• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 2012

This study has three objectives. First, it examines the relationship between organizational fairness and organizational commitment perceived by social workers in Korea. Second, it simultaneously examines mediating effects of organizational trust and organizational cynicism in the relationship between organizational fairness and organizational commitment. Third, it also examines the effect of social workers' perceived work value on the combined model by considering the unique characteristics of social work profession. This study employs the stratified cluster sampling method on social workers with more than two year work experiences in their current social service agencies that are located in Seoul and Kyungki province; finally it analyzes the responses from 564 social workers by using the method of structural equation modeling. This study has the following results: (1) there is a positive causal relationship between organizational fairness and organizational commitment perceived by social workers; (2) there is also a positive causal relationship between social workers' perceived work value and organizational commitment; and (3) in the mediating effects of organizational trust and organizational cynicism, there are no mediating effects in the relationship between organizational fairness and organizational commitment. This study discusses the importance of social workers' perceived work value and theoretical and practical implications of the results.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.3-18
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• 2021

The 'digital divide' is regarded as a latent dysfunction that impedes the intrinsic role of information to contribute to social equality. Therefore, it has drawn great attention inside and outside of academia. The growing interest in the digital divide has been driven by the realization that it can create a serious crisis that threatens a social system compounded by existing economic, social, and cultural inequality, rather than being limited to an uneven distribution of information. In this paper (1) studies on the digital divide published since 1970 are reviewed, (2) studies noteworthy of discussion are selected to assess their academic significance, and (3) the tasks and prospects of digital divide research are explored. Although meaningful achievements have been amassed through continuous interest and efforts of the academic community, two limitations are raised; the gap between pure research and policy research that hinders the working of synthetic imagination, and the intellectual lag falling behind a rapidly changing society. In addition, it is suggested that the operation, curation, and augmentation gaps would emerge as new agenda for digital divide research in the intelligent information age.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.244-258
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• 1995

아기의 출생은 부모에게 환경적, 신체적, 정신적 부담을 준다. 이렇게 부모가 된 사람들은 부모역할 수행시 어려움을 겪고 있고, 그 중에서도 어머니가 아버지보다 역할수행시 더 많은 어려 움을 겪고 있다고 한다. 본 연구는 생후 8개월 된 아기 어머니들을 대상으로 역할이 론을 토대로 모성역할 획득에 영향을 주는 요인들로 가설적 모형을 구축하고, 이의 적합성을 검정하므로 써 어머니들의 모성역할 획득을 촉진하기 위하여 필요한 간호 정보를 제공하려고 한다. 본 연구는 문헌고찰을 통하여 모성역할 긴장과 모성역할 획득에 영향을 주는 요인으로 일상생활의 시간적 여유, 아기 기질, 사회적 지지가 포함되었고, 모성역할 긴장이 모성역할 획득에 영향을 주는 것으로 이론적 기틀을 구성하였다. 연구도구로는 모성역할 획득 중 모성 정체감을 측정하기 위해 Osgood(Walker et al., 1986a에서 인용)도구, 모성역할 수행을 측정하기 위해 수정보완 된 Gibaud-Wallston(1977)도구와 어머니가 지각한 모아 상호작용정도 도구를 이용하였고, 모성역할 긴장측정에는 수정 보완된 Hobbs(정, 1985에서 인용)도구를 이용하였다. 아기 기질은 수정 보완한 The degree of thor inventory(Mercer, 1986 에서 인용), 남편의 정신적지지 측정은Taylor(Durrett, 1986에서 인용)의 도구를 이용하였고, 일상생활의 시간적 여유, 남편의 신체적 지지 및 주위의 지지측정은 연구자가 개발한 도구를 사용하였다. 1993년 1월부터 1994년 1월까지 대전시 5개 보건소에 등록된 대상자들에게 우편으로 설문지를 보내어 221명이 회수되어 회수율이 약72%였다. 일반적인 서술적 자료 분석은 SPSS PC+ 를 이용하였고, 가설적 모형은PC-LISREL 7.13 (Joreskkog & Sorbom,1988)프로그램을 이용하여 공변량구조분석을 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 모성역할 획득에 모성역할 긴장, 일상생활의 시간적 여유, 아기 기질, 사회적 지지가 영향을 주며, 모성역할 긴장에는 일상생활의 시간적 여유, 아기 기질, 사회적지지가 영향을 준다고 설정된 가설적 모형〈Figure 1〉의 분석 결과 전반적 지수는 자유도 23에 카이자승치 60.17, GFI와 AGFI의 값은 .944, .891였고, NFI와 NNFI의 값은 .8823, .7932 이었다. 그러나 세부적 지수 중 모성역할 긴장에서 모성역할획득으로의 경로, 일상생활의 시간적 여유에서 모성역할 획득으로의 경로, 아기 기질에서 모성역할 획득으로의 경로의 고정지수가 절대치 2에 미치지 못하여, 세 경로계수를 영(0)으로 고정시킬 필요가 있었다. 따라서 더 간명하며 부합도가 좋은 모형을 찾기 위하여 가설적모형에서 고정지수가 낮은 경로 부터 고정시켜 나가 세경로(모성 역할 긴장에서 모성역할 획득, 일상생활의 시간적 여유에서 모성역할 획득, 아기 기질에서 모성역할획득)를 고정시킨 수정 모형 의 PFI (간명도)가 .5986으로서 가설적모형의 PFI(간명도) .5636보다 커 부합도 를 손상하지 않고 더 간명한 모형으로 나타났다. 수정모형 의 고정 지수를 살펴 본 결과 절대 치 2에 미치지 못하는 경로는 나타나지 않았다. 공변량구조분석 결과 나타난 변인간의 관계를 보면 가) 모성역할 긴장은 사회적 지지가 많을수록(Lisrel Estimates=-1.591), 아기 기질이 순하다고 생각할수록(Lisrel Estimates=-.266), 일상생활의 시간적 여유가 많을수록(Lisrel Estimstes=-1.771) 낮았고, 나) 모성역할 획득은 사회적 지지가 많을수록(Lisrel Estimates=1.120) 잘 되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2012

