• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.987-994
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• 2023

This study examined the associations between the genotypes of the galactose mutarotase (GALM) gene and carcass traits in the Hanwoo population of Jeju Island, South Korea. The GALM genotypes were determined by the 14-bp (5'-GGTCTAATGACCAG-3') insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). All three genotypes (LL, LS, and SS) were found in the Hanwoo steer population. The association analysis showed significant associations between genotypes and several carcass traits, including traits related to intramuscular fat content, such as meat quality, marbling score, and backfat thickness (p<0.05). Animals harboring the SS genotype showed not only higher levels of intramuscular fat content but also lower levels of backfat thickness than animals harboring the LL and LS genotypes. On the other hand, no significant associations were found between the GALM genotypes and carcass weight, eye muscle area, meat color, or fat color (p>0.05). Deleting the 14-bp segment in the 3'-UTR resulted in the modification of the secondary structure of RNA and appeared to affect gene expression by interfering with the binding ability of GALM mRNA with RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. These results suggest that the 14-bp InDel polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of the GALM gene affects cattle growth traits and carcass quality through galactose metabolism-mediated fat accumulation in muscle and backfat tissues.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2011

Analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of backfat thickness (BFT) on carcass grade factors and carcass price in Hanwoo cows and steers. Data on grade factors and prices were collected from 69,159 Hanwoo carcasses (n = 13,376 cows, n = 55,783 steers) abtained at the Nonghyup Seoul slaughter house in 2009. Carcass BFTs were divided into nine categories from ${\leq}$ 3 mm to ${\qeq}$ 25 mm. The average BFTs were 11.93 mm in cows and 12.57 mm in steers. An increase in the BFT resulted in an increase in carcass weight, loin-eye area, skeletal maturity, fat color, but decreases in the yield index and yield grade (from grade A to C) in cows and steers. Carcass unit price (Won/kg) improved if the carcass was sold with a BFT of 13-15 mm in cows and 10-12 mm in steers. Marbling score and quality grade increased significantly to 21 mm BFT but decreased from a BFT of 22 mm in cows and steers. BFT was significantly correlated with yield index (cow, r = $-0.97^{**}$; steer, r = $-0.96^{**}$), marbling score (cow, r = $0.20^{**}$; steer, r = $0.14^{**}$), and carcass price (cow, r = $0.03^{**}$; steer, r = $-0.11^{**}$). These results could be used as a fundamental dataset for further research to increase the productivity of Hanwoo carcasses.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2023

This study was conducted to confirm the growth performance of Hanwoo steers according to the crude protein and calcium levels and their effects on carcass characteristics. The experiment consisted of a total of 4 groups: HPHC (CP 15%, Ca 1.2%), HPLC (CP 15%, Ca 0.6%), LPHC (CP 12.5%, Ca 1.2%), LPLC (CP 12.5%, Ca 0.6%). In the feeding trial, Hanwoo steers (650.8±16.27 kg, n = 32, 24 months of age) were divided into four feeding groups (n = 8 each) with the same initial body weight. Animals were fed with each rice straw and concentrate (1:9) until the late fattening stage. Growth performance was measured by daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, and final weight. Carcass characteristics were measured carcass weight, loin area, back-fat thickness and marbling score. There was no significant difference in growth performance and carcass characteristics among the treatment groups. However, the ratio of meat quality grade 1⁺ or higher was 76% in LPLC, which was higher than other treatments (HPHC, 63%; HPLC, 63% and LPHC, 50%). Therefore, reducing crude protein in the feed did not affect growth and carcass characteristics. In addition, calcium control in the late fattening stage did not affect growth performance. In LPLC, the ratio of meat quality 1⁺ or higher was the highest, so additional research on calcium control in feed is thought to be necessary. However, there was no significant difference in the relationship between protein and calcium levels in feed in all study results, so the influence of the two factors on each other is thought to be low.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of carcass weight on the physicochemical and sensory traits of duck meat. In total, 150 duck carcasses were divided into five different weight groups. The fat content in both breast and leg meats tended to increase with increased carcass weight. The cooking loss was significantly higher in the <2,200 g weight group and decreased with increased carcass weight. There was no significant difference in pH, water-holding capacity, lightness, or redness among carcass weight groups. The shear force was significantly higher in the ${\geq}2,800g$ weight group. The oleic acid (C18:1, n9) content in both the breast and leg meats tended to increase with increased carcass weight. The unsaturated fatty acid content in the breast meats was similar for all the groups whereas its content in the leg meats increased with increased weight groups. There was no significant difference in the sensory scores among the treatments. Taken together, it may be said that the carcass weight had minor effects on the physicochemical traits of duck meat. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of different carcass weights in the same raising period on duck meat quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.467-473
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• 2013

