• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.66
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• pp.179-208
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• 2021

Due to COVID-19, the entire world is facing the unprecedented phenomenon. Amid the threat of the virus, the global community is struggling for life. In such circumstances, churches in Korea have been criticised as selfish groups threatening the community by spreading the virus. With such criticism, they are disregarded by Korean society because their immorality and exclusive attitude towards other religions and cultures were also mentioned in public. There are many reasons for Korean churches to lose trust from people. One of the reasons for that is the quantitative growth of church and expansion of the power of church, which is a direction that has been practised so far as a missionary goal. The zeal for spreading gospel has undermined the trust of church and become a deteriorating factor for mission, which is irony. In such problematic situations, the change of paradigm is required for new mission. The passion for evangelisation should not only focus on the quantitative growth of church; it should change its direction for serving the world in lieu with the plan of God for the activity of redemption on this land. A hint of such mission can be found in ecumenical mission. Ecumenical mission is a new paradigm which was discussed in ecumenical movement led mainly by WCC, and its aim is to participate in activities of redemption of God for life in this world. Christian education has been a tool for the expansion of Christian power in the context of traditional mission. Reflecting on the role of Christian education as such, the change of direction as practical movement for the kingdom of God was tried in ecumenical movement: the beginning of the discussion of Christian education based on ecumenical mission. Due to exclusivity, aggressive mission, and the excessive attention to the system of ecclesiastical authority rather than life, Korean churches, which have lost trust in this society, should recover themselves as the model of the kingdom of God, and the establishment of mission education based on ecumenical mission is required for them to become a community towards life. Furthermore, this is an urgent task for Korean churches to implement such mission education in a church community.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.36
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• pp.173-202
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• 2013

In Korea The understanding about physical body contains several cultural and historical experiences. In the modern times several discussions bring about changes from moral training to physical education. Physical education shows clearly modern physical human being by destructions of confusional human being. In confusional philosophy human body contains moral facts such as moral training. Moral training shows right mind, so every physical acts target mental and cultural training. So in this capitalism, it is needed o training right moral training and right physical education.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.59-86
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• 2010

This paper tries to study theoretical transformation about modernity by analyzing changes of the concepts of Gaining Knowledge of the Study of Things(格物致知). Gaining Knowledge of the Study of Things(格物致知) was the main concept to explain the thought of Neo-Confucianism(性理學). But in the Modern era Gaining Knowledge of the Study of Things(格物致知) was understood as the meaning of Science. In Neo-Confucianism(性理學) Gaining Knowledge of the Study of Things(格物致知) was closely related to the side of human duty and the moral value judgement. But in the modern meaning Gaining Knowledge of the Study of Things(格物致知: Science) was focused to scientific study of the objective matter. So the Science on Gaining Knowledge of the Study of Things(格物致知學) effect to breakup the thinking of Neo-Confucianism(性理學).

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.22
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• pp.99-120
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• 2003