This study examined the differences of academic achievement by social status types through sociometry. This study analyzed 201 students in grade 6 in S elementary school. The social status is classified by 7 (popular, average, rejected, aggressive-rejected, submissive-rejected, neglected, controversial) with academic achievement of each type as dependent variables to figure out the relation between social status types and academic achievement. To classify 5 social status types, a sociometry program developed by Ahn, Ie-Hwan (2007) was used, 2 social status types was classified with experimental condition, and its dependent variable was the score by subjects in the mid-term exam of the 1st semester in 2011. The average values of humanities courses (Korean and social studies) and natural science courses (math and science) were compared by both sexes and 7 social status types. The reference group was average group. As a result, as to male students, N type had the highest score both in humanities courses and natural science courses while C type had the lowest score in both groups. As to female students, P, N, C types had the highest score in both groups with similar range while R type had the lowest score in both groups. This result demonstrates that the academic achievement of students had relatively high relevance with social status. and also, suggestion that how teachers can do to enhance the academic achievement of elementary school students.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2005

The optimum population of a society or country can be defined as 'the population growth path that maximizes the welfare level of the society over the whole generations of both the present and the future, under the paths allowed by its endowments of production factors such as technology, capital and labor'. Thus, the optimum size or growth rate of population depends on: (i) the social welfare function, (ii) the production function, and (iii)demographic economic interrelationship which defines how the national income is disposed into consumption(birth and education of children included) and savings on the one hand and how the demographic and economic change induced thereby, in turn, affect production capacities on the other. The optimum population growth path can, then, be derived in the process of dynamic optimization of (i) under the constraints of (ii) and (iii), which will give us the optimum population growth rate defined as a function of parameters thereof. This paper estimates the optimum population growth rate of Korea by: specifying (i), (ii), and (iii) based on the recent development of economic theories, solving the dynamic optimization problem and inserting empirical estimates in Korea as the parametric values. The result shows that the optimum path of population growth in Korea is around TFR=1.81, which is affected most sensitively, in terms of the size of the partial elasticity around the optimum path, by the cost of children, share of capital income, consumption rate, time preference, population elasticity of utility function, etc. According to a survey implemented as a follow up study, there are quite a significant variations in the perceived cost of children, time preference rate, population elasticity of utility across different socio-economic classes in Korea, which implied that, compared to their counterparts, older generation and more highly educated classes prefer higher growth path for the population of Korea.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Recently the demand for civil protection and security guards shows rapid growth by the social development and improve the quality of life. However the supply and education system have some limitations in spite of the high demand guard-secretary. The main role of secretaries has been to accompany superiors in order to maintain their dignity or trait. However, the secretaries are required to play additional roles of safety managers such as a security manager, a protocol manager, an intelligence manager and a protective driver in order to overcome the domestic and the international safety environment and to elevate the quality of service as a competitive work. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyse current situation of curriculum on security guard training at the universities related to this department, and to seek an educational model for this area. For that, the following questions will be examined. First, Do the professional training organizations meet social demand for the body and security guards? Second, What kind of training has to be provide for the body and security guards? and what the qualifications of the trainers? Then, what are the differences in training courses between private organizations and universities? Is there differences in the job placement among the trainers of private organizations and universities? etc.. In summary to meet the social demand common curriculum for the body and security guard will be drawn from the analyses of diverse training organizations with different training courses in contents, training