• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 2017

Strengthening surveillance, one of the most important factors in the crime prevention environment of cultural heritages, has difficulty in evaluating and diagnosing the site. For this reasons, surveillance enhancement has been assessed by modelling the shape of cultural heritage, topography, and trees digitally. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation method of crime prevention environment for cultural heritage by using the 3D visual exposure index (3DVE) which can quantitatively evaluate the surveillance enhancement in three dimensions. For the study, the evaluation factors were divided into natural, organizational, mechanical, and integrated surveillance. To conduct the analysis, the buildings, terrain, walls, and trees of the study site were modeled in three dimensions and the analysis program was developed by using the Unity 3D. Considering the working area of the person, it is possible to analyze the surveillance point by dividing it into the head and the waist position. In order to verify the feasibility of the 3DVE as the analysis program, we assessed the crime prevention environment by digitally modeling the Donam Seowon(Historic Site No. 383) located in Nonsan. As a result of the study, it was possible to figure out the problems of patrol circulation, the blind spot, and the weak point in natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance of Donam Seowon. The results of the 3DVE were displayed in 3D drawings, so that the position and object could be identified clearly. Surveillance during the daytime is higher in the order of natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance, while surveillance during the night is higher in the order of organizational, mechanical, and natural surveillance. The more the position of the work area becomes low, the more it is easy to be shielded, so it is necessary to evaluate the waist position. It is possible to find out and display the blind spot by calculating the surveillance range according to the specification, installation location and height of CCTV. Organizational surveillance, which has been found to be complementary to mechanical surveillance, needs to be analyzed at the vulnerable time when crime might happen. Furthermore, it is note that the analysis of integrated surveillance can be effective in examining security light, CCTV, patrol circulation, and other factors. This study was able to diagnose the crime prevention environment by simulating the actual situation. Based on this study, consecutive researches should be conducted to evaluate and compare alternatives to design the crime prevention environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.109-118
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• 2012

The study is aimed to suggest a preliminary data on the improvement of children's recreational facility to enhance children's creativity at Sangsang Children Park Project(SCPP) in Seoul Metropolitan City being the case study. The book review, especially the field observation was implemented by the video recording methods for analyzing the children's play behavior with regard to the six sites of the SCPP that was constructed in March 2008 until May 2010. Because of the research, the first 21 patterns of the creative activities were shown. Second, the prime using rates of facilities were the combination of play facilities among other play facilities like swings, slides, trembling horse etc. However, more children's creative behaviors occurred on independent play facilities like swing, trembling horse, etc. than at combination play facilities. Third, children's creative behaviors diversely occurred at a moving or fluid facility like a swing, trembling horse and a spatial facility like sand field more than a fixed facility like combination play facility. Fourth, children's creative behavior could be divided and evaluated by five categories and elements of fluency: the flexibility, the creativity, the elaborateness, and the imagination. Nevertheless, it was assumed that the creative elements of the five categories were mixed together with each other instead of showing an individual characteristic. Fifth, based on this analysis, the research reached out to the conclusion that the combination play facility of imaginary children's park would be designed together with more fluid and spatial facilities to improve the children's creativity. Finally, It was proposed that the play facilities of imaginary children's park like drawing wall or board, spatial play facilities and handicraft facilities etc. would be introduced to improve sorts of creativeness on elaborateness and imagination shown less than the fluency, flexibility, and originality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

