• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the status of urbanization of Namyangju-Si from 2001 till 2008, analyze the correlation of the change of surrounding land use according to the change of accessibility and analyze the correlation of the change of land use. Based on the result from correlation analysis, I simulated from the view point of interactions between agents of land use and transportation accessibility by using MAS. I tried to forecast, based on space, the change of surrounding land use caused by the change of accessibility. I conducted landscape analysis by using a land registration map. Also, I conducted GIS analysis statistical analysis simulation analysis of traffic data, land use data in order to analyze the correlation of the change of surrounding land use according to the change of accessibility. I could find out a certain pattern that new roads and railroads causes the within 500m adjacent land to change into urban land use, which led me to construct a system through which land use changing phenomenon can be expected according to the change of accessibility. It is expected that it can make the best use of selecting the location where new transportation facilities are constructed.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2017

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day-Night Band (VIIRS-DNB) data provides a much higher capability for observing and quantifying nighttime light (NTL) brightness in comparison with Defense Meteorological Satellite-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) data. In South Korea, there is little research on the detection of NTL brightness change using VIIRS-DNB data. This study analyzed the spatial distribution and change of NTL brightness between 2013 and 2016 using VIIRS-DNB data, and detected its spatial relation with possible influencing factors using regression models. The intra-year seasonality of NTL brightness in 2016 was also studied by analyzing the deviation and change clusters, as well as the influencing factors. Results are as follows: 1) The higher value of NTL brightness in 2013 and 2016 is concentrated in Seoul and its surrounding cities, which positively correlated with population density and residential areas, economic land use, and other factors; 2) There is a decreasing trend of NTL brightness from 2013 to 2016, which is obvious in Seoul, with the change of population density and area of industrial buildings as the main influencing factors; 3) Areas in Seoul, and some surrounding areas have high deviation of the intra-year NTL brightness, and 71% of the total areas have their highest NTL brightness in January, February, October, November and December; and 4) Change of NTL brightness between summer and winter demonstrated a significantly positive relation with snow cover area change, and a slightly and significantly negative relation with albedo change.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to investigate the climatic impact of $PM_{10}$ concentration on the temperature change pattern in Busan Metropolitan City(BMC), Korea during 2001~2015. Mean $PM_{10}$ concentration of BMC has gradually declined over the past 15 years. While the highest $PM_{10}$ concentration was observed in spring followed by winter, summer, and fall on average, the seasonal variations of $PM_{10}$ concentration differed from place to place within the city. Frequency analysis showed that the most frequently observed $PM_{10}$ concentration ranged from $20{\mu}g/m^3$ to $60{\mu}g/m^3$, which accounted for 64.6% of all daily observations. Overall, the west-high and east-low pattern of $PM_{10}$ concentration was relatively strong during the winter when the effect of yellow-dust events on the air quality was weak. Comparative analyses between $PM_{10}$ concentration and monthly temperature slope derived from generalized temperature curves indicated that the decreasing trend of $PM_{10}$ concentration was associated with increases of annual temperature range, and $PM_{10}$ concentration had a negative relationship with the temperature slope of warming months. Overall, $PM_{10}$ concentration had a weak correlation with the annual mean temperature, but it had a significant, positive correlation with the winter season, which had a dominant influence on the annual mean temperature. In terms of energy budget, it has been known that the change in $PM_{10}$ concentration contributes to the warming or cooling effect by affecting the radiative forcing due to the reflection and absorption of radiant energy. The correlation between $PM_{10}$ concentration and temperature changes in the study area was not seasonally and spatially consistent, and its significance was statistically limited partly due to the number of observations and the lack of potential socioeconomic factors relevant to urban air quality.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.383-396
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• 2016

The most direct influence on the development of Yoseba Kotobuki was the end of World War II. As city rebuilding projects began vibrantly overlapping, the vitalization in Kotobuki was adopted by the laborers coming in from various parts throughout of the country. Just as the period of economic revival from the special demand created by the Korean War got underway, the aftermath of the worldwide economic recession due to the oil crisis had a direct effect on even the labor market. Moreover, as the vitality of the labor market gradually fizzled out from the long-term economic recession caused by the burst of the economic bubble, the labor base that had once been the pillar of the Japanese economy began to age and could no longer perform this role. As these aging laborers came to receive public assistance, the doya managers began repairing the doya and Kotobuki began to change again. The historical times which affected the changes in Yoseba Kotobuki's locality are in the lives of its members--the laborers--and the times themselves, which operate on the micro level; however, in those times, the national and the global time of the nation-state interact and are linked in multiple layers.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.275-290
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• 2021

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere is mainly generated from anthropogenic emission sources. It forms ultra-fine particulate matter through chemical reaction and has harmful effect on both the environment and human health. In particular, ground-level SO2 concentrations are closely related to human activities. Satellite observations such as TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument)-derived column density data can provide spatially continuous monitoring of ground-level SO2 concentrations. This study aims to propose a 2-step residual corrected model to estimate ground-level SO2 concentrations through the synergistic use of satellite data and numerical model output. Random forest machine learning was adopted in the 2-step residual corrected model. The proposed model was evaluated through three cross-validations (i.e., random, spatial and temporal). The results showed that the model produced slopes of 1.14-1.25, R values of 0.55-0.65, and relative root-mean-square-error of 58-63%, which were improved by 10% for slopes and 3% for R and rRMSE when compared to the model without residual correction. The model performance by country was slightly reduced in Japan, often resulting in overestimation, where the sample size was small, and the concentration level was relatively low. The spatial and temporal distributions of SO2 produced by the model agreed with those of the in-situ measurements, especially over Yangtze River Delta in China and Seoul Metropolitan Area in South Korea, which are highly dependent on the characteristics of anthropogenic emission sources. The model proposed in this study can be used for long-term monitoring of ground-level SO2 concentrations on both the spatial and temporal domains.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-232
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• 2007

