure potential. In this study, several CRS systems were extensively compared to propose the assessment factors that required for the screening of soil pollutants The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), CRSKorea, and other systems. The additional assessment factors of CRS suitable for soil pollutants were suggested. We suggest soil adsorption factor as an appropriate factor of CRS system to consider chemical transport from soil to groundwater. Other factors such as soil emission rate and cases of accident of soil pollutants were included. These results were reflected to screen the priority chemicals in Korea, as a part of the project entitled ‘Setting the Priority of Soil Contaminants'.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.47-49
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• 1999

월남전 고엽제 피해와 도시 폐기물 소각로 문제로 일반에게 알려진 다이옥신(Dioxins and Furans)은 기존의 연구결과 토양, 호수와 강의 바닥, 대기, 수계생물, 동식물 및 인체조직 등 거의 모든 자연환경에 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히 도시의 대기는 도시 폐기물 소각로나 자동차 등 화것 연료의 연소에 의해 배출되는 다이옥신, PCBs, PAH 등 많은 오염 물질을 함유하고 있는데 이 중 독성이 가장 높은 물질이 다이옥신이다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

In order to understand the effects of the main components of antifoaming agents on the marine benthic ecosystem when silicone-based antifoaming agents are discharged into marine environments, eco-toxicity testing was performed on silicone and alcohol-based antifoaming agent by using benthic amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) and luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri). The toxic effects of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a main component of silicone-based antifoaming agents on aquatic organisms were also researched. In the results of the eco-toxicity test, luminescent bacteria showed a maximum of 9 times more toxic effects than benthic amphipod for alcohol-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents showed a maximum of 400 times more toxic effects than alcohol-based. The $LC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ values of PDMS ranged from 10 to $44,500{\mu}g/L$ in phytoplankton, invertebrate, and fish. In the results of applying PBT (P: persistency, B: bioaccumulation, T: toxicity) characteristics as an index showing the qualitative characteristics of PDMS, persistency (P) and bioaccumulation (B) were confirmed. Thus, when PDMS is discharged to marine environments, it could accumulate in the upper trophic level through bioaccumulation and the food chain, which could have negative effects on benthic organisms. The results of this study may be used for objective and scientific risk assessment, considering the major components of antifoaming agents when investigating the effects of various discharged antifoaming agents in marine ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.80-84
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• 2021

As the Hydrogen law was enacted, 4 types of hydrogen appliances were designated as inspection products. The types of hydrogen appliances are water electrolysis equipment, hydrogen extraction equipment, stationary fuel cells, and mobile fuel cells. The establishment fo safety standards for hydrogen appliance inspection defines risk factors for each hydrogen appliance and stipulates safety standards to prevent risk factors. The main safety standards for each hydrogen appliance are hydrogen quality and safety control for water electrolysis, toxic substances emission prevention and carbon monoxide emission prevention for hydrogen extraction facilities, vibration safety for mobile fuel cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2017

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with endocrine system in organisms, and have different mode of actions compared to conventional chemicals. Therefore, EDCs specific ecotoxicity tests and assessments have been globally developed by some organizations such as OECD, ASTM, and USEPA. In Korea, researches on EDCs and monitoring of EDCs in domestic environments were also continued. However, Korean ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs are not suggested till date. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze international ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs and the compare ecotoxicity methods and toxicity endpoints among standard test guidelines. We found that there are very limited EDCs specific soil ecotoxicity test guidelines (only in ASTM) compared to aquatic ecotoxicity test guidelines. Currently, fish, amphibian, waterflea, copepoda, earthworm, white worm, springtail, nematode, mite, and midge are suggested as standard ecotoxicity test species for EDCs. Reproduction, hormones, growth, vitellogenin, sex retio and development were proposed as endpoints for EDCs ecotoxicity. This study provided the comparison of EDCs specific ecotoxicity methods and endpoints between standard test guidelines, and suggested the further research to develop the method for assesseing ecotoxicity of EDCs.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2016

