• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.11-27
• /
• 2017

The road network system of major domestic urban areas such as city of Seoul was rapidly developed and regionally expanded. In addition, many kinds of life-lines such as electrical cables, telephone cables, water&sewerage lines, heat&cold conduits and gas lines were needed in order for urban residents to live comfortably. Therefore, most of the life-lines were individually buried in underground and individually managed. The utility tunnel is defined as the urban planning facilities for commonly installing life-lines in the National Land Planning Act. Expectation effectiveness of urban utility tunnels is reducing repeated excavation of roads, improvement of urban landscape; road pavement durability; driving performance and traffic flow. It can also be expected that ensuring disaster safety for earthquakes and sinkholes, smart-grind and electric vehicle supply, rapid response to changes in future living environment and etc. Therefore, necessity of urban utility tunnels has recently increased. However, all of the constructed utility tunnels are cut-and-cover tunnels domestically, which is included in development of new-town areas. Since urban areas can not accommodate all buried life-lines, it is necessary to study the feasibility assessment system for utility tunnel by urban patterns and capacity optimization for urban utility tunnels. In this study, we break away from the new-town utility tunnels and suggest a quantitative assessment model based on the evaluation index for urban areas. In addition, we also develop a program that can implement a quantitative evaluation system by subdividing the feasibility assessment system of urban patterns. Ultimately, this study can contribute to be activated the urban utility tunnel.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 2021

This study is for the quality improvement of water-sealing & reinforcement grouting in tunnel of the construction of the underground transportation network underneath the city. Existing tunnel grouting process did not technically utilize P~q~t charts fully. It is due to the absence of technical methods to decide how P~q~t charts change in the presence of trouble and what the change represents in grouting. There were no standards to decide which chart pattern represents which ground characteristics, how to categorize ground types, and how to take measures according to the standards. This paper studies on the grouting type, ground characteristics, ground type categorizing method, and countermeasures for both general and algorithm-processed grouting in soil and rock layer to address the aforementioned problems. Newly improved P~q~t charts from grouting in soil was categorized into six different types. Different characteristics and categorization method was developed for each type. Countermeasures for each type of grouting process were developed so that on-site application can be readily available. Improved P~q~t charts for rock layer also have six different types of grouting. Each type was given the countermeasures for rock layer grouting process for easier applications. Therefore, it is expected to be used through out the entire process of grouting from preparation to the last report of the water-sealing & reinforcement grouting in tunnel of the construction of the underground transportation network underneath the city.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.544-544
• /
• 2017

국민경제가 성장하고 여가시간이 늘어남에 따라 도심지내 수변공간은 도시의 시민들이 일상적으로 이용하는 공간으로 개발이 증가되고 있다. 또한 봉하 내성천의 은어축제등과 같이 지역의 축제 등이 진행되는 공간으로 이용되고 있다. 이러한 친수적 목적의 수변공간의 이용은 갈수록 증가되고 있으며 이용하는 시민들의 요구도 다양화되고 있다, 현재의 수변공간은 대부분 운동, 산책 등을 할 수 있는 공간으로 활용되고 있으나, 다양한 요구에 맞추어 개발이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 활용되고 있는 수변공간을 이용하는 이용자들을 대상으로 이용자들의 현황, 만족도, 요구사항 등을 설문조사하였다. 유형별로는 도심지내 하천공간인 대구의 신천과 서울의 청계천 그리고 주변의 상권과 연계되어 활용되는 대구의 수성못, 축제공간으로 활용되는 봉화의 내성천에 대해 설문조사한 것을 분석하였다. 설문조사내용으로는 이동거리, 이용시간, 연령대, 선호시설, 요구사항 등에 대해 조사하였다. 이러한 수변공간 이용자들을 대상으로 조사한 내용은 향후 시민들의 이용을 증대시킬수 있는 방향으로의 수변공간 조성에 지표로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.669-678
• /
• 2021

This study surveyed three land cover types in Chungju City in Chungcheongbuk Province to check the distribution of cultured bacteria in bio-aerosols according to land cover type. It was possible to compare and analyze the distribution of bacteria according to microclimatic changes at each measurement point by examining meteorological factors and bio-aerosols according to land cover. The microclimate temperature in each measurement point was 8.7℃ for the urban forest, 10.8℃ for the waterside green area, and 10.2℃ for the urban area, indicating the urban forest had the lowest temperature among the measurement points. The relative humanity was 61.8% fin the urban forest, 59.3% in the waterside green area, and 55.7% in the urban area, indicating that the urban forest was the most humid among the measurement points. The identified bacteria were found to be 43 genera and 99 species. In terms of species diversity of cultured bacteria, 22 genera were found in the waterside green area, 21 genera in the urban forest, and 17 genera in the urban area, 37 species were found in the waterside green area, 31 species in the urban area, and 31 species in the urban forest. Bacillus toyonensis and Pseudarthrobacter oxydan were the species present in all three types of measurement sites, and Herbiconiux flava was confirmed to inhabit green areas such as urban forests and waterside green areas. The analysis result of the bacterial concentration according to the microclimatic environment in each measurement point was 333 CFU/m³ in the urban forest, 287 CFU/m³, in the waterside green area, and 173 CFU/m³ in the downtown area. The relative humidity and wind speed were analyzed to show a similar trend as the concentration. This study is expected to provide basic data for healthy urban management and green area creation by identifying the distribution of cultured bacteria in bio-aerosols according to land cover type and comparing and analyzing the traits of bio-aerosol in each measurement point.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.329-341
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study focused on the distribution of crimes in Cheongju City. This study emphasized the characteristics of place and spatial pattern of crime in Central Business District(CBD). The crime core areas were delineated and explained through land-use based on fieldwork and GIS analysis For this aim. the police crime data of Cheongju Dongbu(east). Seobu(west) for 1998 were collected In which 3.909 indictable or similar offenses were reported. In this study, Included climes are murder. rape, robbery. arson, theft, burglary, assault and vandalism. Because theme crimes are related with site-specific crime. As a result. land-use patterns are often related to specific type of offenses. The climes in Cheongju City were concentrated in the CBD Most crimes were assaults and thefts Crime areas can be classified by the age of the offender Around Chungang and Pungmul Market in the CBD. the offender＇s ages were 30-50 dominantly Assaults and thefts were concentrated in Songan-gil(street). which is a place teen-ages and youngsters meet frequently The result of the buffering analysis with roads, explained 40% of crime within a 30m buffer area( including both sides) of a principal road The rest of the climes mainly occurred in the vicinity of narrow streets and alleys.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2015