그 동안 지속적인 경제성장을 바탕으로 한국의 생명보험산업은 양적으로 성장하였다. 그러나 내면을 살펴보면 외형을 떠받칠 만큼 내실있게 성장했는지에 대해서는 많으 의구심을 갖게 한다. 현실적으로 경제성장을 바탕으로 한 외형성장은 한계를 맞을 수 밖에 없으며, 이제는 질적인 내실을 기하기 위해 그 동안 소홀히 했던 보함산업의 전반의 체질개선이 필요하다. IMF이후 경영이 부실한 보험사들이 퇴출되면서 전면적인 개편이 이루어졌고, 또한 보험사 내부에서도 전반적인 개혁의 필요성을 인식하여 여러 방면으로 방안을 구체화하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 상황하에서 생명보험산업의 기존 문제점 개선방안의 일환으로, 보험산업의 가장 핵심분야라 할 수 있는 언더라이팅 분야의 국내현황을 살펴보면서 보험선진국의 제도 및 운영현황과 비교 분석하여 부문별 문제점을 도출하고, 그에 따른 개선방안을 제안하게 되었으며, 본 논문에서 제시된 개선방안을 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 언더라이팅을 신속 정확하게 수행하고 도덕적 위험을 배제하기 위하여 개선된 정보교환시스템 제도를 구축해야 하며, 사정자료의 수집업무를 전문기관에게 아웃소싱함으로써 비용절감을 기하여야 한다. 이와 아울러 모집인의 전문성을 제고시켜 보험계약 청약서와 모집인 보고서가 정확하게 작성되도록 하고 언더라이팅 실적과 연계한 인센티브제도에 의하여 모집수당이 지급되도록 하여 언더라이팅이 효과적으로 수행되도록해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 언더라이팅기법의 선진화를 기함으로써 위험에 상응하는 보험료를 부가하여 위험에 노출되어 있는 가망고객의 보험가입율을 높이고, 보험사고 발생시 실질적인 보험혜택을 누리도록 하여야 한다. 이를 위한 실천방안으로 의적 직업적 재정적 언더라이팅 선진기법을 도입하여 각 부문의 역량을 강화해야 할 것이다. 특히 제도적으로 개인신용정보의 언더라이팅 활용이 제한되어 있는 현실에서 이를 법제도 내로 흡수하면서 개인의 사생활 유지라는 목적을 동시에 달성되도록 하는 재정적 언더라이팅 기법의 강화가 특히 중요하리라 생각된다. 아울러 언더라이팅 업무를 효과적 효율적 수행을 통해 일관성 있는 의사결정이 이루어질 수 있도록 지원하는 언더라이팅 시스템구축을 통해 정형화된 인수과정은 결정시스템화하고, 복잡한 위험의 경우 자문 시스템으로 운영하여 간단한 언더라이팅 업무는 구축된 시스템을 통해 즉각 해결함으로써 시간을 절약할 수 있고, 언더라이팅 인력은 보다 전문적인 부문에 집중하도록 해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로, 비표준위험시장의 활성화를 위해서는 현재의 제약조건인 생명보험 상품개발을 세트형에서 조립형으로 전환하고, 재보험으로 위험을 분산하여 비표준위험의 인수를 증대하여야 할 것이다. 이와 더불어 언더라이팅 과정에서 얻어진 피보험자의 사정자료를 활용하여 고객에게 필요한 의료정보 등을 제공함으로써, 피보험자와 유대관계를 돈독히 하여 기존계약이 계속 유지되도록 하며, 추가계약이 이루어지도록 해야 할 것이다. 이상과 같은 비표준위험의 언더라이팅 개선방안이 보다 효과적으로 수행되고 발전하기 위해서는 통계축적 및 관리, 전문 언더라이터 양성, 전산을 이용한 언더라이팅 확대 등이 이루어져야 하므로 향후 이에 대한 집중적인 연구가 있어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.211-231
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• 2005

It is important for marketers to understand both individual resistance and group resistance in order to successfully bring innovations into global markets. We suggest that consumers resist innovations as individuals and as members of a group and that they do this in different ways at different stages of decision-making. The individual resistance begins with forms of initial resistance, develops into emergent resistance and mature or belated resistance at the individual level. In addition, personal moral standards can influence decision making in relation to the adoption of innovations. Individual resistance is sometimes accompanied by or evolves into group resistance. We introduce a framework for thinking about consumer resistance to innovations that sees it as a consequence of social identity, which has functions for the individual, the group to which one belongs, and other individuals and groups. Consumers with membership in a certain group try to increase their self-esteem through the process of social comparison. The more consumers strongly identify with and bond with a certain group, the more in-group solidarity and out-group hostility will occur. Out-group hostility gives group members strong resistance toward products and services related to the out-group. Individual resistance and group resistance are threats to marketers and dampen performance. By considering the existence of resistance to innovations and seeking strategies to overcome it, marketers can transform these threat into new opportunities. A better understanding of consumer resistance can complement research on the adoption of innovations and help in the development of a universal model of consumer behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

From the present perspective, North Korea overcame its crisis situation of the regime, the Arduous March. What was the driving force, enabling the regime to overcome the situation that could have been collapsed? This study intended to look into what strategy the North Korean government took to unite the social minds through its documentary films in the midst of the national crisis. The results of analysis are as follows. First, the documentary films emphasize that the people should become heroes in heroic fantasies. These films present the model cases, in which the people break through the hardships with their strong willpower, as an answer. Second, they mind the defeatism and encourage the triumphalism. They stress the importance of uniting collective minds as a breakthrough in overcoming the economic crisis. Third, they place an emphasis on creating the harmonized minds. They repeat the recovery of communistic morality, which has been emphasized up to date. Collective minds are eventually the outcome obtained from social experiences. North Korea stresses to convert the arduous march into the march to the paradise by the creation of collective minds through documentary films even in difficult realities.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.439-461
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• 2017

The filial piety culture represented by Cao-e was regarded as moral rule mechanism in order to maintain patriarchal system and property relations in ancient China as an agricultural society. Exactly, In the process of Cao-e's story spreading, oral inheritance and literature processing have a relation of learning and penetration each other in order to beautify, deify, systematic stories. This is expression of human being's thought method of pursuing perfection. For instance, The traditional piety culture is increasingly weakened, that is why it is important to recognize the fundamental connotation behind the cultural identity in the modern society, to create the social foundation of Cao-e' filial piety cultural contents root, and to explore the core values of piety culture contains. Looking Cao-e' filial piety Culture and culture archetypes as study object, this article analyzes the spreading of Cao-e's story texts for understand the connection between literature processing and image formation from aspect of Cao-e deification.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.351-377
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• 2008