Microalgae are the potential bioindicators of environmental changes, for the environmental risk assessment as well as to set limits for toxic chemical release in the aquatic environment. Here, we evaluated the effects of two endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely bisphenol A (BPA) and Aroclor 1016, on the green algae Tetraselmis suecica, diatom Ditylum brightwellii, and dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Each species showed wide different sensitivity ranges when exposed to these two EDCs; the 72 h effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) for these test species showed that Aroclor 1016 was more toxic than BPA. $EC_{50}$ values for the diatom D. birghtwellii were calculated at 0.037 mg/L for BPA and 0.002 mg/L for Aroclor 1016, representing it was the most sensitive when compared to the other species. In addition, these results suggest that these EDC discharge beyond these concentrations into the aquatic environments may cause harmful effect to these marine species.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.83-84
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• 2003

벤젠고리의 수가 2∼3개인 저분자 PAHs는 대체적으로 급성 독성을 나타내고, 고분자인 벤젠고리 4∼6개의 PAHs들은 대부분 발암성 및 돌연변이성 물질로 알려져 있다. 이러한 PAHs들은 화석연료의 불완전 연소 등에 의해 발생되고, 대표적인 오염원으로는 석탄, 자동차, 가정 난방 등이 있다. 대기 중의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs) 농도는 지역별, 계절별로 큰 차이를 나타내며, 일반적으로 차량 통행이 많은 대도시나 공단지역이 높고 계절적으로는 연료사용이 많은 겨울철에 높은 농도를 보인다. PAHs는 다양한 고정 배출원 및 이동배출원에서 발생하기 때문에 동일 배출원에 영향을 받더라도, 지역에 따라 농도 및 조성비가 달라질 수 있다(백성옥, 1999; Simcik et al., 1999). (중략)

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2023

Five commercially available edible sweeteners are used as diet products because they can replace sucrose. In studies on the effects on animals and the human body, stability has been proven by excreting-oriented studies with characteristics of animal cells, and accumulation in small amounts has been ignored. On the other hand, plants can absorb, degrade, and accumulate foreign substances, so the effect of degradability and accumulation potential can be studied using plants. Metabolic effects in plants of commercially available saccharin and acesulfame potassium (Ace K) were tested using germinated barley and bean sprouts. In germinated barley and bean sprouts, saccharin and ace K showed inhibitory effects on plant growth in all organs from low concentrations in leaves, stems and roots. In addition, it can be observed that the symptoms of death appear clearly over time, so it can be seen that they are accumulated in the body of the plant. As the accumulated amount increases, the toxic effect increases and the plant reaches a state where it is unable to metabolize, turning black from the tip of the leaf and reaching a state of death. In order to remove the accumulated artificial sweetener, recovery was attempted by culturing in distilled water, but it acts as a substance that is not degraded and dies without avoiding toxicity. Saccharin and ace K cannot be excreted from the cell. Its toxic effects are thought to be persistent, inhibiting growth and eventually leading to cell death.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2020

The introduction of the Korea toxics use reduction (TUR) program to build a clean society is generally evaluated based on social economic criteria. Among various techniques, benefit-cost analysis is the most commonly used. This method is focused on the calculation and comparison of all the benefits and costs attributable to the TUR program. However, since it is reasonable to consider not only economic criteria but also policy criteria in the process of evaluation, it is necessary to reflect on the criteria weights found in the benefits and costs. This study aims at developing a new evaluation technique to achieve this purpose and apply it to the Korean TUR program to be implemented in 2020. This study selected competitiveness, toxic substances' emission reduction ratio, and health improvement as policy criteria. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was initially used to calculate the weight and then, based on the results, the concept of information entropy introduced by Claude Shannon was used to eliminate subjective bias. As a result of the study, it was found that the revised benefit-cost analysis considering the weights of the policy criteria, as well as the existing economic criteria, could be a reasonable alternative in evaluating the feasibility of TUR regulations for highly toxic substances.