periods, educational value, and social aim. For the scholarly identity to the security and secretary studies is th following on the core curriculum, then the university curriculum is very important for that. It is need to arrange the curriculum that is actually current at College or University for the suggestions on scholarly identity and development of the security and secretary studies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Tai chi exercise program on the physical function, self-esteem and social behavior in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: This study utilized a nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The 45 subjects were recruited from a mental health care facility in D city and randomly assigned either to the experimental group (n=23) or to the control group (n=22). The experimental group participated in the Tai chi exercise program, twice a week for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSSWIN V. 11.5 program, using $X^2$-test and t-test. Results: After 12 weeks, there were significant differences in flexibility (p=.027), balance (p=.011), self-esteem (p=.005) and social behavior (p=.003) between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed the positive effects of Tai-Chi exercise program in patients with schizophrenia. Further studies are required to determine the effects on physical and social variables.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to examine the social value of dental hygienists, their values about the health system and the relationship of all the related variables. Methods : The subjects in this study were 205 dental hygienists who worked in dental clinics and hospitals on Seoul. A survey was conducted from August 12 to October 15, 2010. The questionnaire consisted of nine items about general characteristics, two items about social values and 11 about values of the health system. The items related to social values and values of the health system were prepared by translating the items used in David et al's study, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient of those items respectively 0.80 and 0.76. Results : The dental hygienists got 3.94 in social values, which was above the average. In terms of values about the health care system, their values of the treatment delivery system(3.92) rated highest, followed by values of patient rights(3.79) and values of institutional restrictions(3.25). Their socal values had a closest positive correlation to their values of the treatment delivery system, and their values of patient rights had a strong positive correlation to those of the treatment delivery system and was positively correlated to those of institutional regulations as well. And there was a positive correlation between their values of the treatment delivery system and institutional regulations(r=.276). Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings illustrated that the social values of the dental hygienists had a positive correlation to their values of the health system. Therefore the kinds of educational programs that help dental hygienists to build their social values and values of the health system should be developed to improve their job efficiency as oral health experts.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

Civil infrastructure is the basis facility which builds up the base of national economy operation. Consequently unexpected sudden abnormal condition of civil infrastructure causes private and national property loss and moreover can spread social issue. Therefore, continuous maintenance and safety management for the civil infrastructures should be handled with great weight. Monitoring system for managing bridge maintenance was introduced first in the early of 1990s and has been developed up to real time measurement and analysis. Thesedays another system using fiber optic sensors is being developed. This paper presents the cost analysis of bridge monitoring system with fiber optic sensors which is gathering attention. Various cases were considered and the results were compared with that of monitoring system with electronic resistant type sensors widely used. As a results, fiber optic sensor system has good advantages in various cases, and a1so cost effectiveness compared to conventional sensor system.

• Survey Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-43
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• 2000

Although telephone surveys are an attractive alternative to household interviews it is important to determine whether the data collected by the two methods are comparable. To answer this question, findings from the telephone survey literatures are examined in the view point of i) direct effect which means expressions of preference of the interview detail of answers on open questions and item missing data rates ii) statistical estimates and iii) differences of interviewers and data collection modes. Differences are explained by social desirability effects on the telephone, cognitive ability of the survey question, and mode effects and interviewer effects.