This study compared the pork quality and muscle fiber characteristics between the Jeju black pig (JBP) and domesticated pig breeds, including three-way crossbred (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, LYD), Berkshire (B), Duroc (D), Landrace (L), Meishan (M), and Yorkshire (Y) pigs. JBP had the lowest carcass weight among the pig breeds (p<0.05) and its NPPC marbling score was lower than the other domesticated pig breeds (p<0.05), except for M. M had the highest value for backfat thickness among the pig breeds (p<0.05), whereas its NPPC marbling score was the lowest (p<0.05). The pH values were higher in JBP and B at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, respectively, but LYD and M had the lowest pH values at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, respectively (p<0.05). M had a higher lightness and lower redness than the other breeds (p<0.05). Moreover, M had the highest drip loss among the pig breeds (p<0.05), whereas D had the lowest drip loss and the highest redness (p<0.05). In terms of muscle fiber characteristics, JBP and LYD had the largest type IIB fibers (p<0.05). The fiber number and area composition of type I fibers were higher in JBP than the others (p<0.05) however type IIA fibers were lowest in JBP among the pig breeds (p<0.05). Overall, our results indicate that JBP provided better pork quality compared with M, but the carcass trait and pork quality of JBP were not better than LYD and D, respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate effects of corn silage on final fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and gene expression of Hanwoo Longissimus dorsi muscle biopsy. Twenty one steers with initial body weight of control 291.5±6.5kg, corn silage 291.7.0±17.3kg were used for 18 months of fattening period. Average daily gain of corn silage tended to increase compared to control in early fattening period(p=0.092). Feed conversion ratio of corn silage was higher than control in early fattening(p=0.005). The animals in corn silage increased A grade 23% in meat quantity than the control. Myogenic gene expression on the Longissimus dorsi biopsy were compared between corn silage and control. The level of myosin heavy chain(MHC) I, IIX mRNA were greater than the control in the whole period(p<0.05). The level of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) mRNA was greater than the corn silage(p<0.05). Inconclusion, corn silage will be possible to use as an alternative concentrate feeding system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1996

In general, EMI(electromagnetic interference) from EHV(extra high voltage) power lines above 50kV cause interference to AM radio and low VHF television reception. This paper describes the results of long-term measurement of RI and TV1 in 765kV, double circule of $6\times29.59mm$(1.65k inches) diammer $480mm^{2}$(Rail) ACSR conductors in suitable for 766kV transmission lines to provide acceptable EMI at 15m fro the beneath of outmost phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.297-300
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• 2004

본 연구는 국내 돼지 도축 작업장에서 이용되고 있는 돼지의 실신방법에 따른 PSE 발생율을 구명하여 돼지고기 품질개선에 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 공시축의 도체 특성과 품질특성을 비교한 결과로서 도체중은 정상육이 74.6kg으로 중증 및 경증 PSE육의 각각 76.9 및 77.0kg에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다. 등지방층 두께에 있어서도 정상육이 16.2mm로 PSE육 17.1, 17.3에 비하여 얇았다(p<0.05). 근내지방도는 정상육이 2.1로서 경증 PSE 1.6, 중증 PSE 1.4에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. 전살 전압별 PSE발생율을 조사한 결과 전살전압이 220V인 경우 PSE 발생율이 12.3%, 240V 17.41%, 250V 24.91%, 430V 43.12%을 보여 전살전압이 높아질수록 PSE돈육의 발생율이 증가하는 경향을 보였음으로 실신조건에 따른 PSE 발생율을 구명하기 위하여, 동일한 작업조건에서 실신방법만 달리하여 비교한 결과 고전압 전살(500V)의 경우 PSE돈육 발생율이 72.86%이였으나, $CO_2$ 실신의 경우는 39.28%로 $CO_2$실신에 의하여 33%의 PSE 감소 효과를 가져 왔다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1285-1287
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• 2005

고온초전도 선재 중에서 YBCO 박막을 금속테이프에 증착하여 제조되는 coated conductor는 높은 자기장에서도 임계전류밀도의 감소가 크지 않아 고자장용 초전도 자석을 제조하는데 많이 활용될 것으로 기대되고 있다. coated conductor를 고자장용 초전도 자석제작에 활용하기 위해서는 긴 길이의 도체를 제조하는 것과 함께, 도체의 접합기술이 필요하다. 이는 초전도 자석을 영구전류모드로 운전하기 위해서는 도체의 접촉저항이 충분히 적어야 하기 때문이다. 그러나 박막형 coated conductor는 아직 긴 길이의 선재제조기술이 확립되어 있지 않고, 또 박막형 coated conductor의 형태와 사용되는 제조기술이 본질적으로 초전도 접합을 형성시키기에 매우 어려워서 아직 까지 초전도 접합에 대한 연구결과가 발표되지 않고 있으며, 접합 특성을 측정하는 기술도 개발되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 coated conductor의 접합특성을 측정하기 위한 기본적인 시험방법을 제안하고, 전도성 금속접합재를 이용한 접합시료를 제작하여 그 특성을 평가한 결과를 발표한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.437-443
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• 2019

This study examined the productivity, blood characteristics, and cecal microorganisms with the addition of mixed enzymes in broiler chickens. Three hundred chickens (Ross 308) were assigned randomly to five treatment groups (control, 0.5 MXG, 1.0 MXG, 2.0 MXG, and 1.0 G) with three replications. Based on the results, the weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, and daily gain increased slightly by the treatment assignment. Carcass, stomach, and heart weights increased slightly in all treatment groups compared to the control. On the other hand, liver weight was significantly low by enzyme addition compared to the control group (p<0.05). The total number of appendix bacteria decreased significantly in all treatment groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). The total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glucose level did not differ after treatment. On the other hand, the IgG level was significantly higher in the 1.0 MXG and 2.0 MXG groups than in the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of a mixed enzyme (MXG) will improve the feed efficiency and IgG, as well as reduce the liver weight and total bacteria in broiler chickens.