More than 70 percent of the Korean territory consists of mountain area so development of mountain district is essential to urbanize continuously. Thus, technological developments for risk factors and standards and manuals must be needed to prevent mountain disaster. Risk Management Manual should be made and operated in government legislation related to national disaster, but there is still no Emergency Management Standard Manual and Emergency Response-Practical Manual to prevent mountain disaster. This study suggests the improvement plans that are legislated but not established cleary in the field of disaster in urban area. The main items are like as 1) adaptable standard and practical manual to prevent mountain disaster in urban area, 2) reinforcement between managing department and interagency vertically and horizontally in central and local government organization, 3) Personal SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) not EOP (Emergency Operation Plan), 4) considering 13 items selected by Ministry of Public Safety and Security, 5) schematization with personal action plan, 6) check list to do in the event of mountain disaster, and 7) regular practice per quarter.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.408-417
• /
• 2016

The frequent regional torrential or heavy rain and typhoon mostly caused by climate change has resulted in sediment disasters particularly in mountainous or hilly areas. More than 65% of South Korea is mountainous and development and rapid urbanization has brought lots of steep sloping industrial complexes, which are adjacent to cities. Such continuous urbanization and industrialization can result in an increase in serious damage to those places. Korea has very high population density so sediment disaster could result in a tremendous loss of property and life. A recent 10-year (2001~2010) study of the average annual loss shows 68 casualties and property loss of 1.7044 trillion Won(?), which indicates a 20% and 25% decrease for both life and property, respectively, but urban areas are experiencing increasing damage. In this paper, a comprehensive simulator composed by references, analyses, and the recent technologies was applied to visualize the scale of the damaged Woomyeon-san (Mt.) and verify the performance of the simulator.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.228-237
• /
• 2005

The study was done with the hypothesis that internet users' evaluation of hotel web sites would be differed depending on the class, location, size, ownership, and guest type of hotels. The study found that location, guest type are loosing their strategical importances in the internet marketing. However, class, size, and ownership are still favorable marketing tools with the internet. The study also found that the location gap between metropolitan and local hotels is decreasing, and the chance of attracting potential customers will be evenly offered to the two type of hotels in the internet oriented business environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 1998

This study analyzed urban greenspace area and vegetation structure by land use types for Kangnam-gu and Junglang-gu in Seoul different in income and building construction date. The study districts had a similar areal distribution of land use types. Residential lands accounted for about 32~37% of total area, natural lands, 19~22%, commercial and industrial lands(including transportation), 13~18%, and institutional lands, 13~17%. Greenspace covered only 20~30% of urban residential and commercial area in which human activities of living concentrate. Canopy stocking level in urban lands (all land uses except natural and agrecultural lands) was about 39% for Kangnam-gu and 50% for Junglang-gu, showing tree planting potential slightly higher in Kangnam-gu than in Junglang-gu. Woody plant cover was approximately 13%, and tree density was 3 trees/100m$^{2}$ forurban lands in both districts. The tree-age structure was largely characterized by young, growing tree population, and species diversity within a diameter class decreases as the diameter classes get larger. Urban lands of both districts had quite a similar species composition of woody plants (similarity indez of 0.70). Income and bulding construction date did not result in significant diference between the two districts in vegetation structure for urban lands. Some strategies were ezplored to solve problems found in the present greenspace structures. They included increase of biomass and greenspace area through minimization of unnecessary impervious surfaces, creation of multilayered and multiaged vegetation structures, and avoidance of intensive tree pruning and relocation of above ground utility lines.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.151-152
• /
• 2012

최근 자연환경과 스포츠를 활용한 스포츠 관광의 활성으로 도심지를 벗어나 그 외의 지역으로 여행을 떠나는 레저스포츠 중심의 관광 형태로 발전하고 있다. 이러한 사회적 흐름에 따라 본 연구는 레저스포츠 중심의 관광활동 참가자들의 참가정도가 몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하고자 한다. 레저스포츠 유형에 따른 몰입의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 참가정도가 오래될수록 몰입도 또한 높아지고 있었다. 마지막으로 레저스포츠 관광활동의 참여정도는 몰입의 하부요인에 정적인 영향을 미치고 있다.