The Puu Oo eruption in Hawaii since 1983 is one of the largest eruptions on Hawaii's volcanic history with prominent compositional variation ($5.6{\sim}10.1wt.%$ in MgO content). Although intense researches of Hawaiian eruption have been conducted for recent years, there is no up-to-date study on Puu Oo lavas that is erupting hot lavas today. in oder to obtain basic information on the geological characteristics of the eruption including any noticeable change in its petrological trend and magma dynamics, we applied several geological approaches such as field survey, systematic sampling, petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry. Clinopyroxene and Plagioclase phenocrysts are rarely observed on the thin section, however Olivine crysts are much more obvious in the study area. It indicates that Puu Oo is early stage of magma differentiation. Variation diagram of whole rock composition shows that the elements such as $TiO_2,\;Al_2O_3,\;SiO_2$ and $Na_2O$ decrease with increasing MgO. In the trace element Sr, Y Zr and V versus $K_2O$, P18, P19 samples are plotted in primitive area. Variations of the Ni contents during $2003{\sim}2006$ may suggest a sudden change in magma composition probably caused by new magma injection.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.393-407
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• 2012

This study suggests the results of temporal and spatial variations for rainfall data in the Korean Peninsula. We got the index of the rainfall amount, frequency and extreme indices from 65 weather stations. The results could be easily understood by drawing the graph, and the Mann-Kendall trend analysis was also used to determine the tendency (up & downward/no trend) of rainfall and temperature where the trend could not be clear. Moreover, by using the FARD, frequency probability rainfalls could be calculated for 100 and 200 years and then compared each other value through the moment method, maximum likelihood method and probability weighted moments. The Average Rainfall Index (ARI) which is meant comprehensive rainfalls risk for the flood could be obtained from calculating an arithmetic mean of the RI for Amount (RIA), RI for Extreme (RIE), and RI for Frequency (RIF) and as well as the characteristics of rainfalls have been mainly classified into Amount, Extremes, and Frequency. As a result, these each Average Rainfall Indices could be increased respectively into 22.3%, 26.2%, and 5.1% for a recent decade. Since this study showed the recent climate change trend in detail, it will be useful data for the research of climate change adaptation.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-101
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• 2005

Because of its strong potential for health hazards, the concentration levels of airborne lead (Pb) have been circumscribed by environmental laws in many countries. In this study, we made a comparative study on the environmental behavior of Pb for the acquisition of its distribution characteristics using data sets collected from major cities in Korea for a period of 6 years (1998 through 2003). According to this study, Pb concentration decreased slowly in most industrialized cities of Koreathroughout the whole study. period. In contrast, such temporal signals were not evident in data sets collected from residential, commercial, and grassland areas. Although seasonal patterns generally exhibited the occurrences of high Pb concentration during the spring, results appear to reflect the influence of Asian Dust (AD) in the springtime. The results of our study clearly indicate that Pb distribution is strongly influencedby source types in relation to their land use patterns. Comparison of our Pb data sets with that of other countries indicates that Pb concentration levels obtained from relatively cleaner districts of Korea are still significantly higher than other countries. The results of this analysis generally indicate that Pb concentrations in most areas are affected by the type and strength of man-made activities. Considering that most areas are affected by a variety of pollutants, continuous efforts are needed to control Pb concentrations in the atmosphere.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.887-898
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• 2007

A physically based semi-distributed model, SWAT was applied to the Chungju Dam upstream watershed in order to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of watershed sediment yields. For this, general features of the SWAT and sediment simulation algorithm within the model were described briefly, and watershed sediment modeling system was constructed after calibration and validation of parameters related to the runoff and sediment. With this modeling system, temporal and spatial variation of soil loss and sediment yields according to watershed scales, land uses, and reaches was analyzed. Sediment yield rates with drainage areas resulted in $0.5{\sim}0.6ton/ha/yr$ excluding some upstream sub-watersheds and showed around 0.51 ton/ha/yr above the areas of $1,000km^2$. Annual average soil loss according to land use represented the higher values in upland areas, but relatively lower in paddy and forest areas which were similar to the previous results from other researchers. Among the upstream reaches, Pyeongchanggang and Jucheongang showed higher sediment yields which was thought to be caused by larger area and higher fraction of upland than other upstream sub-areas. Monthly sediment yields at the main outlet showed same trend with seasonal rainfall distribution, that is, approximately 62% of annual yield was generated during July to August and the amount was about 208 ton/yr. From the results, we could obtain the uniform value of sediment yield rate and could roughly evaluate the effect of soil loss with land uses, and also could analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of sediment yields from each reach and monthly variation for the Chungju Dam upstream watershed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2018

Unlike its archetype predecessor such as the Highway Capacity Manual of the United States, the Korean Highway Capacity Manual of 2013 provides the analytical models for estimating the saturation flow rates for the lane-occupying work-zones in the proximity of the signalized intersections. Direct application of the revised saturation flow rates into the classic control delay models, however, appears to produce unreasonable delay amount as traffic demand approaches lane-group capacities and surpasses them, which is common phenomena in the work-zones. Complex interaction among vehicles, lane-dropping work-zone geometry and signal operations were never accounted in the traditional control delay models, and considerable differences between the delay model outcomes and field observations are repeatedly experienced. This paper proposes the modified approaches to the delay models in the manual, exerted on all three elements of control delay, and particularly focuses on the temporal and spatial boundary expansion in comparing the simulated results to the estimated ones. Extensive microscopic simulation work and calibration effort supports the modified approaches well enough to use them in the work-zone planning and evaluation.