This study formed an estimation of the visual characteristics of urban bridges in Yanghwaro in the Gyeongui Railroad Area using a landscape simulation. Existing theses have formerly only suggested directions for design based on visual preference, but there is as yet no research on the practical process of landscape design. As a result, it is difficult to directly apply this to bridge design. This study found a potential bridge site and presented a direction for bridge design in order to improve the image of the surrounding urban landscape by surveying the visual effects and landscape preferences of different bridge types. An urban landscape was produced using a landscape simulation model and was made the background for the survey. Five bridge types--Girder, Arch, Truss, Cable and Suspension--were selected and presented. The shapes of the bridges were selected based on the floor plan. The results of this study are as follows. In a preference analysis, every bridge except Girder was evaluated as a positive influence. When rating the image, 'artificial' was rated significantly higher than other traits when assessing the background image. When the Girder Bridge was introduced, 'stable' and 'orderly' were both rated highly while 'stable', 'beautiful', 'orderly' and 'interesting' were high with the introduction of the Arch Bridge. 'Beautiful', 'stable', and 'orderly' were given a high value in the introduction of the Truss Bridge and every image except 'natural', 'harmony' and 'orderly' were highly rated in the introduction of the Cable Bridge. Further, every image but 'natural' was highly rated with the introduction of the Suspension Bridge. Based on the analysis of the landscape, there is a difference in preference before and after modeling a bridge type, while the bridge itself is an influence when it is the main object of the simulated scene. This study researched only the shape of the bridge as a part of the landscape but other elements such as stability, economics, and construction are also factors in the design of a bridge. Stability, economics, construction and other factors must be considered when selecting a bridge type in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

Recently the dramatical development of domestic spatial information technology and the successful construction of Korea NGIS(Nation Geographic Information System) have been the foundation of the scientific national territory utilization and management. However, there still exists the original problems to construct the thematic maps for supporting the various administrative services because administrative officials tend to depend on paper maps and inventories to generate spatial information, process, upgrade and manage. In this situation, there is a greater need to develop GIS system for the effective construction of various thematic maps. In this study, the satellite image based high accurate e-thematic construction and management system was developed to support the forest administrative service such as generating user based forest thematic maps, modifying them, analyzing and outputting through GIS, GPS and satellite images. For the case study, the previous forest paper map of Jeju Island was converted in format of raster and vector data using satellite images to maintain more exact location information so that this system helps to manage domestic spatial information scientifically and effectively within shorter time then support the standard for domestic spatial information. Moreover, this system plays the role of DSS(Decision Supporting System) for forest administrative affairs by integrating the attribute data, managing the GPS data and linking the multimedia data. For this, the additional main objective of this study was acquired powerful GIS component, which is called as e-mapping component, so that it could be regarded as enabling interoperability and reusability within this application. For the future works, the essential element idea and technology in this study could be applied very usefully to other official works such as constructing thematic maps and supporting the desired affairs.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2016

Design of a vegetation type sound barrier was presented as a noise barrier on the boundary of neighborhood facilities including schools, and apartments. The suggested noise barrier is made of unit blocks that are to be formed by stacking over the wall structure containing the plant and soils in the blocks. The advantage of the vegetation noise barrier is to acquire not only sound absorptive effects of plants and soils, but also sound diffusive effect caused by the irregular surface of the barrier which could eventually mitigate the noise. First, the optimum size of the units to obtain the highest noise reduction was investigated using 1/10 scaled model experiment, and sound attenuation experiments were carried out using a 1/2 mock-up model which is 2 m high and 5 m long. Total 1,137 unit blocks were made of synthetic woods with the size of $10{\times}10{\times}9cm$. These unit blocks were installed on the both side of the 1/2 mock-up steel framed noise barrier. As a result, it was revealed that the block typed vegetation noise barrier has 7 dB higher insertion loss in comparison with the general plane noise barrier. Also, it was found that the appropriate size of unit blocks is $20{\times}20cm$ which has large effect of sound insertion loss.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-33
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• 2000

The construction of a public cemetery in Kangnung city includes terraced graveyard with cutting or banking in mountain which has severe altitude differences with a slope of $30^{\circ}$. Therefore, there are scattered cutting and banking sections with vertical height more than 15m. Especially, if the slope failure or the loss of a graveyard happens after graveyard establishment due to surface flow and inflow around. it is difficult to repair, causing serious public censure. Accordingly, revegetation works were examined that need protection of slope. The specific content of the study was the selection of slopes requiring special care through blueprint and field investigation. the measurement of the physical property of slope and the situation of vegetative growth, the investigation of vegetation in slopes and the selection of vegetation. and the analysis of soil condition of slopes and the physical condition of slope sediment. On the basis of investigations some alternatives were proposed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.605-612
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• 2013