Corruption in China became increasingly serious during the early period of its social transition, resulting in severe economic losses and huge challenges to China's government institution, as well as gradually becoming socially widespread. Recently. China's political corruption is an outcome of the attenuated political control, which has been caused by a systemic change from planned economy to market economy since 1978, and the lack of institutionalization to relieve such transition. Besides, the immature market system and state's intervention in the economy are other factors for the corruption. In short, current China's corruption can be regarded as a structuralized phenomenon. This article identified such circumstance by analyzing the scope, degree, and scale of the corruption. Overall assessment of the some factors suggests that present economic modernization is a principal cause for Chinese corruption while the other factors-monopoly power system in the Chinese Communist Party and the transformation of connection-are important but secondary.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.42
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• pp.259-294
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• 2014

The key concept of political thoughts of Confucianism is 'Tian(天)=the Heaven' and 'Ren(人)=the Human being'. In particular, the meaning of 'the Heaven(天)' is profoundly exclusive in Confucianism in comparison to the other concepts. It is because that 'the Heaven' is connected with 'Ri(理)' which explains the human being and the heaven metaphysically, and the discussions about those concepts have also been widening to the political field. And if the concept of 'the Heaven's nature(天命)' is excluded, it is difficult for us to discuss the essence of political thought of Confucianism. This paper argued how the politicalization of 'the Heaven' which was private dimension of monarch in the strict sense, changed to the public dimension of people in Japan in the early 18th century through some theories of the two famous philosopher, Ito-Jinsai(伊藤仁齋) and Ogyu-Sorai(荻生?徠) who belonged to the 'Kogakuha(古學派)'. The doctrines of Chu-tzu(朱子學) has hold absolute authority over the history of the oriental political thoughts. But the authority have gone through the stage of disorganization in a unique space called Eto(江戶) era of Japan. Therefore, the interpretations and concept establishments in a new dimension are naturally formed in that periods about 'Min(民)=People'. Based on discussions like this, the purpose of this paper is to study how those movements are emerged in what kinds of thinking and debating process. In part of Ito-Jinsai, this paper have reconsidered the concept of 'People' which Jinsai had thought and examined closely with critical mind about 'In(仁)=Mercy'. In case of Ogyu-Sorai, this paper have argued his political theory of 'the welfare of the people in the nation(安民天下)', in clarifying with the concept of 'the Roads of the Saint(先王의 道)' and the meaning about his declaration that "the Six Scripture(六經) is things(物)". The meaning of political view of this two philosopher is in the point to suggest some kinds of cure for problems of those days with the former days values. In the Jinsai's doctrine, that cure is 'the realization of the rule of right(王道)' based on new interpretation of 'Mersy'. And in case of Sorai, that is a form of independence of politics from morality based on 'the Roads of the Saint'.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-72
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• 2018

In the division of labor (or teamwork) in medicine, the responsibility of medical and nursing staff should be separated or distributed to justify negligent criminal offenses. The present work refers to the standards by which the due diligence and responsibility of the individual persons are to be determined and delimited. In this context, it has been proven that objective theory as a measure of due diligence is appropriate. From a moral point of view, when assessing due diligence, it makes sense to impose greater individual or higher performance demands on the perpetrator, but law and order require that due diligence should result from socially relevant human behavior. To give objective measure of negligence and to provide the highest level of personal responsibility, so that man can not be burdened too much responsibility and it is accordingly with an equality theorem. Afterwards some points are presented, which should be considered in a concrete fact in the determination of the medical negligence. Medical action has specific characteristics such as professionalism, discretionary and exclusive, unbalance of information. These characteristics distinguish medical actions from general negligence. The general level of knowledge, the urgency, working condition and working environment of the medical facility, duration of the professional practice, assessment of the medical activity are crucial in this context. As a standard of delineation of due diligence, I have used the permitted risk and the principle of trust. In the horizontal division of labor, the principle of trust applies. The principle of trust applies in principle in cases of division of labor interaction, when doctors in the same hospital exercise their own specific occupational field or everyone works in another hospital. However, this is not true for every case. In the vertical division of labor, the principle of trust does not apply and the senior physician can not trust the assistant doctors. In this case, the principle of trust is converted into a duty of supervision for assistant doctors by the senior physician. This supervision requirement could be used as a random check.