We investigated changes in the nutrient compositions of seokbakji supplemented with seafood during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 14 days. We added the seafood at a concentration of 10% (w/w) to salted radish and prepared seokbakji samples. Our results showed that the levels of moisture, crude lipids, crude ash, carbohydrates, and crude fibers did not differ markedly among the samples. However, the level of crude protein in seokbakji with added seafood was greater than that in control seokbakji. The highest level of Ca and P was determined in seokbakji supplemented with gizzard shad; the highest level of vitamin $B_2$ was determined in seokbakji supplemented with sandfish, and the highest vitamin C content was determined in seokbakji supplemented with small octopus. Glutamic acid showed the highest content in seokbakji with seafood; further, hydroxyproline was the most abundant free amino acid. The results of sensory evaluation showed higher scores in the overall acceptability of seokbakji with seafood than in control seokbakji.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

BIM Technology contains data from the life cycle of facility through 3D modeling. For these, one building products the huge file because of massive data. One of them is IFC which is the standard format, and there are issues that large scale data processing based on geometry and property information of object. It increases the rendering speed and constitutes the graphic card, so large scale data is inefficient for screen visualization to user. The light weighting of large scale BIM data has to solve for process and quality of program essentially. This paper has been searched and confirmed about light weight techniques from domestic and abroad researches. To control and visualize the large scale BIM data effectively, we proposed and verified the technique which is able to optimize the BIM character. For operating the large scale data of facility on web based GIS platform, the quality of screen switch from user phase and the effective memory operation were secured.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2016

Three fiber sources including Russian spruce (Picea jezoensis) and larix (Larix leptolepis), and Myanmar bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) for thermomechanical pulp were explored to replace domestic pine (Pinus densiflora) pulp that has some limitations in an aspect of supply and pitch trouble. Thermomechanical pulps were manufactured under the identical condition, and then compared with their representative pulp properties and pulping process. Both Russian larix and Myanmar bamboo contained large amounts of extractives that would negatively affect mechanical pulping processes. Russian spruce showed the least contents in shives and pitch. Russian spruce and domestic pine reached an optimum freeness level within a short pulp processing time, which consumed less amount of refining energy compared to larix and bamboo. In particular, the spruce wood showed the highest brightness level which might lead to a less consumption of bleaching chemicals. It was expected that Russian spruce could be replaced with the domestic pine wood in respect of both pulping process and pulp quality.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic coordination and control of lower segments in skill process. For the investigation, we examined the difference of resultant linear velocity of segments and angle vs angle graph. Novice subjects were 9 male middle school students who has never been experienced a taekwondo and expert subjects were 7 university taekwondo players. We analyzed kinematic variables of Dollyochagi motion through videographical analysis and the conclusion were as follows. 1. Examining the graph of novice subjects' maximal resultant linear velocity of the thigh, shank, and foot segment, as it gets closer to the end of the training, the maximal resultant linear velocity in each segment increased. Statistical analysis showed the following results; thigh segment caused the increase of speed, using the trunk segment's momentum in the latter term of learning, while the shank segment utilized the momentum of the adjacent proximal segment at the beginning of learning, and the foot segment in the middle of learning. 2. Until the point where the knee joint angle is minimum, as the novice group learn the skill, the flexion of knee and hip joints has changed into the form of coordination pattern in phase. On the other hand, the expert group showed continual coordination pattern in phase that the movement sequences were smooth. From the knee joint maximal flexion to impact timing, all novice and expert groups showed coordination pattern out of phase. 3. From the knee joint maximal flexion to impact timing, the ankle joint was fixed and the knee joint was extended to all the novice stages and expert subjects.